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Tantawy MA, El-Sherbeeny NA, Helmi N, Alazragi R, Salem N, Elaidy SM. Synthetic antiprotozoal thiazolide drug induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells: implications of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and p53/caspases-dependent signaling pathways based on molecular docking and in vitro study. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:143-157. [PMID: 32356241 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global pressing healthcare priority. Dysregulation of the IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and p53/caspase downstreaming pathways are significantly involved in the progression of CRC, and mainly affecting apoptosis. Discovery of new anti-cancer agents is laborious, time consuming, and costly with obvious socioeconomic burden. In the present study, we are proposing new molecular insights on the anti-proliferative and apoptotic therapeutic effects of nitazoxanide (NTZ) on CRC. NTZ is FDA-approved thiazolide antiparasitic agent, which has excellent safety and pharmacokinetic profiles. The molecular docking study revealed that NTZ has better binding affinity and docking score against JAK2 and BCL2 proteins compared to 5-Fluorouracil, which is the standard drug for treatment of CRC. The current in vitro work on a human HCT116 cell line displayed that NTZ had lower IC50 value (11.20 µM) than 5-flurouracil (23.78 µM), and NTZ induced a statistically significant down-regulation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3. NTZ also modulated significantly the p53/caspases-dependent signaling pathways, leading to enhancement of apoptosis and an increase of DNA fragmentation. Moreover, NTZ regulated the Bcl-2 gene family and promoted the loss of mitochondrial function which was depicted by release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), and caspase activation in apoptotic HCT116 cells. Additionally, NTZ was able to reduce the expression of VEGF in CRC cell line, which needs future thorough molecular investigations. In conclusion, our findings provided a novel evidence that NTZ could be a dual potential IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling inhibitor and p53/caspases-dependent pathway activator in CRC cell line. These potentials support further exploratory molecular researches targeting the therapeutic roles of NTZ in CRC; individually and simultaneously with current approved chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Tantawy
- Stem Cells Lab, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. .,Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. .,Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Nagla A El-Sherbeeny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Samah M Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Zhou J, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Fu J, Luo P, Ma Y, Zou D, Gao H, Hu J, Zhang Y, Jing Z. Dp44mT, an iron chelator, suppresses growth and induces apoptosis via RORA-mediated NDRG2- IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in glioma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:461-75. [PMID: 32207044 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The iron-chelating agent di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) has been found to inhibit cell growth and to induce apoptosis in several human cancers. However, its effects and mechanism of action in glioma are unknown. METHODS Human glioma cell line LN229 and patient-derived glioma stem cells GSC-42 were applied for both in vitro and in vivo xenograft nude mouse experiments. The anti-tumor effects of Dp44mT were assessed using MTS, EdU, TUNEL, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical assays. RESULTS We found that Dp44mT can upregulate the expression of the anti-oncogene N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG)2 by directly binding to and activating the RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR)A. In addition, we found that NDRG2 overexpression suppressed inflammation via activation of interleukin (IL)-6/Janus kinase (JAK)2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Dp44mT may serve as an effective drug for the treatment of glioma by targeting RORA and enhancing NDRG2-mediated IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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