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Fojtíková L, Šuláková A, Blažková M, Holubová B, Kuchař M, Mikšátková P, Lapčík O, Fukal L. Lateral flow immunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay as effective immunomethods for the detection of synthetic cannabinoid JWH-200 based on the newly synthesized hapten. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:65-75. [PMID: 29276691 PMCID: PMC5738196 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) as drugs of abuse has greatly increased. SCs are associated with a risk of severe poisoning or even death. Therefore, more rapid, cost effective and reliable methods are needed, especially for the screening of drivers after traffic accidents and for detailed toxicological analysis in forensic laboratories. In this study, we developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of JWH-200 in oral fluids. For this purpose a new hapten was prepared using a ten-step synthetic route. The developed immuno methods are based on antibodies obtained from rabbit immunized with synthesized hapten conjugated to carrier protein. The proposed methods are highly sensitive (LODLFIA = 0.08 ± 0.04 ng mL-1; LODELISA = 0.04 ± 0.02 ng mL-1). They were applied to the quantification of JHW-200 in spiked oral fluids. The recoveries ranged from 82 to 134% for both methods. The results correlated excellently with results obtained using UHPLC-MS/MS (R2LFIA = 0.99; R2ELISA = 0.99). Our developed methods could be an important tool for analyses of JWH-200 in human oral fluids. The one-step LFIA is particularly suitable for roadside and on-site monitoring due to the rapid qualitative results it delivers, while the ELISA is especially useful for laboratory quantitative analyses of positive samples captured by LFIA.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- DCC, N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DIBAH, diisobutylaluminium hydride
- DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide
- ELISA
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GAR, goat anti-rabbit antibody
- GAR-Po, peroxidase labelled goat anti-rabbit antibody
- Hapten synthesis
- Immunomethods
- JWH-200
- LFIA
- LFIA, lateral flow immunoassay
- LOD, limit of detection
- NBS, N-bromosuccinimide
- NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide
- NPS, new psychoactive substances
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- RSA, rabbit serum albumin
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- SCs, synthetic cannabinoids
- Synthetic cannabinoid
- THC, thin layer chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Fojtíková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Šuláková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Blažková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mikšátková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Lapčík
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Fukal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Fornaguera C, Calderó G, Solans C, Vauthier C. Protein-nanoparticle interactions evaluation by immunomethods: Surfactants can disturb quantitative determinations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:284-90. [PMID: 26070388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of proteins on nanoparticle surface is one of the first events that occur when nanoparticles enter in the blood stream, which influences nanoparticles lifetime and further biodistribution. Albumin, which is the most abundant protein in serum and which has been deeply characterized, is an interesting model protein to investigate nanoparticle-protein interactions. Therefore, the interaction of nanoparticles with serum albumin has been widely studied. Immunomethods were suggested for the investigation of adsorption isotherms because of their ease to quantify the non-adsorbed bovine serum albumin without the need of applying separation methods that could modify the balance between the adsorbed and non-adsorbed proteins. The present work revealed that this method should be applied with caution. Artifacts in the determination of free protein can be generated by the presence of surfactants such as polysorbate 80, widely used in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field, that are needed to preserve the stability of nanoparticle dispersions. It was shown that the presence of traces of polysorbate 80 in the dispersion leads to an overestimation of the amount of bovine serum albumin remaining free in the dispersion medium when determined by both radial immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. However, traces of poloxamer 188 did not result in clear perturbed migrations. These methods are not appropriate to perform adsorption isotherms of proteins on nanoparticle dispersions containing traces of remaining free surfactant. They should only be applied on dispersions that are free of surfactant that is not associated with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia IQAC-CSIC and CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.
| | - Gabriela Calderó
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia IQAC-CSIC and CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia IQAC-CSIC and CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Christine Vauthier
- Université Paris Sud, Physico-chimie Pharmacotechnique Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296, France
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