Gasperin-Bulbarela J, Cabanillas-Bernal O, Dueñas S, Licea-Navarro AF. Preparation of Immune and Synthetic VNAR Libraries as Sources of High-Affinity Binders.
Methods Mol Biol 2022;
2446:71-93. [PMID:
35157269 DOI:
10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_4]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The shark-derived autonomous variable antibody domains known as VNARs are attractive tools for therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their favorable properties like small size (approximately 12 kDa), high thermal and chemical stability, and good tissue penetration. Currently, different techniques have been reported to generate VNAR domains against targets of therapeutic interest. Here, we describe methods for the preparation of an immune VNAR library based on bacteriophage display, and for the preparation of a synthetic library of VNAR domains using a modified protocol based on Kunkel mutagenesis. Finally, we describe procedures for in silico maturation of a VNAR using a bioinformatic approach to obtain higher affinity binders.
Collapse