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Gnanasekaran KK, Pouland T, Bunce RA, Darrell Berlin K, Abuskhuna S, Bhandari D, Mashayekhi M, Zhou DH, Benbrook DM. Tetrahydroquinoline units in flexible heteroarotinoids (Flex-Hets) convey anti-cancer properties in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115244. [PMID: 31831296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SHetA2 (NSC 721689), our lead Flex-Het anti-cancer agent, consists of a thiochroman (Ring A) and a 4-nitrophenyl (Ring B) linked by a thiourea bridge. In this work, several series of new analogs having a tetrahydroquinoline (THQ, Ring A) unit connected by a urea or thiourea linker to a 4-substituted phenyl (Ring B) have been prepared and evaluated relative to SHetA2 in terms of binding affinity with mortalin and inhibition of A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Six of the derivatives equaled or exceeded the efficacy shown by SHetA2. Compounds 1a-d (series 1), lacking a methyl on the Ring A nitrogen and the gem-dimethyls on the adjacent carbon, showed only weak activity. Salt 2, the quaternized N,N-dimethyl iodide salt analog of 1a, also possessed very modest growth inhibition in the cell line studied. Series 3 compounds, which had a C3 ketone and an N-methyl replacing the sulfur in Ring A, were most successful. Compound 3a [Ring A = 1,2,2,4,4-pentamethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl; urea linker; Ring B = 4-nitrophenyl] had slightly lower potency (IC50 3.8 μM), but better efficacy (94.8%) than SHetA2 (IC50 3.17 μM, efficacy 84.3%). In addition, 3c and 3d [urea and thiourea linkers, respectively; Ring B = 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] and 3e and 3f [urea and thiourea linkers, respectively; Ring B = 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl] were also evaluated since these agents possessed electron-withdrawing groups with H-bonding capability. All displayed good activity. Compounds 3c and 3e showed improvement in both potency and efficacy compared to SHetA2. In general, when the linker group between Rings A and B was a urea, efficacy values slightly exceeded those with a thiourea linker in the carbonyl-containing THQ systems 3a-g. In contrast, when Ring A possessed the 1,2,2,4,4-pentamethyl-3-hydroxytetrahydroquinolin-6-yl unit (4a-f, series 4), very modest potency and efficacy was observed. Model compound 5, an exact N-methyl THQ analog of SHetA2, demonstrated less potency (IC50 4.5 μM), but improved efficacy (91.7%). Modeling studies were performed to rationalize the observed results.
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Kim B, Park H, Lee SK, Park SJ, Koo TS, Kang NS, Hong KB, Choi S. Systemic optimization and structural evaluation of quinoline derivatives as transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:777-87. [PMID: 27541261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wild type transthyretin (TTR) and mutant TTR misfold and misassemble into a variety of extracellular insoluble amyloid fibril and/or amorphous aggregate, which are associated with a variety of human amyloid diseases. To develop potent TTR amyloidogenesis inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized a focused library of quinoline derivatives by Pd-catalyzed coupling reaction and by the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction. The resulting 2-alkynylquinoline derivatives, (E)-2-alkenylquinoline derivatives, and (E)-3-alkenylquinoline derivatives were evaluated to inhibit TTR amyloidogenesis by utilizing the acid-mediated TTR fibril formation. Among these quinoline derivatives, compound 14c exhibited the most potent anti-TTR fibril formation activity in the screening studies, with IC50 values of 1.49 μM against WT-TTR and 1.63 μM against more amyloidogenic V30 M TTR mutant. That is comparable to that of approved therapeutic drug, tafamidis, to ameliorate transthyretin-related amyloidosis. Furthermore, rationalization of the increased efficacy of compound 14c bearing a hydrophobic substituent, such as chloride, was carried out by utilizing in silico docking study that could focus on the region of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) binding sites. Additionally, the most potent compound 14c exhibited good pharmacokinetics properties. Taken together, the novel quinoline derivatives could potentially be explored as potential drug candidates to treat the human TTR amyloidosis.
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Tanabe G, Xie W, Balakishan G, Amer MFA, Tsutsui N, Takemura H, Nakamura S, Akaki J, Ninomiya K, Morikawa T, Nakanishi I, Muraoka O. Hydrophobic substituents increase the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia'. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3705-15. [PMID: 27325449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using an in silico method, seven analogs bearing hydrophobic substituents (8a: Me, 8b: Et, 8c: n-Pent, 8d: n-Hept, 8e: n-Tridec, 8f: isoBu and 8g: neoPent) at the 3'-O-position in salacinol (1), a highly potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia', were designed and synthesized. In order to verify the computational SAR assessments, their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated in vitro. All analogs (8a-8g) exhibited an equal or considerably higher level of inhibitory activity against rat small intestinal α-glucosidases compared with the original sulfonate (1), and were as potent as or higher in potency than the clinically used anti-diabetics, voglibose, acarbose or miglitol. Their activities against human maltase exhibited good relationships to the results obtained with enzymes of rat origin. Among the designed compounds, the one with a 3'-O-neopentyl moiety (8g) was most potent, with an approximately ten fold increase in activity against human maltase compared to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiang su 210009, PR China
| | - Gorre Balakishan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Telangana University, Nizamabad 503322, Telangana State, India
| | - Mumen F A Amer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Al Arab St 21, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Nozomi Tsutsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Haruka Takemura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Junji Akaki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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