1
|
Hafidi EME, Mortadi A, Graich A, Chahid EG, Laasri S, Moznine RE, Monkade M. Monitoring treatment of industrial wastewater using conventional methods and impedance spectroscopy. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:832. [PMID: 37300576 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to develop and monitor an effective and cost-efficient industrial wastewater treatment system that utilizes sand, fly ash, and hearth ash. The latter two are potentially available and inexpensive industrial waste materials that can be used for filtration. The infiltration percolation method was utilized in a vertical cylindrical column to filter the raw wastewater from a detergent manufacturing plant. The main parameters analyzed before and after treatment included suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and pH. The system successfully achieved significant reductions, including 89% in COD, 73% in BOD5, and 54% in suspended solids (SS), along with a 66% to 99% reduction in heavy metals. The COD/BOD5 rejection ratio decreased from above 4.24 before treatment to below 1.73 after treatment. Furthermore, impedance measurements were carried out across the frequency range of 100 to 1 MHz. The analysis of complex conductivity spectra revealed two Cole-Cole relaxation behaviors, and an equivalent circuit was developed to extract the primary parameters and further investigate both relaxation processes. The results of the electrical parameters deduced from the impedance spectra demonstrated a strong correlation with the parameters obtained through conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El Mokhtar El Hafidi
- Laboratory of Engineering Science for Energy (labSIPE) ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.
| | - Abdelhadi Mortadi
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abderrazzak Graich
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - El Ghaouti Chahid
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Sidi Bennour, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Said Laasri
- Laboratory of Engineering Science for Energy (labSIPE) ENSA, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Reddad El Moznine
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Monkade
- Laboratory Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alaoui SB, Lamy E, Achak M. Assessment of the impact of diluted and pretreated olive mill wastewater on the treatment efficiency by infiltration-percolation using natural bio-adsorbents. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:16305-16320. [PMID: 36181593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study was carried out to treat the olive mill wastewater (OMW) via infiltration percolation process, using low-cost natural adsorbents that could improve the ability of the system to enhance the disposal rate of elimination of pollutant from the OMW. The experimental pilot was composed of three PVC (polyvinyl chloride) columns with 10 cm in diameter and 110-cm height equipped with lateral air entries. Each column was filled with four layers of 10 cm of a mixture of sand (70%), charcoal (20%) and sawdust (10%) respectively. These layers were alternated by four permeable layers of 10 cm of Pouzzolane. To assess the effect of the pretreatment on the efficiency of the system, three types of OMW were used: raw OMW, diluted OMW with domestic wastewater at 1/1(v/v) ratio and OMW pretreated with lime. For the column feed with raw OMW, an average removal of total COD (41%), dissolved COD (54%), NH4-N (40.25%), NO3- (15.76%), total phosphorus (55.63%) and orthophosphate (50.84%) was recorded. The results showed that the column feed with diluted OMW with domestic wastewater was the most efficient one with a removal rate that reached 93.2% of total COD, 86.2% of dissolved COD, 92% of polyphenol, 92% of orthophosphate (OP), 97.2% of total phosphorus (TP) and 81% of NH4-N. The pretreatment of OMW with lime gave the lowest removal rate for all the parameters: total COD (34%), dissolved COD (50%), NH4-N (30%), NO3- (- 21%), total phosphorus (15.19%) and orthophosphate (9.04%). This study demonstrated that the dilution is a way to optimize the efficiency of the system of infiltration-percolation in treating the OMW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Bakri Alaoui
- Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy (LabSIPE), National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
- Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter (TIMR), Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiègne, UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Compiègne, France
| | - Edvina Lamy
- Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter (TIMR), Sorbonne University, University of Technology of Compiègne, UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR, Compiègne, France
| | - Mounia Achak
- Science Engineer Laboratory for Energy (LabSIPE), National School of Applied Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Green Process Engineering, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bourouache M, Mimouni R, Ait Alla A, Hamadi F, El Boulani A, Bihadassen B, Laktib A, Moustaoui F, Aghrouch M. Occurrence and removal of intestinal parasites in two wastewater treatment plants in the south of Morocco. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2021; 19:1425-1434. [PMID: 34900277 PMCID: PMC8617139 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agadir city plans to reuse treated wastewater on a large scale to irrigate these green spaces. This study aims to evaluate the risk of intestinal parasites, to which human and animal populations are exposed during the reuse of treated wastewaters. METHODS Over 21 months, wastewater samples were collected in Bensergao and Mzar wastewater treatment plants, in Agadir city, southern Morocco. The occurrences and removal of intestinal parasites were inspected using the modified Bailenger method. RESULTS The biodiversity of helminths is higher than protozoa, while the protozoa cysts are more abundant and more prevalent. Generally, the highest parasitic loads were recorded during the hot season. For raw waters, the average concentration of protozoa cysts was 173.33 ± 70.81 cysts per L for Bensergao plant and 179.33 ± 129.22 cysts per L for Mzar plant. However, the helminths average concentration was 48.70 ± 39.91 eggs/larvae per L for Bensergao plant and 51.10 ± 31.76 eggs/larvae per L for Mzar plant. The purified water of the Mzar plant does not contain parasites, unlike the Bensergao plant where a small numbers of parasites were detected, included 2.33 ± 1.53 cysts per L for protozoa and 0.45 ± 0.58 eggs/larvae per L for helminths. CONCLUSIONS Considering parasitological risks, the purified waters of Bensergao plant cannot be used without risks to the public health and environment. In contrast, the purified waters and the purified waters disinfected by ultraviolet radiation from the Mzar plant can be used safely to water the green spaces of Agadir city.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bourouache
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - R. Mimouni
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - A. Ait Alla
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - F. Hamadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - A. El Boulani
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - B. Bihadassen
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - A. Laktib
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, BP 8106, Morocco
| | - F. Moustaoui
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, Hassan II Regional Hospital, Agadir, 80000 Morocco
| | - M. Aghrouch
- Medical Analysis Laboratory, Hassan II Regional Hospital, Agadir, 80000 Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Fels L, El Hayany B, El Faiz A, Saadani M, Houari M, Hafidi M. Sludge nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes eggs variation from lagooning, activated sludge and infiltration-percolation wastewater treatment system under semi-arid climate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:570-576. [PMID: 30411287 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and the identification of the helminth eggs load of raw sewage sludge was assessed of three different wastewater treatment systems. The results showed a variety of parasite species with following average concentrations; five taxa belonging to three classes nematodes, cestodes and trematodes were inventoried. The class of nematodes is the most diverse with 5 taxa. It is represented by the eggs of Ascaris sp., Capillaria sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., and Ankylostome sp., then comes the cestodes class, this is represented by the eggs of Tænia sp. The trematode class is represented by Schistosoma sp. The lagooning station of Chichaoua shows the highest load 7 species with Ascaris 21 eggs/g; Capillaria sp., 11 eggs/g; Trichuris sp., 6 eggs/g; Toxocara sp., 2 eggs/g and Ankylostome sp., 1 egg/g; Taenia sp., 2eggs/g; and Schistosoma sp., 1 egg/g. Infiltration-percolation sludge show the presence of 4 species of helminths eggs in sludge from anaerobic settling with different rates: 15 eggs/g for Ascaris sp., 15 eggs/g for Trichuris sp., 13 eggs/g for Capillaria sp., and 8 eggs/g for Taenia sp. However, in sand filter pool, the sludge helminth eggs load was decreased by 47% of Ascaris sp., 85% of Capillaria sp., and 75% of Taenia sp., Nevertheless, an increase of Trichuris eggs load was noted in the second sludge by 17%. Five helminth eggs was detected in primary sludge coming from decantation pools in activated sludge plant in Marrakech, that is Ascaris sp., with a load of 16 eggs/g; Capillaria sp., with 3 eggs/g, Trichuris eggs with 2 eggs/g; Taenia sp., with 4 eggs/g; and Schistosoma sp., with 2 eggs/g. The abatement load of Ascaris sp. with 81% and Schistosoma and Taenia sp., with 100% was noted in biological sludge. Nevertheless, an increase load of Capillaria and Trichuris eggs 81% and 75% respectively was observed in this sludge coming from biological pools. The distribution of parasitic helminth eggs is linked to the differences in demographic and socio-economic status, seasonal variation, physico-chemical characteristic of helminth eggs, and the purification wastewater system performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco.
- Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco.
| | - Bouchra El Hayany
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed El Faiz
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Mustapha Houari
- Laboratoire Mécaniques des Procédés Energétiques et Environnementaux, ENSAT, Université Ibno Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Division Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguérir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|