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Joshi A, Viswanathan SH, Jaiswal AK, Sadeghi K, Bartels L, Jain RM, Pathikonda G, Vanos JK, Middel A, Rykaczewski K. Characterization of human extreme heat exposure using an outdoor thermal manikin. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171525. [PMID: 38458460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Extreme heat is a current and growing global health concern. Current heat exposure models include meteorological and human factors that dictate heat stress, comfort, and risk of illness. However, radiation models simplify the human body to a cylinder, while convection ones provide conflicting predictions. To address these issues, we introduce a new method to characterize human exposure to extreme heat with unprecedented detail. We measure heat loads on 35 body surface zones using an outdoor thermal manikin ("ANDI") alongside an ultrasonic anemometer array and integral radiation measurements (IRM). We show that regardless of body orientation, IRM and ANDI agree even under high solar conditions. Further, body parts can be treated as cylinders, even in highly turbulent flow. This geometry-rooted insight yields a whole-body convection correlation that resolves prior conflicts and is valid for diverse indoor and outdoor wind flows. Results will inform decision-making around heat protection, adaptation, and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Joshi
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shri H Viswanathan
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ankush K Jaiswal
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kambiz Sadeghi
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Lyle Bartels
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rajan M Jain
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gokul Pathikonda
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer K Vanos
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ariane Middel
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Arts, Media and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Konrad Rykaczewski
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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