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Su TY, Chen IL, Yeh TF, Yu HR, Hsu YL, Hung CH, Huang HC. Salivary cytokine - A non-invasive predictor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates. Cytokine 2021; 148:155616. [PMID: 34134911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To find a less invasive method of cytokine detection for premature neonates, we conducted this cohort study to investigate the salivary cytokines and to analyze their correlations with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS Premature neonates younger than 34 weeks of gestational age without maternal or neonatal infection were recruited. Salivary samples were collected on their first (D1) and seventh (D7) days of life. The cytokine levels were detected by MILLPLEX® MAP Human multiplex assay. One-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Totally 125 neonates were enrolled and separated into four groups: control, mild, moderate, and severe BPD group. The salivary levels of D1 interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, and D7 IL-6 (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.000, 0.043, 0.037 and 0.001, respectively) were significantly higher in the BPD groups than in the control group. After adjusting for the gestational age, acid-base equivalent, and absolute neutrophil count, comparing to the control group, the levels of D7 IL-17 became significantly lower in all three BPD groups (p = 0.032, 0.030, and 0.030, respectively) and that of D7 IFN-α2 became significantly lower in the severe BPD group (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Early-life salivary cytokine levels were correlated with the development of BPD in premature neonates. This study provides a novel method to predict BPD early and non-invasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Lun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan (No. 259, Wunhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-Fuh Yeh
- Institute of Maternal-Child Research Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan (No.250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Lun Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No.100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Chun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (No. 123, Dapi Rd., Niaosong Dist., Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan, ROC; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan (No. 259, Wunhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan, ROC
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