Intestinal mucosal flora of the intestine-kidney remediation process of diarrhea with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome in Sishen Pill treatment: Association with interactions between Lactobacillus johnsonii, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP-ase, and Na+-K+-ATP-ase

This study aims to investigate the effect of Sishen Pill on the characteristics of gut mucosal microbiota in diarrhea mice with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome. Fifteen Kunming male mice were randomly divided into Normal control group (C), Model self-healing group (X) and Sishen Pill group (S), with 5 mice/cages. Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the kidney structure. Serum Na⁺-K⁺-ATP-ase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP-ase were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Analysis of intestinal mucosal flora using third-generation high-throughput sequencing. The relative abundance results in the three groups revealed that the dominant bacterial genera: Lactobacillus, Muribaculum and Candidatus-Arthromitus; bacterial species: Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus murinus, and Lactobacillus intestinalis, and differences in the presence of major microbiota between the X and S groups. A positive correlation between Lactobacillus johnsonii and both Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP-ase and Na⁺-K⁺-ATP-ase was found via correlation analysis. Sishen Pill also changed the manufacture of other secondary metabolites, as well as the metabolism of carbohydrates, glycans, energy, lipids, and other amino acids, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. In conclusion, Sishen Pill improved kidney structure, energy metabolism and the diversity and structure of intestinal mucosal flora. In addition, Lactobacillus johnsonii may be a characteristic species of Sishen Pill in treating diarrhea with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.

Bacterial diversity in intestinal mucosa of mice fed with Dendrobium officinale and high-fat diet

This study aimed to explore the effect of Dendrobium officinale (DO) on the diversity of intestinal mucosal flora in high-fat diet mice and provided an experimental basis for the development and research of DO and its series products. Twenty-four mice were randomly assigned to four equal groups of six mice, namely the control (bcm) group, model (bmm) group, Dendrobium officinale (bdm) group, and positive control (bjm) group. Mice in the bdm group were administrated at the dose of 2.37 g·kg^-1·days^-1, and those in bjm group were given the Lipid-lowering decoction at the concentration of 1.19 g·kg^-1·days^-1, and sterile water was used as a placebo control twice a day for 40 consecutive days. We measured the dynamic weight changes and intestinal mucosal flora changes in mice. The analysis showed that DO had a regulatory effect on weight change induced by a high-fat diet in mice. DO could also regulate the changes in the diversity of the intestinal mucosa of mice, which was specifically reflected in the changes of Chao 1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson index. The sample information of the bdm group was relatively concentrated, but the distance from the bmm group was relatively scattered. The relative abundance results showed dominant bacteria phylum (such as Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia) and bacterial genus (such as Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Ochrobactrum) in the intestinal mucosa of the four groups. And significant differences in the major microbiota between the bdm and bjm groups. In addition, DO changed the carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolism of intestinal mucosal flora. To sum up, DO has a regulatory effect on weight change induced by high-fat diet in mice and can improve the diversity of intestinal mucosal flora, promote the abundance of Ochrobactrum, inhibit the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus, and influence the intestinal flora to positively affect high-fat diet-induced negative effects in mice.