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Trivellini A, Carmassi G, Scatena G, Vernieri P, Ferrante A. Molecular and physiological responses to salt stress in salinity-sensitive and tolerant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cultivars. Mol Hortic 2023; 3:28. [PMID: 38115113 PMCID: PMC10731769 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental plants are used to decorate urban and peri-urban areas, and during their cultivation or utilisation, they can be exposed to abiotic stress. Salinity is an abiotic stress factor that limits plant growth and reduces the ornamental value of sensitive species. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify genes associated with tolerance or sensitivity to salinity in two hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) cultivars, 'Porto' and 'Sunny wind'. The physiological and biochemical parameters of plants exposed to 50, 100, or 200 mM NaCl and water (control) were monitored. Salinity treatments were applied for six weeks. After four weeks, differences between cultivars were clearly evident and 'Porto' was more tolerant than 'Sunny wind'. The tolerant cultivar showed lower electrolyte leakage and ABA concentrations, and higher proline content in the leaves. Accumulation of Na in different organs was lower in the flower organs of 'Porto'. At the molecular level, several differential expressed genes were observed between the cultivars and flower organs. Among the highly expressed DEGs, coat protein, alcohol dehydrogenase, and AP2/EREBP transcription factor ERF-1. Among the downregulated genes, GH3 and NCED were the most interesting. The differential expression of these genes may explain the salt stress tolerance of 'Porto'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Carmassi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Scatena
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research - ISPRA, Via del Cedro 38, 57122, Leghorn, Italy
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Omidi M, Khandan-Mirkohi A, Kafi M, Zamani Z, Ajdanian L, Babaei M. Biochemical and molecular responses of Rosa damascena mill. cv. Kashan to salicylic acid under salinity stress. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:373. [PMID: 35896978 PMCID: PMC9327194 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, salinity stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in the world, because it causes damage to many agricultural products and reduces their yields. Oxidative stress causes tissue damages in plants, which occurs with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when plants are exposed to environmental stresses such as salinity. Today, it is recommended to use compounds that increase the resistance of plants to environmental stresses and improve plant metabolic activities. Salicylic acid (SA), as an intracellular and extracellular regulator of the plant response, is known as one of these effective compounds. Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is a medicinal plant from the Rosaceae, and its essential oils and aromatic compounds are used widely in the cosmetic and food industries in the world. Therefore, considering the importance of this plant from both medicinal and ornamental aspects, for the first time, we investigated one of the native cultivars of Iran (Kashan). Since one of the most important problems in Damask rose cultivation is the occurrence of salinity stress, for the first time, we investigated the interaction of several levels of NaCl salinity (0, 4, 8, and 12 ds m- 1) with SA (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) as a stress reducer. RESULTS Since salinity stress reduces plant growth and yield, in this experiment, the results showed that the increase in NaCl concentration caused a gradual decrease in photosynthetic and morphological parameters and an increase in ion leakage. Also, increasing the level of salinity stress up to 12 ds m- 1 affected the amount of chlorophyll, root length and leaf total area, all of which reduced significantly compared to plants under no stress. However, many studies have highlighted the application of compounds that reduce the negative effects of stress and increase plant resistance and tolerance against stresses. In this study, the application of SA even at low concentration (0.5 mM) could neutralize the negative effects of salinity stress in the Rosa damascena. In this regard, the results showed that salinity increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentration of proline, protein and glycine betaine (GB). Overexpression of antioxidant genes (Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), CAT, Peroxidase (POD), Fe-SOD and Cu-SOD) showed an important role in salt tolerance in Damascus rose. In addition, 0.5 mm SA increased the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems and increased salinity tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The change in weather conditions due to global warming and increased dryness contributes to the salinization of the earth's surface soils. Therefore, it is of particular importance to measure the threshold of tolerance of roses to salinity stress and the effect of stress-reducing substances in plants. In this context, SA has various roles such as increasing the content of pigments, preventing ethylene biosynthesis, increasing growth, and activating genes involved in stress, which modifies the negative effects of salinity stress. Also, according to the results of this research, even in the concentration of low values, positive results can be obtained from SA, so it can be recommended as a relatively cheap and available material to improve production in saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Omidi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran.
| | - Azizollah Khandan-Mirkohi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kafi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Zamani
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587, Iran
| | - Ladan Ajdanian
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Babaei
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Thamkaew G, Wadsö L, Rasmusson AG, Gómez Galindo F. The effect of reversible permeabilization and post-electroporation resting on the survival of Thai basil (O. Basilicum cv. thyrsiflora) leaves during drying. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107912. [PMID: 34358981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Horticultural crops have a low tolerance to dehydration. In this paper, we show that the reversible electroporation (200 monopolar, rectangular pulses of 50 µs pulse duration, 760 µs between pulses and nominal field strength of 650 V/cm) of Thai basil leaves followed by 24 h resting before hot air drying at 40 °C enhanced the survivability of the tissues at certain levels of dehydration (moisture ratio = 0.2 and 0.1). However, this increased survival was rather limited. Through measurements of metabolic heat production during resting, rehydration kinetics, respiration and photosynthesis of the rehydrated leaves, we show that resting after the application of a reversible pulse-electric field (PEF) may allow a phase of hardening that has a protective effect on the cells, thus decreasing damage during the subsequent drying phase. Increased preservation of cell vitality would be associated with a more turgid and fresh-like rehydrated product, as cells would have the capacity to retain the rehydration water.
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Mwimba M, Dong X. Quantification of the humidity effect on HR by Ion leakage assay. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3203. [PMID: 33654999 PMCID: PMC7854056 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a protocol to measure the contribution of humidity on cell death during the effector-triggered immunity (ETI), the plant immune response triggered by the recognition of pathogen effectors by plant resistance genes. This protocol quantifies tissue cell death by measuring ion leakage due to loss of membrane integrity during the hypersensitive response (HR), the ETI-associated cell death. The method is simple and short enough to handle many biological replicates, which improves the power of test of statistical significance. The protocol is easily applicable to other environmental cues, such as light and temperature, or treatment with chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musoki Mwimba
- Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Xinnian Dong
- Department of Biology, PO Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Yılmaz FM, Ersus Bilek S. Ultrasound-assisted vacuum impregnation on the fortification of fresh-cut apple with calcium and black carrot phenolics. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 48:509-516. [PMID: 30080578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the simultaneous effect of ultrasound on vacuum impregnation process to enhance infusion of calcium lactate and black carrot phenolics into ready to eat apple tissues. A vacuum - ultrasonic equipment was developed for this purpose and effects of different ultrasound powers (96-198 W) at 35 kHz and stage of ultrasound application at vacuum and restoration periods were investigated. The simultaneous application of 130 W ultrasound during vacuum impregnation did not rupture cellular integrity, but it led to increases in calcium content (13.8%), total phenolics (11.8%), total flavonoids (17.3%), total anthocyanins (24.6%) and antioxidant capacities (23.6%) of apple discs compared to non-ultrasound vacuum impregnation. In addition, total population of psychrophilic and mesophilic microorganisms were enumerated in both black carrot infused and non-infused samples and results showed that ultrasound-assisted vacuum impregnation treatment in the presence of black carrot phenolics were highly effective on inhibition of microorganisms growth in apple discs over storage period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Mehmet Yılmaz
- Adnan Menderes University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 09010 Efeler, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Seda Ersus Bilek
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, 35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Imtiaz M, Ashraf M, Rizwan MS, Nawaz MA, Rizwan M, Mehmood S, Yousaf B, Yuan Y, Ditta A, Mumtaz MA, Ali M, Mahmood S, Tu S. Vanadium toxicity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in red soil: Effects on cell death, ROS and antioxidative systems. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 158:139-144. [PMID: 29677596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural soil contaminated with heavy metals induces toxic effects on plant growth. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vanadium (V) on growth, H2O2 and enzyme activities, cell death, ion leakage, and at which concentration; V induces the toxic effects in chickpea plants grown in red soil. The obtained results indicated that the biomass (fresh and dry) and lengths of roots and shoots were significantly decreased by V application, and roots accumulated more V than shoots. The enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and POD) and ion leakage were increased linearly with increasing V concentrations. However, the protein contents, and tolerance indices were significantly declined with the increasing levels of V. The results about the cell death indicated that the cell viability was badly damaged when plants were exposed to higher V, and induction of H2O2 might be involved in this cell death. In conclusion, all the applied V levels affected the enzymatic activities, and induced the cell death of chickpea plants. Furthermore, our results also confirmed that vanadium ≥ 130 mg kg-1 induced detrimental effects on chickpea plants. Additional investigation is needed to clarify the mechanistic explanations of V toxicity at the molecular level and gene expression involved in plant cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U) 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ali Mumtaz
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan.
| | - Sammina Mahmood
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The process of leaf senescence consists of the final stage of leaf development. It has evolved as a mechanism to degrade macromolecules and micronutrients and remobilize them to other developing parts of the plant; hence it plays a central role for the survival of plants and crop production. During senescence, a range of physiological, morphological, cellular, and molecular events occur, which are generally referred to as the senescence syndrome that includes several hallmarks such as visible yellowing, loss of chlorophyll and water content, increase of ion leakage and cell death, deformation of chloroplast and cell structure, as well as the upregulation of thousands of so-called senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and downregulation of photosynthesis-associated genes (PAGs). This chapter is devoted to methods characterizing the onset and progression of leaf senescence at the morphological, physiological, cellular, and molecular levels. Leaf senescence normally progresses in an age-dependent manner but is also induced prematurely by a variety of environmental stresses in plants. Focused on the hallmarks of the senescence syndrome, a series of protocols is described to asses quantitatively the senescence process caused by developmental cues or environmental perturbations. We first briefly describe the senescence process, the events associated with the senescence syndrome, and the theories and methods to phenotype senescence. Detailed protocols for monitoring senescence in planta and in vitro, using the whole plant and the detached leaf, respectively, are presented. For convenience, most of the protocols use the model plant species Arabidopsis and rice, but they can be easily extended to other plants.
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Shi XM, Song L, Liu WY, Lu HZ, Qi JH, Li S, Chen X, Wu JF, Liu S, Wu CS. Epiphytic bryophytes as bio-indicators of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in a subtropical montane cloud forest: Response patterns, mechanism, and critical load. Environ Pollut 2017; 229:932-941. [PMID: 28784334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing trends of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition due to pollution and land-use changes are dramatically altering global biogeochemical cycles. Bryophytes, which are extremely vulnerable to N deposition, often play essential roles in these cycles by contributing to large nutrient pools in boreal and montane forest ecosystems. To interpret the sensitivity of epiphytic bryophytes for N deposition and to determine their critical load (CL) in a subtropical montane cloud forest, community-level, physiological and chemical responses of epiphytic bryophytes were tested in a 2-year field experiment of N additions. The results showed a significant decrease in the cover of the bryophyte communities at an N addition level of 7.4 kg ha-1 yr-1, which is consistent with declines in the biomass production, vitality, and net photosynthetic rate responses of two dominant bryophyte species. Given the background N deposition rate of 10.5 kg ha-1yr-1 for the study site, a CL of N deposition is therefore estimated as ca. 18 kg N ha-1 yr-1. A disordered cellular carbon (C) metabolism, including photosynthesis inhibition and ensuing chlorophyll degradation, due to the leakage of magnesium and potassium and corresponding downstream effects, along with direct toxic effects of excessive N additions is suggested as the main mechanism driving the decline of epiphytic bryophytes. Our results confirmed the process of C metabolism and the chemical stability of epiphytic bryophytes are strongly influenced by N addition levels; when coupled to the strong correlations found with the loss of bryophytes, this study provides important and timely evidence on the response mechanisms of bryophytes in an increasingly N-polluted world. In addition, this study underlines a general decline in community heterogeneity and biomass production of epiphytic bryophytes induced by increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Meng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Liang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China.
| | - Wen-Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China
| | - Hua-Zheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Qi
- Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Jingdong 676209, PR China
| | - Su Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jia-Fu Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Appraisal Center for Environmental Engineering, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Jingdong 676209, PR China
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Gullner G, Juhász C, Németh A, Barna B. Reactions of tobacco genotypes with different antioxidant capacities to powdery mildew and Tobacco mosaic virus infections. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 119:232-239. [PMID: 28917142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of powdery mildew (Golovinomyces orontii) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with tobacco lines having down or upregulated antioxidants were investigated. Xanthi-nc, its salicylic acid-deficient NahG mutant, a paraquat-sensitive Samsun (PS) and its paraquat tolerant (PT) mutant were used. Cell membrane damage caused by H2O2 was significantly higher in NahG than Xanthi, whereas it was lower in PT than in PS. Leakage of ions from PT was reduced by the powdery mildew infection. On the other hand TMV inoculation led to a 6-fold and 2-fold elevation of ion leakage from hypersensitive resistant NahG and Xanthi leaves, respectively, whereas ion leakage increased slightly from susceptible PS leaves. G. orontii infection induced ribonuclease (RNase) enzyme activity in extracts from Xanthi and NahG (about 200-250% increase) and weakly (about 20-30% increase) from PS and PT lines. Pre-treatment with protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine or protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid very strongly inhibited mildew development on tobacco lines. Our experiments suggest that protein kinases inhibited by staurosporine seem to be important factors, while protein phosphatases inhibited by okadaic acid play less significant role in TMV-induced lesion development. Both powdery mildew and TMV infections up-regulated the expression of PR-1b, PR-1c and WRKY12 genes in all tobacco lines to various extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Gullner
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Juhász
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adél Németh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
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Imtiaz M, Mushtaq MA, Rizwan MS, Arif MS, Yousaf B, Ashraf M, Shuanglian X, Rizwan M, Mehmood S, Tu S. Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA damage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes exposed to vanadium. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:19787-19796. [PMID: 27411539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was done to elucidate the effects of vanadium (V) on photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity in the following chickpea genotypes: C-44 (tolerant) and Balkasar (sensitive). Changes in these parameters were strikingly dependent on levels of V, at 60 and 120 mg V L(-1) induced DNA damage in Balkasar only, while photosynthetic pigments and protein were decreased from 15 to 120 mg V L(-1) and membrane was also damaged. It was shown that photosynthetic pigments and protein production declined from 15 to 120 mg V L(-1) and the membrane was also damaged, while DNA damage was not observed at any level of V stress in C-44. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were increased in both genotypes of chickpea against V stress; however, more activities were observed in C-44 than Balkasar. The results suggest that DNA damage in sensitive genotypes can be triggered due to exposure of higher vanadium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Mushtaq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Xiong Shuanglian
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
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Shankar V, Kumar D, Agrawal V. Assessment of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Mineral Nutrients in Response to NaCl Stress and its Amelioration Through Glutathione in Chickpea. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:267-84. [PMID: 26440314 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress has been reckoned as one of the major threat towards crop productivity as it causes significant decline in the yield. The impact of NaCl stress (0, 1, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg L(-1)) as well as glutathione (10 mg L(-1)) either alone or in combination has been evaluated on the induction of multiple shoots, antioxidant enzymes' activity, lipid peroxidation, relative permeability, concentration of nutrients, photosynthetic pigments, protein and proline content of nodal segments of chickpea after 14 days of culture. The antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were found to be increased under salt stress as well as glutathione-supplemented medium. A significant decrease in the concentrations of chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid was observed under salt stress. Concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, carbon, magnesium and sulphur showed an initial increase up to 10 mg L(-1) NaCl, but a decline was seen at higher NaCl levels. Proline content and malondialdehyde concentration were found to be increased under salt stress. Three isoforms of SOD, one of CAT and four of GPX were expressed during native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. However, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the stressed nodal explants revealed the over-expression of several polypeptide bands related to NaCl stress. These findings for the first time suggest that glutathione (GSH) helps in ameliorating NaCl stress in nodal explants of chickpea by manipulating various biochemical and physiological responses of plants.
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