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Lantz C, Lopez J, Goring AK, Zenaidee MA, Biggs K, Whitelegge JP, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Bitan G, Loo JA. Characterization of Molecular Tweezer Binding on α-Synuclein with Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals a Mechanism for Aggregation Inhibition. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:2739-2747. [PMID: 37936057 PMCID: PMC10959575 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disease that affects 15 million people worldwide, is characterized by deposition of α-synuclein into Lewy Bodies in brain neurons. Although this disease is prevalent worldwide, a therapy or cure has yet to be found. Several small compounds have been reported to disrupt fibril formation. Among these compounds is a molecular tweezer known as CLR01 that targets lysine and arginine residues. This study aims to characterize how CLR01 interacts with various proteoforms of α-synuclein and how the structure of α-synuclein is subsequently altered. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) measurements of α-synuclein/CLR01 complexes reveal that multiple CLR01 molecules can bind to α-synuclein proteoforms such as α-synuclein phosphorylated at Ser-129 and α-synuclein bound with copper and manganese ions. The binding of one CLR01 molecule shifts the ability for α-synuclein to bind other ligands. Electron capture dissociation (ECD) with Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) top-down (TD) mass spectrometry of α-synuclein/CLR01 complexes pinpoints the locations of the modifications on each proteoform and reveals that CLR01 binds to the N-terminal region of α-synuclein. CLR01 binding compacts the gas-phase structure of α-synuclein, as shown by ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS). These data suggest that when multiple CLR01 molecules bind, the N-terminus of α-synuclein shifts toward a more compact state. This compaction suggests a mechanism for CLR01 halting the formation of oligomers and fibrils involved in many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter Lantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jaybree Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Andrew K. Goring
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Muhammad A. Zenaidee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Karl Biggs
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Rachel R. Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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