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Lei X, Xu J, Han H, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang S, Li Y, Ren Y. Fine molecular structure and digestibility changes of potato starch irradiated with electron beam and X-ray. Food Chem 2024; 439:138192. [PMID: 38091788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The change of digestibility of starch irradiated with different types from the perspective of fine structure is not well understood. In this work, the change of internal structure, molecular weight and chain-length distribution, helical structure, lamellar structure, fractal structure and digestibility of native and treated potato starch with electron beam and X-ray was analyzed. Two irradiations caused the destruction of internal structure, the disappearance of growth rings and increase of pores. Irradiation degraded starch to produce short chains and to decrease molecular weight. Irradiation increased double helical content and the thickness and peak area of lamellar structure, resulting in the reorganization of amylopectin and increase of structure order degree. The protected glycosidic linkages increased starch resistance to hydrolase attack, thereby enhancing the anti-digestibility of irradiated starch. Pearson correlation matrix also verified the above-mentioned results. Moreover, X-ray more increased the anti-digestibility of starch by enhancing ability to change fine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Hui Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yihan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yali Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yamei Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, PR China.
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Sipos T, Glavák C, Turbók J, Somfalvi-Tóth K, Donkó T, Keszthelyi S. Analysis of X-ray irradiation effects on the mortality values and hemolymph immune cell composition of Apis mellifera and its parasite, Varroa destructor. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108109. [PMID: 38631557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is one of the most destructive enemies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera all around the world. Several control methods are known to control V. destructor, but the efficacy of several alternative control methods remains unexplored. Irradiation can be one of these unknown solutions but before practical application, the effectiveness, and the physiological effects of ionizing radiation on the host and the parasite are waiting to be tested. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the effects of different doses (15, 50, 100, and 150 Gy) of high-energy X-ray irradiation through mortality rates and hemocyte composition changes in A. mellifera workers and record the mortality rates of the parasite. The mortality rate was recorded during short-term (12, 24, and 48 h) and long-term periods (3, 6, 12, 18, and 24d). The sensitivity of the host and the parasite in case of the higher doses of radiation tested (50, 100, and 150 Gy) been demonstrated by total mortality of the host and 90 % of its parasite has been observed on the 18th day after the irradiation. V. destructor showed higher sensitivity (1.52-times higher than the adult honey bee workers) at the lowest dose (15 Gy). A. mellifera hemocytes were influenced significantly by radiation dosage and the elapsed time after treatment. The higher radiation doses increased plasmatocyte numbers in parallel with the decrease in prohemocyte numbers. On the contrary, the numbers of granulocytes and oencoytes increased in the treated samples, but the putative effects of the different dosages on the recorded number of these hemocyte types could not be statistically proven. In summary, based on the outcome of our study X-ray irradiation can be deemed an effective tool for controlling phoretic V. destructor. However, further research is needed to understand the physiological response of the affected organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Sipos
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Glavák
- Moritz Kaposi Teaching Hospital, Dr. József Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center, Guba Sandor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Janka Turbók
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Somfalvi-Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Donkó
- Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd., Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Keszthelyi
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
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Yao B, Qin T, Zhao C, Zhou Y. Degradation of sulfanilamide in aqueous solution by ionizing radiation: Performance and mechanism. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122681. [PMID: 37802288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide (SA) is an emerging contaminants and the efficient treatment of SA containing wastewater remains a challenge. Herein, SA degradation by gamma irradiation has been systematacially studied. SA (10 mg/L) could be totally removed with 1.5 kGy irradiation. Quenching experiments demonstrated that •OH and eaq- were the predominant for SA degradation. SA degradation was reduced with initial concentration increasing, and the removal was faster with pH increasing in the range of 3.1-10.8. The coexisting matters affected SA degradation through changing reactive species, and the introduction of SO42- and Cl- enhanced SA degradation, while CO32- had a negative impact on SA degradation, and the degradation was insignificantly affected when adding humic acid. Gamma irradiation could remain effective in real water matrixes. In conjunction with LC-MS analysis and DFT calculation, possible degradation pathways for SA were proposed. Gamma irradiation could reduce the toxicity of SA, while several byproducts with more toxic were also formed. Furthermore, gamma/priodate (PI) process was promising to enhance SA degradation and mineralization. k value increased by 1.85 times, and mineralization rate increased from 19.51% to 79.19% when adding PI. This study suggested that ionizing radiation was efficient to eliminate SA in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Caifeng Zhao
- Hunan Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science and Space Breeding, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Lei X, Yu J, Hu Y, Bai J, Feng S, Ren Y. Comparative investigation of the effects of electron beam and X-ray irradiation on potato starch: Structure and functional properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123909. [PMID: 36871691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam (particle radiation) and X-ray (electromagnetic radiation) without radioisotope in the application of material modification have received increasing attention in the last decade. To clarify the effect of electron beam and X-ray on the morphology, crystalline structure and functional properties of starch, potato starch was irradiated using electron beam and X-ray at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 kGy, respectively. Electron beam and X-ray treatment increased the amylose content of starch. The surface morphology of starch did not change at lower doses (< 5 kGy), but starch granules were aggregated with the increase of doses. All treatments decreased crystallinity, viscosity and swelling power but increased solubility and stability properties. The effects of electron beam and X-ray on the starch had a similar trend. Unlike X-ray, electron beam destructed the crystallinity of starch to a lesser extent, thereby increasing thermal stability and freeze-thaw stability. Furthermore, X-ray irradiation at higher doses (> 10 kGy) resulted in outstanding anti-retrogradation properties of starch compared with electron beam treatment. Thus, particle and electromagnetic irradiation displayed an excellent ability to modify starch with respective specific characteristics, which expands the potential application of these irradiations in the starch industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yayun Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Junqing Bai
- Yangling Hesheng Irradiation Technologies Co., Ltd., Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Shuo Feng
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Yamei Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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Nguyen TT, Uthairatanakij A, Srilaong V, Laohakunjit N, Kato M, Jitareerat P. Impact of electron beam irradiation on the chlorophyll degradation and antioxidant capacity of mango fruit. Appl Biol Chem 2021; 64:19. [PMID: 33553856 PMCID: PMC7854327 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-021-00592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At the present, the mechanism of chlorophyll degradation in response to ionizing irradiation in harvested fruits have not been examined. To understand the effect of electron beam (E-beam) irradiation on the chlorophyll degrading pathway in relation to chlorophyll degrading enzymes activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacities of harvested mangoes stored at 13 °C for 16 days were studied. E-beam-treated fruit significantly suppressed the activities of chlorophyll degrading enzymes especially pheophytinase (PPH) and chlorophyll degrading peroxidase (Chl-POX) in the late stage of storage. This resulted in the chlorophyll content being maintained. However, E-beam irradiation did not affect the activities of chlorophyllase (Chlase) and magnesium de-chelatase (MD). The respiration rate, ethylene production, ROS accumulation (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and superoxide radical [O-. 2]) immediately increased after E-beam treatment, following which they significantly decreased in comparison to the control. E-beam treatment enhanced the fruit's antioxidant capacity by activating the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione (GSH) content, and inactivated the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, it did not affect the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), vitamin C content, or total phenolic content. These results imply that E-beam treatment has the potential to delay chlorophyll degradation by suppressing the Chl-POX and PPH activities as well as reduce ROS production via CAT, APX, and SOD activities and GSH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Trung Nguyen
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
| | - Apiradee Uthairatanakij
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Varit Srilaong
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Natta Laohakunjit
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
| | - Masaya Kato
- Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Pongphen Jitareerat
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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Manda K, Kriesen S, Hildebrandt G. The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues. Med Oncol 2020; 37:115. [PMID: 33205219 PMCID: PMC7671986 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-01437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium selenite is often given to moderate the side effects of cancer therapy to enhance the cellular defence of non-cancerous cells. To determine whether sodium selenite during radiotherapy protects not only normal cells but also cancer cells, which would imply a reduction of the desired effect of irradiation on tumour during radiotherapy, the effect of the combined treatment of irradiation and sodium selenite was investigated. Human bronchial cells from carcinoma (A549) and normal tissue (BEAS-2B) were treated with sodium selenite and effects on growth and in combination with radiation on metabolic activity and cell cycle distribution were studied. The influence on radiosensitivity was determined via colony forming assays using different solvents of sodium selenite and treatment schedules. It was shown that sodium selenite inhibits growth and influences cell cycle distribution of both normal and tumour cells. Metabolic activity of normal cells decreased more rapidly compared to that of cancer cells. The influence of sodium selenite on radiation response depended on the different treatment schedules and was strongly affected by the solvent of the agent. It could be shown that the effect of sodium selenite on radiation response is strongly dependent on the respective experimental in vitro conditions and ranges from lead to an initially suspected but ultimately no real radioprotection to radiosensitizing up to no effect in one and the same cell line. This might be a reason for controversially described cell responses to radiation under the influence of sodium selenite in studies so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Kriesen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Hajhamid B, De Souza GM. Irradiation therapy and chewing simulation: effect on zirconia and human enamel. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 65:249-254. [PMID: 33041279 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation therapy (RT) is the main option for head and neck cancer treatment, but it is associated with multiple side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RT associated with chewing simulation on the surface of human enamel and Yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP). METHODS Maxillary premolar cusps and Y-TZP slabs were divided in 7 experimental groups: CO: no RT (control); EZ groups had irradiation applied to both, enamel and zirconia samples (simulating restoration prior to RT); E groups had irradiation applied to enamel only (simulating restoration after RT). RT doses were either 30, 50 or 70 Gray (Gy). Enamel cusps were abraded against zirconia slabs in a chewing simulator (CS - one million cycles/ 80 N/ 60 mm/min, 2 mm horizontal path, artificial saliva, 37˚ C). Zirconia hardness was evaluated before CS; zirconia roughness and enamel volume (wear) were evaluated before and after CS. Hardness and wear data were analyzed by one-way Analysis of Variance and Tukey post hoc test. Roughness was analyzed by Repeated Measures test and Bonferroni test (p=0.05). RESULTS There was no significant effect of enamel or zirconia irradiation on enamel cusp wear (p=0.226), regardless of the irradiation dose used - up to 70 Gy. Irradiation also did not affect Y-TZP surface roughness (p=0.127) and hardness (p=0.964). CONCLUSIONS RT does not promote significant changes to the surface characteristics of zirconia. Irradiated enamel abraded against zirconia does not show higher wear volume when compared to non-irradiated enamel.
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Hajhamid B, Mohammad Rahimi R, F Bahr D, M De Souza G. Effect of ionizing radiation and chewing simulation on human enamel and zirconia. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 65:67-72. [PMID: 32938881 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpor_2019_592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of ionizing irradiation on human enamel and zirconia after chewing simulation. METHODS Twenty enamel and twenty translucent Yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) specimens were divided in 4 groups: Co (control) - no irradiation on enamel cusps/opposing zirconia slabs; E70 - irradiated (70 Gray) enamel cusps/opposing irradiated enamel slabs; Z70 - irradiated zirconia cusps/opposing irradiated zirconia slabs; EZ70 - irradiated enamel cusps/opposing irradiated zirconia slabs. Cusps were abraded against slabs in a chewing simulator (CS - one million cycles, 80 N, artificial saliva, 37˚C). Wear and roughness of zirconia and enamel were analyzed using a stylus profilometer. The abraded enamel was analyzed by Electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and zirconia was characterized by nanoindentation and X-ray diffraction. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used for analysis of wear, Repeated Measures and Bonferroni test for roughness, and hardness and modulus values were compared using Wilcoxan Mann Whitney rank sum test (overall 5% significance). RESULTS Significantly higher volume loss was presented by cusps in the E70 group (p<0.001). Wear was similar between Co and EZ70 groups. There was no significant effect of irradiation on roughness of enamel or zirconia slabs (p=0.072). Irradiated Y-PSZ slabs had significantly higher hardness and modulus than non-irradiated ones and a 7% increase in m phase content was detected after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS The opposing surface characteristics played a more significant role on enamel wear than did ionizing radiation. However, radiation affects Y-PSZ crystalline composition, hardness and modulus of elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beshr Hajhamid
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G1G6
| | - Raheleh Mohammad Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2045
| | - David F Bahr
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2045
| | - Grace M De Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G1G6
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Folcik AM, Pillai SD. A critical review of ionizing radiation technologies for the remediation of waters containing Microcystin-LR and M. aeruginosa. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020; 177:109128. [PMID: 34035564 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms pose threats to human and ecological health due to their release of hazardous toxins. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a potent hepatotoxin, is the most prevalent cyanotoxin found in freshwater blooms. Although produced by many species of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa is most commonly associated with MC-LR production. These blooms are increasing in occurrence in lakes, ponds, and other surface waters and, therefore, require efficient treatment methods to be removed from water supplies. Ionizing radiation technologies offer promising approaches for the removal of organic pollutants in water, including cyanotoxins and cyanobacteria. Gamma irradiation for the degradation of cyano-bacteria and toxins is effective for overall MC-LR degradation as well as reducing cell concentrations. However, gamma irradiation technology involves use of radioactive isotopes and, therefore, may not feasible commercially from a security perspective. Electron beam (eBeam) irradiation technology, which relies on regular electricity to generate highly energetic electrons, is able to achieve the same results without the confounding challenges of radioactive isotopes and related security issues. In this critical review, the current state of the science concerning the remediation of MC-LR and M. aeruginosa with ionizing radiation technologies is presented and future necessary research is discussed.
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Epperly MW, Wipf P, Fisher R, Franicola D, Beumer J, Li S, Brand RM, Falo LD, Erdos G, Greenberger JS. Evaluation of Different Formulations and Routes for the Delivery of the Ionizing Radiation Mitigator GS-Nitroxide (JP4-039). In Vivo 2018; 32:1009-1023. [PMID: 30150422 PMCID: PMC6199586 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The mitochondrial targeted GS-nitroxide, JP4-039, is an effective total body irradiation (TBI) mitigator when delivered intravenously (IV) up to 72 h after exposure. Effective systemic and localized administration to oral cavity/oropharynx and esophagus has been demonstrated. The objective of the study was to establish alternatives to IV administration suitable for JP4-039 delivery to mass casualties. MATERIALS AND METHODS JP4-039 was administered to C57BL/6 mice by topically applied carboxy-methyl-cellulose microneedle arrays (MNAs) or by intramuscular (IM) injection. Three different formulations that have passed Food and Drug Administration review, namely Captisol, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin), and Miglyol-812-N, were used for drug delivery. Intraoral (IO) administration with each formulation was also evaluated. RESULTS All tested formulations and MNAs successfully delivered JP4-039. However, IM delivery of the Miglyol-812-N displayed very efficient and highly reproducible radiation mitigation. CONCLUSION Effective IM delivery of JP4-039 in animal models after TBI or partial-body irradiation suggested the use of the Miglyol-812-N formulation in both medical indications and radiation countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Renee Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Darcy Franicola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Jan Beumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Rhonda M Brand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Louis D Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A.
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Ji HJ, Wang DM, Wu YP, Niu YY, Jia LL, Liu BW, Feng QJ, Feng ML. Wuzi Yanzong pill, a Chinese polyherbal formula, alleviates testicular damage in mice induced by ionizing radiation. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:509. [PMID: 27927244 PMCID: PMC5142375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese medicine Wuzi Yanzong pill (WZYZP) was firstly documented in ancient Chinese medical works "She Sheng Zhong Miao Fang" by Shi-Che Zhang in 1550 AD. The traditional herbal formula is widely used in treating nephrasthenia lumbago, prospermia, erectile dysfunction and male sterility. The present study was to explore the effects of WZYZP on ionizing irradiation-induced testicular damage in mice. METHODS The pelvic region of male mice was exposed to X-rays for inducing testicular damage. The effects of WZYZP on testicular damage were evaluated in terms of testes weight, sperm quantity and motility, testes oxidative status and serum hormone levels. The alterations in testicular structure were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, changes in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression of testes were explored by western blot. RESULTS Pelvic exposure to x-ray induced reduction in testes weight and sperm quality, along with oxidative stress and abnormal testicular architecture in testes. Oral administration of WZYZP for 3 weeks markedly increased testes weight, sperm quantity and motility, and attenuated testicular architecture damage. Meanwhile, WZYZP treatment significantly reversed the reduction of serum testosterone, and decreased testes malondialdehyde (MDA) and Oxidative stress index (OSI) relative to the radiated mice. Additionally, WZYZP effectively prevented the downregulation of PCNA expression in testes induced by x-ray irradiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest WZYZP exhibits ameliorating effects against ionizing irradiation-induced testicular damage in mice, which may be related to its antioxidation.
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Zhang J, Xue X, Han X, Yao C, Lu L, Li D, Hou Q, Miao W, Meng A, Fan S. Vam3 ameliorates total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic system injury partly by regulating the expression of Nrf2-targeted genes. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:455-464. [PMID: 27989754 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vam3, a resveratrol dimer, has been implicated in the regulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the effect of Vam3 on total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) injury is unknown. In this study, we examined whether Vam3could ameliorate hematopoietic system injury induced by TBI. Our results indicated that Vam3 alleviated TBI-induced injury by improving the self-renewal and differentiation of HPCs, and HSCs. Vam3 decreased the intracellular ROS levels in irradiated mice HPCs/HSCs or c-kit positive cells and inhibited apoptosis and DNA damage in LSKs and HPCs after TBI. Vam3 up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and related genes and proteins in irradiated c-kit positive cells in vitro. However, Vam3 did not increase the cell viability or the number of CFU-GM c-kit positive cells in irradiated Nrf2-/- mice but decreased the cellular ROS level. The above data showed that Vam3 ameliorates total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic system injury and that Nrf2 is essential in mediating Vam3's protective effect on the proliferation of c-kit positive cells after irradiation but not its ability to scavenge for free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaolei Xue
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaodan Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chunsuo Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.
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13
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Zhang H, Liu T, Yi S, Gu L, Zhou M. Targeting MYCN IRES in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma with miR-375 inhibits tumor growth and sensitizes tumor cells to radiation. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1301-11. [PMID: 25864587 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYCN oncogene is amplified in 20% of neuroblastomas, leading to its overexpression at both the mRNA and protein levels. MYCN overexpression is strongly associated with advanced disease stage, rapid tumor progression and a worse prognosis. In the present study, we identified microRNA-375 (miR-375) as a negative regulator of MYCN: enforced expression of miR-375 inhibited MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Upon searching the website miRbase for possible miR-375 binding sites within the whole MYCN mRNA, we found that the MYCN 5'-UTR had significant sequence complementarity to miR-375, yet no complementary sequences existed within the MYCN 3'-UTR and coding regions. Enforced overexpression of miR-375 efficiently inhibited MYCN mRNA translation and protein synthesis, via an IRES-dependent mechanism. In athymic nude mouse model with human MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, MYCN downregulation by miR-375 led to inhibition of tumor cell growth and tumorigenicity. In particular, miR-375-regulated inhibition of MYCN translation was enhanced when MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells were exposed to stress stimulation, such as ionizing irradiation (IR), resulting in a remarkable increase in the neuroblastoma's sensitivity to IR-induced cell death. Our results identified a novel mechanism by which IRES-dependent translation of MYCN is repressed by miR-375, particularly during cellular stress, highlighting a potential anticancer strategy: the development of miR-375 as a novel therapeutic agent to treat MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sha Yi
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lubing Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Muxiang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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14
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Terranova N, Rebuzzini P, Mazzini G, Borella E, Redi CA, Zuccotti M, Garagna S, Magni P. Mathematical modeling of growth and death dynamics of mouse embryonic stem cells irradiated with γ-rays. J Theor Biol 2014; 363:374-80. [PMID: 25195003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Following ionizing radiation, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) undergo both apoptosis and block at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The dynamics of cell growth and the transition through the apoptotic phases cannot be directly inferred from experimental data, limiting the understanding of the biological response to the treatment. Here, we propose a semi-mechanistic mathematical model, defined by five compartments, able to describe the time curves of untreated and γ-rays irradiated mESCs and to extract the information therein embedded. To this end, mESCs were irradiated with 2 or 5 Gy γ-rays, collected over a period of 48 h and, at each time point, analyzed for apoptosis by using the Annexin V assay. When compared to unirradiated mESCs, the model estimates an additional 0.2 probability to undergo apoptosis for the 5 Gy-treated cells, and only a 0.07 (not statistically significantly different from zero) when a 2 Gy-irradiation dose is administered. Moreover, the model allows us to estimate the duration of the overall apoptotic process and also the time length of its early, intermediate, and late apoptotic phase.
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15
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Luo Q, Li J, Cui X, Yan J, Zhao Q, Xiang C. The effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on the male rats׳ reproductive system and spermatogenic cell apoptosis exposed to low-dose ionizing irradiation. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154:249-258. [PMID: 24746483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum, a Solanaceous defoliated shrubbery, has been used as a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicines for thousands of years. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is the main bioactive component of Lycium barbarum. The aim of this study was to investigate the radioresistant effect of LBP on the damage of male rats' reproductive system and spermatogenic cells caused by low-dose (60)Co-γ irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated with irradiation and/or LBP: normal control group, irradiation control group 1, irradiation control group 2, irradiation control group 3, LBP + irradiation group 1, LBP + irradiation group 2, and LBP + irradiation group 3. RESULTS It is found that mating function and testis organ coefficient in LBP + irradiation groups were significantly better than that of the corresponding irradiation control groups. LBP significantly up-regulates the expression of Bcl-2 while down-regulating the expression of Bax. And LBP also plays an important role in prevention mitochondrial membrane potential decrease. In addition, LBP can significantly reduce spermatogenic cells apoptosis. CONCLUSION LBP has obvious protective effect on the male rats' reproductive function and spermatogenic dysfunction induced by irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chunyan Xiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Donghu Road 115, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, PR China
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