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Zhang C, Xu M, Yang M, Liao A, Lv P, Liu X, Chen Y, Liu H, He Z. Efficient generation of cloned cats with altered coat colour by editing of the KIT gene. Theriogenology 2024; 222:54-65. [PMID: 38621344 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Coat colour largely determines the market demand for several cat breeds. The KIT proto-oncogene (KIT) gene is a key gene controlling melanoblast differentiation and melanogenesis. KIT mutations usually cause varied changes in coat colour in mammalian species. In this study, we used a pair of single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to delete exon 17 of KIT in somatic cells isolated from two different Chinese Li Hua feline foetuses. Edited cells were used as donor nuclei for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to generate cloned embryos presenting an average cleavage rate exceeding 85%, and an average blastocyst formation rate exceeding 9.5%. 131 cloned embryos were transplanted into four surrogates, and all surrogates carried their pregnancies to term, and delivered 4.58% (6/131) alive cloned kittens, with 1.53% (2/131) being KIT-edited heterozygotes (KITD17/+). The KITD17/+ cats presented an obvious darkness reduction in the mackerel tabby coat. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of skin tissues indicated impaired proliferation and differentiation of melanoblasts caused by the lack of exon17 in feline KIT. To our knowledge, this is the first report on coat colour modification of cats through gene editing. The findings could facilitate further understanding of the regulatory role of KIT on feline coat colour and provide a basis for the breeding of cats with commercially desired coat colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meina Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Alian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Peiru Lv
- Henan Liosio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Henan Liosio Biotechnology Co., Ltd, PR China.
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Nilojan JS, Gobishangar S, Sureska GM, Sarma SIT. Successful excision of a giant stomach gastrointestinal stromal tumour-A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 115:109301. [PMID: 38277983 PMCID: PMC10839640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal stromal tumours are rare, but most common mesenchymal tumours originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Though surgery is the primary treatment, advanced tumours require targeted therapy in combination with surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old lady who presented with abdominal distention and pain was found to have a large abdominal mass. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a large abdominal mass extending from the epigastrium to the pelvis, with a solitary omental deposit. Despite receiving Imatinib for six months, the disease progressed, and she underwent open En block tumour excision with distal gastrectomy and distal pancreatectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy and part of omental resection after multi-disciplinary team discussions. Histological examination confirmed a spindle-type gastrointestinal stromal tumour, which arrived from the stomach's submucosa; immunohistochemistry showed strong cytoplasmic and membranous positivity for CD117. CLINICAL DISCUSSION While rare (0.1-3 % of GI malignancies), GISTs are most common in the stomach (56 %) and small bowel (32 %). Even large tumours can present with vague symptoms without obstructive features. Advanced tumours can be treated with targeted tumour therapy like Imatinib in combination with surgery. Surgical resection, usually laparoscopic, is the gold standard, but open surgery may be needed for large laparoscopically unresectable tumours. CONCLUSION Though large tumours may present with vague symptoms without obstructive features, they tend to be more aggressive and can progress despite imatinib therapy. While laparoscopic surgery is the gold standard, open surgery is preferable for large, laparoscopically unresectable tumours.
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Olteanu EG, Bataneant M, Puiu M, Chirita-Emandi A. When Mast Cells Run Amok: A Comprehensive Review and Case Study on Severe Neonatal Diffuse Cutaneous Mastocytosis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2021. [PMID: 38002964 PMCID: PMC10671269 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (NDCM) is defined as the infiltration of the epidermis by a clonal proliferation of mast cells, observed at birth, without initial signs of systemic involvement. The typical driver mutation is in the KIT gene. We report a rare case of a boy, born at term, already presenting at birth with generalized subcutaneous nodules on the face, scalp, trunk, back, hands, and feet. The spleen, liver, and inflammatory markers were normal at birth. Tryptase was significantly elevated. A bone marrow biopsy showed no mast cell involvement at age 2 months. A punch biopsy at age 2 months revealed CD117-positive cells diffusely infiltrating the skin, with subsequent DNA NGS sequencing for the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE) identifying the pathogenic NM_000222.3:c.1504_1509dup; p.(Ala502_Tyr503dup) variant in the KIT gene previously associated with cutaneous mastocytosis. At 2 years follow-up, he had splenomegaly and multiple cervical and inguinal adenopathy, while the skin nodules persisted, especially on the scalp with accompanying pruritus. He received oral and local sodium cromoglycate, oral antihistamines, antibiotic cream for skin infection, and iron supplementation; however, compliance to treatment was relatively low. The prognosis is difficult to predict, as he developed systemic involvement, failure to thrive, and mild psychomotor delay. A case aggregation of NDCM reported in the literature was performed to provide a comprehensive overview of this rare pathology, to better understand the prognosis. NDCM is a life-threatening disease with severe complications. Almost half had severe complications, such as mast hepatosplenomegaly, adenopathy, bacterial infections, mast cell leukaemia, and systemic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilian-Gheorghe Olteanu
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piaţa Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Bataneant
- Discipline of Pediatrics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Discipline of Genetics and Center of Genomic Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.P.); (A.C.-E.)
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Discipline of Genetics and Center of Genomic Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.P.); (A.C.-E.)
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Li X, Xing X, Liang X, Song C, Yang J, Ren D, Zhou Y. Piebaldism with café-au-lait macules resulting from a novel mutation of KIT gene in a three-generation Chinese family. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13352. [PMID: 37357653 PMCID: PMC10209842 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piebaldism is a rare, autosomal dominant, and congenital pigmentary disorder characterized by stable depigmentation of the skin and white forelock. Mutations in KIT or SLUG genes result in piebaldism. Most individuals with piebaldism have a family history of the disorder. METHODS In this paper, we report a case of piebaldism with café-au-lait macules resulting from a novel mutation of KIT gene c.1982C > T (p.Thr661Ile) in a three-generation Chinese family. The whole-exome sequencing, mitochondrial gene 3000X, and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the mutation in this new-found pedigree. In addition, we searched the databases of "Punmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, CMJD, WANFANG MED ONLINE", reviewed 88 cases of piebaldism caused by KIT gene mutation, and summarized the relationship between clinical phenotype and genotype of piebaldism through logistic regression and other statistical methods. RESULTS The proband and her affected mother carried a heterozygous c.1982C > T missense mutation (p.Thr661Ile) on KIT gene. Bioinformatics analysis hinted that it had potential pathogenicity. The data showed that piebaldism patients with cafè-au-lait macules had KIT mutations almost located in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and were mostly related to the severe clinical phenotype of piebaldism. CONCLUSION The new heterozygous c.1982C > T missense mutation on KIT caused piebaldism with café-au-lait macules in this Chinese family. This study provides a new reference index for clinicians to judge the severity of clinical phenotypes of piebaldism, broadens the understanding of the correlation between clinical phenotypes and genotypes of piebaldism, and provides reference of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Li
- Department of DermatologyThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojing Xing
- Department of DermatologyBeijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqiang Liang
- Department of DermatologyThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Cuihao Song
- Department of DermatologyThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Dan Ren
- Department of DermatologyThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of DermatologyThe First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Jakaria J, Kholijah K, Darwati S, Rahman Q, Daulay WL, Suhendro I, Londra IM, Ulum MF, Noor RR. Open AccessLack of association between coat color abnormalities in Bali cattle ( Bos javanicus) and the coding regions of the MC1R and KIT genes. Vet World 2023; 16:1312-1318. [PMID: 37577199 PMCID: PMC10421557 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1312-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Coat color variations in cattle are known to be influenced by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) genes. The presence of coat color abnormalities, such as white spots and albinism, in Bali cattle was the focus of this study. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of MC1R and exons 2 and 3 of KIT associated with coat color abnormalities in Bali cattle. Materials and Methods The study included the analysis of 48 Bali cattle, including 20 individuals with standard coat color, 15 with white spots, and 13 with albinism. Total DNA was extracted using a DNA Extraction Kit, and MC1R (coding region) and KIT (exons 2 and 3) gene amplifications were analyzed using forward and reverse primers with polymerase chain reaction product lengths of 1071, 234, and 448 bp, respectively. The determination of MC1R and KIT gene diversity was analyzed through direct sequencing. Melanocortin 1 receptor and KIT gene sequence data were analyzed using BioEdit and MEGA6 to identify SNPs associated with standard and abnormal coat color phenotypes (white-spotted and albino) in Bali cattle. Results No SNPs associated with coat color abnormalities were found in the coding region of MC1R and exons 2 and 3 of KIT genes in Bali cattle. However, the intron two regions of KIT contained the SNP g.70208534A>G, which showed a high degree of diversity. The AA genotype frequency was highest in albino Bali cattle, whereas the G allele frequency was highest and the A allele frequency was lowest in white-spotted Bali cattle. Conclusion The results indicated that standard, white-spotted, and albino coat colors in Bali cattle could not be distinguished by analyzing the MC1R and KIT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakaria Jakaria
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Kholijah Kholijah
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sri Darwati
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Qonita Rahman
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Winni Liani Daulay
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ikhsan Suhendro
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - I. Made Londra
- Agricultural Technology Study Center (BPTP), JL. By Pass Ngurah Rai, Pesanggaran, Denpasar Selatan 80222, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum
- Division of Reproduction and Obstetrics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Rachman Noor
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Zhang F, Wang C, Xu H, Xia X, Luo X, Li K, Han J, Lei C, Chen N, Yue X. Genomic analysis reveals a KIT-related chromosomal translocation associated with the white coat phenotype in yak. J Anim Breed Genet 2023; 140:330-342. [PMID: 36789788 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
White coat pigmentation is a striking phenotype of many domesticated species and has various genetic controls. The Tianzhu White yak, an indigenous breed with a complete white coat, has fascinated Tibetans for centuries. However, the genetic basis of this trait remains unknown. Here, we conducted population genomics analysis and genome-wide association study based on the whole-genome sequencing data of 38 white and 59 non-white-coated yak. The results revealed the presence of KIT-linked Cs alleles characterized by the translocations between chromosomes 6 and 29 in all-white yak. Furthermore, structural variations showed additional duplications of the Cs alleles in white yak compared with colour-sidedness cattle. Interestingly, the Cs alleles associated with the white coat phenotype in yak were found to have introgressed from taurine cattle. Our findings unveil the shared genetic control of the white coat phenotype and its evolution in closely related bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- Extending Station for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology of Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Tianzhu, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Liang X, Lan J, Xu M, Qin K, Liu H, Sun G, Liu X, Chen Y, He Z. Impact of KIT Editing on Coat Pigmentation and Fresh Meat Color in Yorkshire Pigs. CRISPR J 2022; 5:825-842. [PMID: 36315201 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The white coat color of Yorkshire pigs is caused by the dominant white I allele, which has been associated with at least one copy of the 450-kb duplication encompassing the entire KIT gene and a splice mutation (G > A) at the first base of intron 17. The splice mutation in KIT has an adverse effect on pigmentation in mice. Therefore, removing the 450 kb duplications harboring the KIT copy with splice mutations is expected to affect Yorkshire pig pigmentation. In this study, we describe the use of a Yorkshire pig kidney cell strain with the I?/IBe-ed genotype, previously created by CRISPR-Cas9, as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate gene-edited Yorkshire pigs. The removal of the 450 kb duplications harboring the KIT copy with splice mutation did not alter the white coat color of Yorkshire pigs, which was confirmed by the absence of fully mature melanocytes and melanin accumulation in the hair follicles. Except for the improved transcription of tyrosinase, and slight increase in microphthalmia transcription factor and tyrosinase-related protein 1 protein expression, there was no significant impact of the removal of splice mutations on genes and signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT) involved in melanogenesis. However, the removal of the 450 kb duplications harboring the KIT copy with splice mutation substantially improved fresh meat color accompanied by significantly increased red blood cell number, which merits further investigation. Our study provides new insights into the role of structural mutations of the KIT gene in the formation of white coat color and erythropoiesis in Yorkshire pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meina Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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El Hussein S, Chifotides HT, Khoury JD, Verstovsek S, Thakral B. Systemic Mastocytosis and Other Entities Involving Mast Cells: A Practical Review and Update. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3474. [PMID: 35884535 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence in the recent literature suggests that the presentation spectrum of mast cell neoplasms is broad. In this article, we elaborate on recent data pertaining to minor diagnostic criteria of systemic mastocytosis (SM), including sensitive testing methods for detection of activating mutations in the KIT gene or its variants, and adjusted serum tryptase levels in cases with hereditary α-tryptasemia. We also summarize entities that require differential diagnosis, such as the recently reclassified SM subtype named bone marrow mastocytosis, mast cell leukemia (an SM subtype that can be acute or chronic); the rare morphological variant of all SM subtypes known as well-differentiated systemic mastocytosis; the extremely rare myelomastocytic leukemia and its differentiating features from mast cell leukemia; and mast cell activation syndrome. In addition, we provide a concise clinical update of the latest adjusted risk stratification model incorporating genomic data to define prognosis in SM and new treatments that were approved for advanced SM (midostaurin, avapritinib).
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Yue X, Liu B, Han T, Luo N, Lu G, Guo D, Bu F, Wang G. A Novel Germline SDHA Gene Mutation and Co-Occurring Somatic KIT Activating Mutation in a Patient With Pediatric Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor: Case Report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835220. [PMID: 35651799 PMCID: PMC9149216 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of primary CNS tumors. GCTs are more common and mostly observed in pediatric and young adult patients. CNS GCTs are divided into germinomas and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), with different therapeutic strategies depending on diagnosis. Herein, we report a patient with pediatric central nervous system germinoma harboring a somatic KIT p.Y823D and a heterozygous germline SDHA p. T396Nfs*14 mutation detected by next generation sequencing. After surgery, the patient received chemotherapy (temozolomide + nedaplatin + etoposide). This is the first report of a Chinese pediatric patient with CNS GCT harboring concurrent germline SDHA and somatic KIT mutation, which enriches molecular profiles of CNS GCTs and provides more molecular evidence of clinical diagnosis and potential targeted therapy in CNS GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizan Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The Medical Department, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Luo
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The Medical Department, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The Medical Department, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Didi Guo
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The Medical Department, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Fanfeng Bu
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The Medical Department, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China.,The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Xu C, Ren W, Zhang Y, Zheng F, Zhao H, Shang H, Guo W, Yang S. KIT gene mutation causes deafness and hypopigmentation in Bama miniature pigs. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5095-5107. [PMID: 33042408 PMCID: PMC7540160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a common syndromic hearing loss disease. A large group of patients affected by WS were found no mutations in the existed gene panel, indicating that there are still potential genes responsible for WS yet to be detected. In our previous study, we established an autosomal-dominant KIT (OMIM# 164920) mutation (c.2418T>A, p.Asp806Glu) pig pedigree which presented congenital bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss and hypopigmentation, exact the same as human WS. Histological analysis showed nearly normal structures of the organ of Corti, stria vascularis (SV) and spiral neuron ganglions at E85. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited that hair cells started to degenerate at E100, and totally gone at P1. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed disorganization of SV and disappearance of intermediate cells. The absence of endocochlear potentials also demonstrated the dysfunction of stria. Our study demonstrated that KIT mutation (c.2418T>A, p.Asp806Glu) interrupted the development of melanocytes in cochlea, which led to SV malformation and dysfunction, resulting in degeneration of hair cells and finally hearing loss. Therefore, KIT was highly supposed to be a newly found gene associated with WS and be added to the WS related gene screening panel clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Fanjun Zheng
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical SchoolNo. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of EducationBeijing 100853, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and TreatmentBeijing 100853, China
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11
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Li Y, Li X, Liu X, Kang L, Liu X. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Chinese neonates with cutaneous mastocytosis: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520952621. [PMID: 32883129 PMCID: PMC7479863 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520952621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastocytosis is an accumulation of clonal mast cells within tissues and it is most commonly caused by an activating mutation in the KIT gene. In this study, we report a neonatal case who presented with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) at birth. In China, nine other cases of neonatal-onset CM have been reported in the literature since 2006. In those cases, diffuse CM and urticaria pigmentosa were the main symptoms, and mutations in exon 17 at codon 816 in KIT were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children’s Hospital, Cheeloo
College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children’s Hospital, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianghong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children’s Hospital, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Kang
- Department of Neonatology, Qilu Children’s Hospital, Shandong
University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of
Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Zhu L, Yang C, Zhong W, Huang YQ, Zhang Q, Xu WC, Chen YF. KIT-related piebaldism in a Chinese girl. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1321-1328. [PMID: 32220041 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Piebaldism is a rare, autosomal dominant and congenital pigmentary disorder characterized by stable depigmentation of the skin and white forelock. Mutations in KIT or SNAI2 genes result in piebaldism. Most individuals with piebaldism have a family history of the disorder. Herein, we report a 5-month-old Chinese girl with severe piebaldism but no family history thereof. She has white forelock and large patches of depigmentation in the jaw, central anterior trunk, perineum and extremities. We performed whole-exome and Sanger sequencing and identified a de novo KIT mutation (NM_000222.2: c.2657G>A, p.Gly886Val) in exon 18 of KIT in the proband. Currently, this mutation is located in the most extreme C-terminal of the tyrosine kinase domain 2 of the KIT gene amongst all reported mutations and causes a severe clinical phenotype. We further reviewed literature on piebaldism and summarized 79 KIT gene mutations that lead to this disease. Our study may expand knowledge on the genotype-phenotype correlation in piebaldism and serve as a reference for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Guangdong Medical College, College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Guangdong Medical College, College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Cong Xu
- Guangdong Medical College, College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Feng Chen
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Park J, Yoo HM, Sul HJ, Shin S, Lee SW, Kim JG. Genetic Characterization of Molecular Targets in Korean Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. J Gastric Cancer 2019; 20:29-40. [PMID: 32269842 PMCID: PMC7105413 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2020.20.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) frequently harbor activating gene mutations in either KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) and are highly responsive to several selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this study, a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay with an Oncomine Focus Assay (OFA) panel was used for the genetic characterization of molecular targets in 30 Korean patients with GIST. Materials and Methods Using the OFA that enables rapid and simultaneous detection of hotspots, single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion and deletions (Indels), copy number variants (CNVs), and gene fusions across 52 genes relevant to solid tumors, targeted NGS was performed using genomic DNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples of 30 GISTs. Results Forty-three hotspot/other likely pathogenic variants (33 SNVs, 8 Indels, and 2 amplifications) in 16 genes were identified in 26 of the 30 GISTs. KIT variants were most frequent (44%, 19/43), followed by 6 variants in PIK3CA, 3 in PDGFRA, 2 each in JAK1 and EGFR, and 1 each in AKT1, ALK, CCND1, CTNNB1, FGFR3, FGFR4, GNA11, GNAQ, JAK3, MET, and SMO. Based on the mutation types, majority of the variants carried missense mutations (60%, 26/43), followed by 8 frameshifts, 6 nonsense, 1 stop-loss, and 2 amplifications. Conclusions Our study confirmed the advantage of using targeted NGS with a cancer gene panel to efficiently identify mutations associated with GISTs. These findings may provide a molecular genetic basis for developing new drugs targeting these gene mutations for GIST therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Mo Yoo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Jung Sul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Goo Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Brcic I, Kashofer K, Skone D, Liegl-Atzwanger B. KIT mutation in a naïve succinate dehydrogenase-deficient gastric GIST. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:798-803. [PMID: 31124195 PMCID: PMC6771634 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 85% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) harbor mutually exclusive mutations in the KIT or the PDGFRA gene. Among others, known as wild type GIST, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)‐deficient tumors develop due to genetic or epigenetic alterations in any of four SDH genes. Herein, we present a unique case of SDH‐deficient GIST with an unusual heterogeneous SDHA and SDHB staining pattern and mutations detected in the SDHA and KIT gene. A 50‐year‐old patient presented with a 5 cm large gastric tumor with a multinodular/plexiform growth pattern, mixed epithelioid and spindle cell morphology, and focal pronounced nuclear atypia with hyperchromasia and high mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, CD117 and DOG‐1 were positive. SDHB and SDHA stains showed loss of expression in some of the nodules, whereas others presented with an unusually weak patchy positivity. Molecular analysis revealed a point mutation in exon 5 of the SDHA gene and a mutation in exon 11 of the KIT gene. We hypothesize that based on the allele frequency of SDHA and KIT mutations the tumor is best regarded as SDH‐deficient GIST in which the SDHA mutation represents the most likely driver mutation. The identified KIT mutation raises the distinct possibility that the KIT mutation is a secondary event reflecting clonal evolution. This is the first case of a treatment naïve GIST harboring a somatic SDHA and a KIT mutation, challenging the dogma that oncogenic mutations in treatment naïve GIST are mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Skone
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Institute of Pathology and Microbiology, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Hattori M, Ishikawa O, Oikawa D, Amano H, Yasuda M, Kaira K, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Nakano H, Sawamura D, Terawaki SI, Wakamatsu K, Tokunaga F, Shimizu A. In-frame Val 216-Ser 217 deletion of KIT in mild piebaldism causes aberrant secretion and SCF response. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:35-42. [PMID: 29631773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piebaldism is a pigmentary disorder characterized by a white forelock and depigmented patches. Although the loss-of-function mutations in the KIT gene underlie the disease, the intracellular dynamics of the mutant KIT are largely unknown. We herein report a Japanese family with piebaldism in which the affected members showed a mild phenotype. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the functions and intracellular dynamics of the mutant KIT protein. METHODS We performed genetic analyses of the KIT gene using peripheral blood cells. We analyzed the intracellular localization of the mutant KIT protein in HEK293T cells transfected with wild-type (Wt) and/or mutant KIT genes. Immunoprecipitation analyses, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence studies were performed using antibodies against KIT and downstream signaling proteins. Glycosidase digestion analysis was performed to clarify the intracellular localization of KIT protein. RESULTS A genetic analysis revealed a novel heterozygous mutation c.645_650delTGTGTC which results in the in-frame deletion of Val216 and Ser217 in the extracellular domain of KIT. Immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed that the wild and mutant KIT formed a heterodimer after treatment with stem cell factor (SCF); however, the phosphorylation of the downstream signaling factors was decreased. In an immunofluorescence study, the mutant KIT accumulated predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and was sparsely expressed on the cell surface. A glycosidase digestion study revealed that the mutant KIT is predominantly localized in the ER. CONCLUSION These data reveal an aberrant function and intracellular localization of mutant KIT protein in piebaldism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hattori
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Japan Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Amano
- Department of Dermatology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masahito Yasuda
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Terawaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kaori Wakamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Fuminori Tokunaga
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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16
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Vale Rodrigues R, Santos F, Pereira da Silva J, Francisco I, Claro I, Albuquerque C, Lemos MM, Limbert M, Dias Pereira A. A case of multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors caused by a germline KIT gene mutation (p.Leu576Pro). Fam Cancer 2017; 16:267-270. [PMID: 27771813 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) caused by germline KIT gene mutations are an extremely rare autosomal dominant disorder. We report a case of a 21-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of asthenia, palpitations and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. After further clinical evaluation one gastric and two small bowel GISTs were diagnosed, which were surgically resected after neoadjuvant therapy with Imatinib. Diffuse hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Cajal was also seen in the background gastric and small intestinal walls. Somatic mutational analysis of the KIT gene revealed a substitution at codon 576 in exon 11 (p.Leu576Pro) in all tumors and normal ileal mucosa. The germline nature of this mutation was confirmed by mutation analysis in peripheral blood leukocytes. However, she had no familial history of GISTs and her parents did not carry the respective germline mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vale Rodrigues
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Santos
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Pereira da Silva
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Francisco
- Unidade de Investigação de Patobiologia Molecular,, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Claro
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal.,Clínica de Risco Familiar, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Albuquerque
- Unidade de Investigação de Patobiologia Molecular,, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel Lemos
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Limbert
- Serviço de Cirurgia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Dias Pereira
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., Rua Prof. Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Englert-Golon M, Budny B, Burchardt B, Wrotkowska E, Ziemnicka K, Ruchała M, Sajdak S. Genomic mapping of pathways in endometrial adenocarcinoma and a gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in Meckel's diverticulum. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1007-1015. [PMID: 26893683 PMCID: PMC4734229 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the case of a 71-year-old female patient diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed by histopathology. In the course of performing an elective hysterectomy with adnexa removal, a solid tumor located in Meckel's diverticulum (MD) was identified and excised. Due to the unique nature of the lesion, the tumor tissue underwent broad mapping of any genomic alterations once the histopathological examination was completed. The genetic testing was conducted using a high-resolution microarray and resulted in the identification of 45 genomic abnormalities, including 4 chromosomal aneuploidies. Within those regions, alterations of 87 known cancer genes were assigned. The involvement of v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog gene alteration was noted to be a key player for triggering gastrointestinal stromal tumor transformation for this unusual case. A total of 12 genes, showing mutual interaction in different cancer types or involved in diverse cellular processes, were identified. These reported data may shed light on the carcinogenesis of a rare MD tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Englert-Golon
- Surgical Gynecology Clinic of the Gynecological and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Budny
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Burchardt
- Surgical Gynecology Clinic of the Gynecological and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Wrotkowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziemnicka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Sajdak
- Surgical Gynecology Clinic of the Gynecological and Obstetrics Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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18
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Kerkeni E, Boubaker S, Sfar S, Bizid M, Besbes H, Bouaziz S, Ghedira N, Amara A, Manoubi W, Gribaa M, Monastiri K. Molecular characterization of piebaldism in a Tunisian family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:113-6. [PMID: 25910686 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed at performing the molecular characterization of a Tunisian family with piebaldism. METHODS As the proband and her mother showed a severe phenotype, we first chose to screen exons 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17 and 18 of the KIT proto-oncogene by direct sequencing. RESULTS Direct sequencing analysis showed a C to T substitution at 1939 in exon 13 (c.1939C>T) in heterozygous state in the patient and her mother. The mutation was not found in their unaffected family members or normal controls. CONCLUSION Our results provide additional support that mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the KIT gene are responsible for the severe form of piebaldism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kerkeni
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - S Boubaker
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Sfar
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Bizid
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Besbes
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Bouaziz
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - N Ghedira
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Amara
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - W Manoubi
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - M Gribaa
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - K Monastiri
- Research Unit 01/UR/08-14, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Intensive care and Neonatal Medicine, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
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19
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Jia WX, Xiao XM, Wu JB, Ma YP, Ge YP, Li Q, Mao QX, Li CR. A novel missense KIT mutation causing piebaldism in one Chinese family associated with café-au-lait macules and intertriginous freckling. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:635-8. [PMID: 25960657 PMCID: PMC4410829 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s75544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, manifesting as congenital and stable depigmentation of the skin and white forelock. It has been found to be associated with mutations in the KIT or SLUG genes. We report a Chinese piebaldism family including a 28-year-old woman and her 3-year-old son with characteristics of white patches and forelock associated with numerous brown macules and patches. Genomic DNA samples of the proband and her son were extracted from their peripheral blood. One hundred unrelated healthy individuals were used as controls. All coding regions of KIT, SLUG, and NF1 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using exon flanking intronic primers and Sanger sequencings were performed. DNA sequencing revealed heterozygous missense c.2431T>G mutation in exon 17 of the KIT gene in the proband and the affected son. No potentially pathogenic variant was identified in SLUG or NF1 genes. The nucleotide substitution was not found in 100 unrelated control individuals. This study reveals a novel KIT mutation in piebaldism, and it further supports that café-au-lait macules and intertriginous freckling of piebaldism are parts of pigmented anomaly in piebaldism, which does not necessarily represent coexistence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xue Jia
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Min Xiao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ma
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ge
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Mao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Rang Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China ; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kontogianni-Katsarou K, Dimitriadis E, Lariou C, Kairi-Vassilatou E, Pandis N, Kondi-Paphiti A. KIT exon 11 codon 557/558 deletion/insertion mutations define a subset of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with malignant potential. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1891-7. [PMID: 18350628 PMCID: PMC2700416 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the association of the frequency and pattern of KIT and PDGFRA mutations and clinicopathological factors in a group of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
METHODS: Thirty patients with GIST were examined. Exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 of the KIT and exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene were analyzed for the presence of mutations by PCR amplification and direct sequencing.
RESULTS: KIT or PDGFRA mutations were detected in 21 of the 30 patients (70%). Sixteen patients had mutations within KIT exon 11, three within KIT exon 9, and two within PDGFRA exon 18. GISTs with KIT exon 9 mutations were predominantly located in the small intestine, showed a spindle cell phenotype, and were assessed as potentially malignant. GISTs with KIT exon 11 mutations were located in the stomach and intestine, showed mainly a spindle cell phenotype, and were scored as potentially malignant (P < 0.05). Tumors with KIT exon 11 codon 557/558 deletion/insertion mutations were found to be associated with a potentially malignant clinical behaviour (P < 0.003). GISTs with PDGFRA mutations located in stomach showed a mixed cell phenotype and were classified as of very low or low moderate malignant potential.
CONCLUSION: Determination of KIT and PDGFRA mutations should be additional parameters for the better prediction of GISTs clinical behaviour. Tumors with deletion/insertion mutations affecting codons 557/558 of the KIT gene seem to represent a distinct subset of malignant GISTs.
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