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Pan L, Cheng C, Duan P, Chen K, Wu Y, Wu Z. XPO1/CRM1 is a promising prognostic indicator for neuroblastoma and represented a therapeutic target by selective inhibitor verdinexor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:255. [PMID: 34384466 PMCID: PMC8359549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-risk neuroblastoma patients have a 5-year survival rate of less than 50%. It's an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets and the appropriate drugs. Exportin-1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region maintenance 1, plays important roles in the progression of tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic and therapeutic values of XPO1 in neuroblastoma have not been reported. METHODS Correlations between XPO1 expression level and clinical characteristics were analyzed using the Neuroblastoma Research Consortium (NRC) dataset and tissue microarray analysis. Cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis were performed to analyze the anti-tumor effects of verdinexor (KPT-335) in vitro. Western blot and mRNA sequencing were performed to explore underlying mechanism. In vivo anti-tumor effects of verdinexor were studied in a neuroblastoma xenograft model. RESULTS Higher XPO1 levels were associated with advanced stage and poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. The specific inhibitor of XPO1 verdinexor suppressed the neuroblastoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, inhibition of XPO1 suppressed the neuroblastoma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by nuclear accumulation of FOXO1 and RB1 in the neuroblastoma due to the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest by activation of P53 function. CONCLUSIONS XPO1 is a promising prognostic indicator for neuroblastoma and a novel target for antitumor treatment with selective inhibitor verdinexor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiwen Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China.
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Jorquera PA, Mathew C, Pickens J, Williams C, Luczo JM, Tamir S, Ghildyal R, Tripp RA. Verdinexor ( KPT-335), a Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, Reduces Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication In Vitro. J Virol 2019; 93:e01684-18. [PMID: 30541831 PMCID: PMC6364025 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01684-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization of infants and young children, causing considerable respiratory disease and repeat infections that may lead to chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, wheezing, and bronchitis. RSV causes ∼34 million new episodes of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in children younger than 5 years of age, with >3 million hospitalizations due to severe RSV-associated LRTI. The standard of care is limited to symptomatic relief as there are no approved vaccines and few effective antiviral drugs; thus, a safe and efficacious RSV therapeutic is needed. Therapeutic targeting of host proteins hijacked by RSV to facilitate replication is a promising antiviral strategy as targeting the host reduces the likelihood of developing drug resistance. The nuclear export of the RSV M protein, mediated by the nuclear export protein exportin 1 (XPO1), is crucial for RSV assembly and budding. Inhibition of RSV M protein export by leptomycin B correlated with reduced RSV replication in vitro In this study, we evaluated the anti-RSV efficacy of Verdinexor (KPT-335), a small molecule designed to reversibly inhibit XPO1-mediated nuclear export. KPT-335 inhibited XPO1-mediated transport and reduced RSV replication in vitro KPT-335 was effective against RSV A and B strains and reduced viral replication following prophylactic or therapeutic administration. Inhibition of RSV replication by KPT-335 was due to a combined effect of reduced XPO1 expression, disruption of the nuclear export of RSV M protein, and inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.IMPORTANCE RSV is an important cause of LRTI in infants and young children for which there are no suitable antiviral drugs offered. We evaluated the efficacy of KPT-335 as an anti-RSV drug and show that KPT-335 inhibits XPO1-mediated nuclear export, leading to nuclear accumulation of RSV M protein and reduction in RSV levels. KPT-335 treatment also resulted in inhibition of proinflammatory pathways, which has important implications for its effectiveness in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Jorquera
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cynthia Mathew
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pickens
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Colin Williams
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jasmina M Luczo
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Tamir
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reena Ghildyal
- Respiratory Virology Group, Centre for Research in Therapeutic Solutions, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Pickens JA, Tripp RA. Verdinexor Targeting of CRM1 is a Promising Therapeutic Approach against RSV and Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E48. [PMID: 29361733 PMCID: PMC5795461 DOI: 10.3390/v10010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two primary causes of respiratory tract infections are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses, both of which remain major public health concerns. There are a limited number of antiviral drugs available for the treatment of RSV and influenza, each having limited effectiveness and each driving selective pressure for the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Novel broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to circumvent problems with current disease intervention strategies, while improving the cytokine-induced immunopathology associated with RSV and influenza infections. In this review, we examine the use of Verdinexor (KPT-335, a novel orally bioavailable drug that functions as a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, SINE), as an antiviral with multifaceted therapeutic potential. KPT-335 works to (1) block CRM1 (i.e., Chromosome Region Maintenance 1; exportin 1 or XPO1) mediated export of viral proteins critical for RSV and influenza pathogenesis; and (2) repress nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, thus reducing cytokine production and eliminating virus-associated immunopathology. The repurposing of SINE compounds as antivirals shows promise not only against RSV and influenza virus but also against other viruses that exploit the nucleus as part of their viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Pickens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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