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Zhou T, Xing Q, Sun J, Wang P, Zhu J, Liu Z. The mechanism of KpMIPS gene significantly improves resistance of Koelreuteria paniculata to heavy metal cadmium in soil. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167219. [PMID: 37734601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in soil is an important factor endangering plant growth and harming human health through food chains. Koelreuteria paniculata is an important woody plant for ecological restoration of Cd-contaminated soils. In this study, KpMIPS gene of K. paniculata was cloned, and the expressed protein (60 kDa) had 1-phosphate synthase activity. The results showed that KpMIPS significantly promoted root development of K. paniculata and Arabidopsis thaliana, reduced damage to the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana caused by Cd, and decreased transfer of Cd to the aboveground parts of K. paniculata and Arabidopsis thaliana . In the K. paniculata plants overexpressing KpMIPS integrity of the root cells was maintained and the content of pectin and phytic acid was significantly increased. Overexpression of KpMIPS increased the Cd accumulation in the roots and decreased the Cd content in the stems and leaves. Clearly, KpMIPS could regulate the contents of pectin and phytic acid in K. paniculata, thereby passivating Cd2+ and enriching it in the root cell wall, reducing the transfer of free Cd2+ to other parts of K. paniculata, and providing a positive regulatory effect on the Cd resistance of K. paniculata. The results of the study provide a technical introduction for the selection and genetic improvement of target genes regulating heavy metal resistance of plants in phytoremediation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinqin Xing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jikang Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No. 498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, United States of America
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Andonova T, Muhovski Y, Apostolova E, Naimov S, Petkova Z, Teneva O, Antova G, Slavov I, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I. Koelreuteria paniculata Seed Oil-A Rich Natural Source of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Phytocompounds with DNA Protective Potential. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112230. [PMID: 37297478 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is focused on the physicochemical characteristics, chemical composition, and some biological activities of Koelreuteria paniculata seed oil. The glyceride oil, obtained with a Soxhlet apparatus by extraction with hexane, was characterized by a relatively high oil content (over 20%), and it is defined as a non-drying oil (iodine value-44 gI2/100 g) with good oxidative stability (over 50 h). There were identified 11 fatty acids, 6 sterols, 3 tocopherols, and 6 phospholipids, as the last group was reported for the first time. The major components among them were-monounsaturated eicosenoic and oleic acids, β-sitosterol, β-tocopherol, and phosphatidylcholine. The in vitro tests demonstrated DNA protective activity and a lack of cytotoxicity of the oil, data that has been reported for the first time. The in vitro MTT test of the oil on HT-29 and PC3 cell lines did not indicate antitumor activity. The seed oil studied contains valuable bio-components, which have proven benefits for human health, and that is why it could be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Andonova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Life Sciences Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Teneva
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ginka Antova
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliya Slavov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Andonova T, Muhovski Y, Vrancheva R, Slavov I, Apostolova E, Naimov S, Pavlov A, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I. Antioxidant and DNA-Protective Potentials, Main Phenolic Compounds, and Microscopic Features of Koelreuteria paniculata Aerial Parts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061154. [PMID: 35740051 PMCID: PMC9219871 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in plant extracts as a natural source of antioxidants has grown significantly in recent years. The tree species Koelreuteria paniculata deserves attention due to its wide distribution, good adaptability, and growth to the degree of invasiveness in a number of European countries. The purpose of the present study was to analyze flavonoids and phenolic acids of the ethanol extracts from aerial parts of K. paniculata and to screen their antioxidant and DNA-protective activity. HPLC profiling revealed the presence of five flavonoids, with rutin (4.23 mg/g DW), hesperidin (2.97 mg/g DW), and quercetin (2.66 mg/g DW) as the major ones in the leaves, and (−)-epicatechin (2.69 mg/g DW) in the flower buds. Among the nine phenolic acids identified, rosmarinic, p-coumaric, salicylic, vanillic, and gallic acids were the best represented. All the extracts tested showed in vitro antioxidant activity that was determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. The highest activity was recorded in the flower parts (in the range from 1133 to 4308 mmol TE/g DW). The DNA-protective capacity of the flower and stem bark extracts from the in vitro nicking assay performed, as well as the main diagnostic microscopic features of the plant substances, are given for the first time. According to the results obtained, the aerial parts of K. paniculata could be valuable sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Andonova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Life Sciences Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-81-875105
| | - Radka Vrancheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (R.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilya Slavov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Elena Apostolova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Samir Naimov
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (E.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Atanas Pavlov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (R.V.); (A.P.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (I.D.-D.)
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Andonova T, Muhovski Y, Fidan H, Slavov I, Stoyanova A, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I. Chemical Compounds, Antitumor and Antimicrobial Activities of Dry Ethanol Extracts from Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122715. [PMID: 34961185 PMCID: PMC8709055 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. is used in traditional medicine and has various established biological activities, however, the species is considered to be a potentially invasive alien tree species for Bulgarian flora. However, there is still much to be studied about the phytochemical and biological characteristics of the species. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the ethanol extracts of aerial plant parts, by GC-MS analysis, and to thereby evaluate their in vitro antitumor and antibacterial properties. All three extracts were tested against the HT-29 and PC3 tumor cell lines using the MTT assay. Fifty-six components were identified from leaf, flower, and stem bark extracts, and over 10% were the following constituents: pyrogallol, α-terpinyl acetate, neryl acetate, and α-terpinyl isobutanoate. The oxygenated monoterpenes predominated in the extracts, followed by the oxygenated aliphatics and phenylpropanoids. Significant antiproliferative activity on the HT-29 cell line (IC50-21.44 µg/mL and 23.63 µg/mL, respectively) was found for the flower and leaf extracts. Antibacterial activity was established for the following bacteria strains: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus NCTC 10320, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 6027, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380. The stem bark and flower extracts showed better antimicrobial potential. K. paniculata could be considered as a potential source of biologically active substances with antitumor and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Andonova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (I.D.-D.)
| | - Yordan Muhovski
- Life Sciences Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Iliya Slavov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, Faculty of Technology, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv, Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.A.); (I.D.-D.)
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Ljubojević M, Tomić M, Simikić M, Savin L, Narandžić T, Pušić M, Grubač M, Marinković M. Koelreuteria paniculata invasiveness, yielding capacity and harvest date influence on biodiesel feedstock properties. J Environ Manage 2021; 295:113102. [PMID: 34157540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., high abundance in Novi Sad (Serbia) and previously confirmed biodiesel feedstock suitability, this study aimed to assess generative potential and yield, assess K. paniculata invasive risk, and investigate the influence of harvesting periods on the oil content and quality. Fifty-five specimens present in the Novi Sad inner-city core exhibited very high scores in the conducted invasiveness risk assessment (score 35/39). Determined good overall adaptability, growth and development, vitality and decorativeness of K. paniculata specimens, as well as the absence of phytopathological and entomological damages, due to lack of natural enemies, provided this species high unhindered yielding. The majority of investigated trees reached 5-10 m in height and canopy volumes from 10.1 to 70 m3, with an estimated more than 130 000-700 000 seeds produced per canopy. Seeds from one representative specimen were collected on different harvesting dates, at the end of August, September and October of 2019, and analyzed for oil content and quality for biodiesel production. With the average oil percentage of 22.8 w%, determined in the representative specimen, investigated 55 seed-bearing K. paniculata trees merely in the inner city core of Novi Sad, could produce 115 kg of oil. Since oil properties (<1 w% of free fatty acids and the acid number <2 mgKOH.g-1) and fatty acid profile (high content of monounsaturated fatty acids ≈72 w%) fit the requirements set in EN14214 biodiesel standard, regardless of the harvest date, harvest season can be extended to at least three months without compromising the oil quality for biodiesel production. Thus, intrinsic disservice of K. paniculata - high seed yielding can be shifted into a novel ecosystem service - quality biodiesel production. Aiming to avoid viable seed deposition in the ground and formation of the invasive seed bank, early August harvest can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ljubojević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Milan Tomić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Mirko Simikić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Lazar Savin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Tijana Narandžić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Magdalena Pušić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Milica Grubač
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Marina Marinković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Martins-Noguerol R, DeAndrés-Gil C, Garcés R, Salas J, Martínez-Force E, Moreno-Pérez A. Characterization of the acyl-ACP thioesterases from Koelreuteria paniculata reveals a new type of FatB thioesterase. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05237. [PMID: 33102858 PMCID: PMC7569226 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Koelreuteria paniculata is a deciduous tree, popular in temperate regions for its ornamental value, which accumulates unusual cyanolipids in its seeds. The seed oil of this plant is rich in the unusual cis-11-eicosenoic fatty acid (20:1, or gondoic acid), a monounsaturated oil of interest to the oleochemical industry. In higher plants, de novo fatty acid biosynthesis takes place in the plastids, a process that is terminated by hydrolysis of the thioester bond between the acyl moiety and the ACP by acyl-ACP thioesterases. The specificity of acyl-ACP thioesterases is fundamental in controlling the fatty acid composition of seed oil. To determine the mechanisms involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in K. paniculata seeds, we isolated, cloned and sequenced two cDNAs encoding acyl-ACP thioesterases in this plant, KpFatA and KpFatB. Both of them were expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli and characterized with different acyl-ACP substrates. The K. paniculata FatB2 displayed unusual substrate specificity, so that unlike most FatB2 type enzymes, it displayed preference for oleoyl-ACP instead of palmitoyl-ACP. This specificity was consistent with the changes in E. coli and N. benthamiana fatty acid composition following heterologous expression of this enzyme. KpFatB also showed certain genetic divergence relative to other FatB-type thioesterases and when modelled, its structure revealed differences at the active site. Together, these results suggest that this thioesterase could be a new class of FatB not described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Martins-Noguerol
- Group of Genetics and Biochemistry of Seed Lipids, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - C. DeAndrés-Gil
- Group of Genetics and Biochemistry of Seed Lipids, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - R. Garcés
- Group of Genetics and Biochemistry of Seed Lipids, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J.J. Salas
- Group of Genetics and Biochemistry of Seed Lipids, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - E. Martínez-Force
- Group of Genetics and Biochemistry of Seed Lipids, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A.J. Moreno-Pérez
- Group of Genetics and Biochemistry of Seed Lipids, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera km 1, Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Yang LP, Zhu J, Wang P, Zeng J, Tan R, Yang YZ, Liu ZM. Effect of Cd on growth, physiological response, Cd subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Koelreuteria paniculata. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 160:10-18. [PMID: 29783107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Koelreuteria paniculata were cultivated in nutrient solution with different concentrations of Cd (0, 50, 150, 250 and 500 µM) and sampled after 90 days. The resistance, translocation, accumulation and stress responses in Koelreuteria paniculata were investigated by hydroponic experiments. The results showed that Koelreuteria paniculata is an efficient Cd excluder that can tolerate high concentrations of Cd (up to 150-250 µM of Cd). The concentration of Cd never exceeds 5 ppm in leaves and 10 ppm in roots. The high concentration of Cd (≥ 250 µM) had a toxic effect on K. paniculata and significantly restricted the plant growth. The accumulation ability of Cd by different plant tissues followed the sequence of roots > leaves > stems. The bioconcentration factors and translocation factors both were less than 1. Cd has the highest content in the cell wall and is migrated to soluble fractions and organelles at high concentrations. Undissolved Cd phosphate, pectates and protein-bound Cd were the predominant forms. The low concentration of Cd (≤150 µM) promoted the synthesis of soluble proteins, AsA and GSH, while high concentration of Cd clearly inhibited the physiological and biochemical process, caused membrane lipid peroxidation and severe membrane damages, and increased MDA and H2O2 contents. POD, CAT and SOD exhibited positive and effective responses to low concentration Cd stress, but could not remove the toxicity caused by high concentration Cd stress. The content of IAA, GA and ZT decreased and ABA content was significantly increased under high-concentration Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Peng Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Rong Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Yu Zhong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zhi Ming Liu
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA
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Abstract
Bioassay guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. (Sapindaceae), resulted in the isolation and identification of three new triterpenoid saponins 1-3 named Paniculatosoid A-C, along with eleven known compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR experiments, HRESIMS, and comparison with literature data. The occurrence of tridesmosidic saponin is reported for the first time from family Sapindaceae, as well as it is rarely found in natural saponins. Compounds 4-13 were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial and antileishmanial activities. Compound 12 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with an IC50 value of 101 μM. Compounds 12 and 13 showed antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) Plasmodium falciparum protozoan with IC50 values of 6.46 and 6.95 μM, and against chloroquine-resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum protozoan with IC50 values of 9.34 and 4.18 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad E. Mostafa
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Atef A. El-Hela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Abd-Elsalam I. Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Al-Azhar, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Stephen J. Cutler
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Samir A. Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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