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Al-Khayri JM, Alshegaihi RM, Mahgoub ELI, Mansour E, Atallah OO, Sattar MN, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Aldaej MI, Hassanin AA. Association of High and Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits with Gluten Strength in Tetraploid Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum spp. Durum L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 36987104 PMCID: PMC10051775 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The gluten strength and the composition of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMWGSs and LMWGSs) of fifty-one durum wheat genotypes were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation testing and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This study examined the allelic variability and the composition of HMWGSs and LMWGSs in T. durum wheat genotypes. SDS-PAGE was proven to be a successful method for identifying HMWGS and LMWGS alleles and their importance in determining the dough quality. The evaluated durum wheat genotypes with HMWGS alleles 7+8, 7+9, 13+16, and 17+18 were highly correlated with improved dough strength. The genotypes containing the LMW-2 allele displayed stronger gluten than those with the LMW-1 allele. The comparative in silico analysis indicated that Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-B3 possessed a typical primary structure. The study also revealed that the lower content of glutamine, proline, glycine, and tyrosineand the higher content of serine and valine in the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 glutenin subunits, and the higher cysteine residues in Glu-B1 and lower arginine, isoleucine, and leucine in the Glu-B3 glutenin, are associated with the suitability of durum wheat for pasta making and the suitability of bread wheat with good bread-making quality. The phylogeny analysis reported that both Glu-B1 and Glu-B3 had a closer evolutionary relationship in bread and durum wheat, while the Glu-A1 was highly distinct. The results of the current research may help breeders to manage the quality of durum wheat genotypes by exploiting the allelic variation in glutenin. Computational analysis showed the presence of higher proportions of glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine than the other residues in both HMWGSs and LMWGSs. Thus, durum wheat genotype selection according to the presence of a few protein components effectively distinguishes the strongest from the weakest types of gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rana M. Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - ELsayed I. Mahgoub
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Osama O. Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.S.); (M.Q.A.-M.)
| | - Muneera Q. Al-Mssallem
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.S.); (M.Q.A.-M.)
| | - Fatima M. Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed I. Aldaej
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Abstract
A simple strategy for designing salt-based supramolecular gelators comprised of various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and amantadine (AMN) (an antiviral drug) has been demonstrated using a supramolecular synthon approach. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction established the existence of the well-studied gel-forming 1D supramolecular synthon, namely, primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM) synthon in all the salts. Remarkably five out of six salts were found to be capable of gelling methyl salicylate (MS)-an important ingredient in commercially available topical gels; one such selected biocompatible salt displayed an anti-inflammatory response in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) assay, thereby indicating their plausible biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Roy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata - 700032, West Bengal (India), Fax: (+91) 33-2473-2805
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