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Liu J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang T, Tan Y, Zhou B. Investigation of formaldehyde sources and its relative emission intensity in shipping channel environment. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:142-154. [PMID: 38527880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered one of the most abundant gas-phase carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, which can be directly emitted through transportation sources. Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) was used to observe HCHO in the river channel of Wusong Wharf in Shanghai, China for the whole year of 2019. Due to the impact of ship activity, the annual average HCHO level in the channel is about 2.5 times higher than that in the nearby campus environment. To explain the sources of HCHO under different meteorological conditions, the tracer-pair of CO and Ox (NO2+O3) was used on the clustered air masses. The results of the source appointment show that primary, secondary and background account for 24.14% (3.34 ± 1.19 ppbv), 44.78% (6.20 ± 2.04 ppbv) and 31.09% (4.31 ± 2.33 ppbv) of the HCHO in the channel when the air masses were from the mixed direction of the city and channel, respectively. By performing background station subtraction at times of high primary HCHO values and resolving the plume peaks, directly emitted HCHO/NO2 in the channel environment and plume were determined to be mainly distributed between 0.2 and 0.3. General cargo ships with higher sailing speeds or main engine powers tend to have higher HCHO/NO2 levels. With the knowledge of NO2 (or NOx) emission levels from ships, this study may provide data support for the establishment of HCHO emission factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Digitalized Sustainable Transformation, Big Data Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuhao Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sanbao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yibing Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), No. 20 Cuiniao Road, Shanghai 202162, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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