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Ho PWL, Li L, Liu HF, Choi ZYK, Chang EES, Pang SYY, Malki Y, Leung CT, Kung MHW, Ramsden DB, Ho SL. In vivo overexpression of synaptogyrin-3 promotes striatal synaptic dopamine uptake in LRRK2 R1441G mutant mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2886. [PMID: 36624932 PMCID: PMC9927849 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation is a common genetic risk factor of Parkinson's disease (PD). Presynaptic dysfunction is an early pathogenic event associated with dopamine (DA) dysregulation in striatum of the brain. DA uptake activity of DA uptake transporter (DAT) affects synaptic plasticity and motor and non-motor behavior. Synaptogyrin-3 (SYNGR3) is part of the synaptogyrin family, especially abundant in brain. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated interaction between SYNGR3 and DAT. Reduced SYNGR3 expression was observed in human PD brains with unclear reasons. METHODS Here, we further explored whether inducing SYNGR3 expression can influence (i) cellular DA uptake using differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, (ii) striatal synaptosomal DA uptake in a mutant LRRK2R1441G knockin mouse model of PD, and (iii) innate rodent behavior using the marble burying test. RESULTS Young LRRK2 mutant mice exhibited significantly lower SYNGR3 levels in striatum compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) controls, resembling level in aged WT mice. SYNGR3 is spatially co-localized with DAT at striatal presynaptic terminals, visualized by immuno-gold transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Their protein-protein interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Transient overexpression of SYNGR3 in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells increased cellular DA uptake activity without affecting total DAT levels. Inducing SYNGR3 overexpression by adeno-associated virus-7 (AAV7) injection in vivo into striatum increased ex vivo synaptosomal DA uptake in LRRK2 mutant mice and improved their innate marble burying behavior. CONCLUSION Brain SYNGR3 expression may be an important determinant to striatal DA homeostasis and synaptic function. Our preliminary behavioral test showed improved innate behavior after SYNGR3 overexpression in LRRK2 mutant mice, advocating further studies to determine the influence of SYNGR3 in the pathophysiology of DA neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wing-Lok Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Fang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zoe Yuen-Kiu Choi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eunice Eun Seo Chang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shirley Yin-Yu Pang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasine Malki
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ting Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michelle Hiu-Wai Kung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Boyer Ramsden
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shu-Leong Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Tang X, Gonzalez-Latapi P, Marras C, Visanji NP, Yang W, Sato C, Lang AE, Rogaeva E, Zhang M. Epigenetic Clock Acceleration Is Linked to Age at Onset of Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1831-1840. [PMID: 35921480 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is the strongest risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a clinically heterogeneous movement disorder with highly variable age at onset. DNA methylation age (DNAm age) is an epigenetic clock that could reflect biological aging. OBJECTIVES The aim was to evaluate whether PD age at onset is associated with DNAm-age acceleration (difference between DNAm age and chronological age). METHODS We used the genome-wide Infinium MethylationEPIC array to assess DNAm age in discovery (n = 96) and replication (n = 182) idiopathic PD cohorts and a unique longitudinal LRRK2 cohort (n = 220) at four time points over a 3-year period, comprising 91 manifesting and 129 nonmanifesting G2019S carriers at baseline. Cox proportional hazard regression and multivariate linear regression were used to evaluate the relation between DNAm-age acceleration and PD age at onset, which was highly variable in manifesting G2019S carriers (36-75 years) and both idiopathic PD cohorts (26-77 and 35-81 years). RESULTS DNAm-age acceleration remained steady over the 3-year period in most G2019S carriers. It was strongly associated with age at onset in the LRRK2 cohort (P = 2.25 × 10-15 ) and discovery idiopathic PD cohort (P = 5.39 × 10-9 ), suggesting that every 5-year increase in DNAm-age acceleration is related to about a 6-year earlier onset. This link was replicated in an independent idiopathic PD cohort (P = 1.91 × 10-10 ). In each cohort, the faster-aging group has an increased hazard for an earlier onset (up to 255%). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate that DNAm-age acceleration is related to PD age at onset, which could be considered in disease-modifying clinical trials. Future studies should evaluate the stability of DNAm-age acceleration over longer time periods, especially for phenoconverters from nonmanifesting to manifesting individuals. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Tang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paulina Gonzalez-Latapi
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanli Yang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Zhang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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3
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van den Heuvel L, Lim AS, Visanji NP, Huang J, Ghate T, Mestre TA, AlDakheel A, Connolly BS, Gasca-Salas C, Kern DS, Jain J, Slow EJ, Pondal M, Faust-Socher A, Rogaeva E, Tomlinson G, Lang AE, Marras C. Actigraphy Detects Greater Intra-Individual Variability During Gait in Non-Manifesting LRRK2 Mutation Carriers. J Parkinsons Dis 2019; 8:131-139. [PMID: 29480219 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With recent advances in the search for disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) the importance of identifying prodromal markers becomes greater. Non-manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers (NMC) are at risk for developing PD, and provide a population in which to identify possible markers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that NMC have differences in daily activity, fragmentation of sleep, arm swing asymmetry, and movement variability during walking, detectable by actigraphy, as compared to matched control subjects. METHODS Eleven NMC, fourteen PD patients (4 LRRK2-PD, 10 idiopathic PD (iPD)), and twenty-nine controls wore wristbands containing an accelerometer for seven days, and performed a daily walking task. Outcome measures included daily activity, fragmentation of activity, fragmentation of sleep, arm swing asymmetry during walking, and intra-individual variability. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, both NMC and LRRK2/iPD showed higher intra-individual variability in activity during walking compared to healthy controls. Individuals with LRRK2-PD/iPD, but not NMC, tend to have lower activity levels, more arm swing asymmetry and less increase of arm swing with transition from slow to faster walking speed compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION Higher intra-individual variability of gait-associated movements might be a useful biomarker of prodromal PD. These results encourage replication in a larger sample and longitudinal analysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieneke van den Heuvel
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew S Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jana Huang
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taneera Ghate
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiago A Mestre
- Department of Medicine, Parkinson's disease and Movement disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amaal AlDakheel
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara S Connolly
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Gasca-Salas
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Drew S Kern
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Jain
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Slow
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margarita Pondal
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achinoam Faust-Socher
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network/Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Toronto Western Hospital Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Arora S, Visanji NP, Mestre TA, Tsanas A, AlDakheel A, Connolly BS, Gasca-Salas C, Kern DS, Jain J, Slow EJ, Faust-Socher A, Lang AE, Little MA, Marras C. Investigating Voice as a Biomarker for Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2-Associated Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2019; 8:503-510. [PMID: 30248062 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-181389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the potential association between leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations and voice. Sustained phonations ('aaah' sounds) were recorded from 7 individuals with LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (PD), 17 participants with idiopathic PD (iPD), 20 non-manifesting LRRK2-mutation carriers, 25 related non-carriers, and 26 controls. In distinguishing LRRK2-associated PD and iPD, the mean sensitivity was 95.4% (SD 17.8%) and mean specificity was 89.6% (SD 26.5%). Voice features for non-manifesting carriers, related non-carriers, and controls were much less discriminatory. Vocal deficits in LRRK2-associated PD may be different than those in iPD. These preliminary results warrant longitudinal analyses and replication in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi P. Visanji
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tiago A. Mestre
- Department of Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Athanasios Tsanas
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amaal AlDakheel
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara S. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Gasca-Salas
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Drew S. Kern
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Jain
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J. Slow
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Achinoam Faust-Socher
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Max A. Little
- Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Pont-Sunyer C, Bressman S, Raymond D, Glickman A, Tolosa E, Saunders-Pullman R. Disclosure of research results in genetic studies of Parkinson's disease caused by LRRK2 mutations. Mov Disord 2015; 30:904-8. [PMID: 25952684 PMCID: PMC4478096 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of large genetic studies examining both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, whether and how to disclose genetic research results have become pressing questions. The need is particularly acute in the case of LRRK2 research: Movement centers worldwide are recruiting cohorts of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their family members, including asymptomatic carriers. Clinical features and treatment are complex and evolving, and disclosure policies vary at different sites and have been modified during the course of some studies. We present the major ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and honesty that should guide disclosure policies in studies of families with LRRK2 mutations. We make recommendations regarding genetic counseling, policies of either active or passive disclosure, responsibilities of funders to budget for genetic counseling, clinical genetic testing where locally required for disclosure, and aspects of study design to avoid mandatory disclosure whenever feasible. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claustre Pont-Sunyer
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susan Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Glickman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Chikina MD, Gerald CP, Li X, Ge Y, Pincas H, Nair VD, Wong AK, Krishnan A, Troyanskaya OG, Raymond D, Saunders-Pullman R, Bressman SB, Yue Z, Sealfon SC. Low-variance RNAs identify Parkinson's disease molecular signature in blood. Mov Disord 2015; 30:813-21. [PMID: 25786808 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually not established until advanced neurodegeneration leads to clinically detectable symptoms. Previous blood PD transcriptome studies show low concordance, possibly resulting from the use of microarray technology, which has high measurement variation. The Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation predisposes to PD. Using preclinical and clinical studies, we sought to develop a novel statistically motivated transcriptomic-based approach to identify a molecular signature in the blood of Ashkenazi Jewish PD patients, including LRRK2 mutation carriers. Using a digital gene expression platform to quantify 175 messenger RNA (mRNA) markers with low coefficients of variation (CV), we first compared whole-blood transcript levels in mouse models (1) overexpressing wild-type (WT) LRRK2, (2) overexpressing G2019S LRRK2, (3) lacking LRRK2 (knockout), and (4) and in WT controls. We then studied an Ashkenazi Jewish cohort of 34 symptomatic PD patients (both WT LRRK2 and G2019S LRRK2) and 32 asymptomatic controls. The expression profiles distinguished the four mouse groups with different genetic background. In patients, we detected significant differences in blood transcript levels both between individuals differing in LRRK2 genotype and between PD patients and controls. Discriminatory PD markers included genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity and inflammatory disease. Notably, gene expression patterns in levodopa-treated PD patients were significantly closer to those of healthy controls in a dose-dependent manner. We identify whole-blood mRNA signatures correlating with LRRK2 genotype and with PD disease state. This approach may provide insight into pathogenesis and a route to early disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Chikina
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christophe P Gerald
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xianting Li
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Venugopalan D Nair
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aaron K Wong
- Department of Computer Science, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Department of Computer Science, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Susan B Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Beccano-Kelly DA, Kuhlmann N, Tatarnikov I, Volta M, Munsie LN, Chou P, Cao LP, Han H, Tapia L, Farrer MJ, Milnerwood AJ. Synaptic function is modulated by LRRK2 and glutamate release is increased in cortical neurons of G2019S LRRK2 knock-in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:301. [PMID: 25309331 PMCID: PMC4176085 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase-2 (LRRK2) result in familial Parkinson's disease and the G2019S mutation alone accounts for up to 30% in some ethnicities. Despite this, the function of LRRK2 is largely undetermined although evidence suggests roles in phosphorylation, protein interactions, autophagy and endocytosis. Emerging reports link loss of LRRK2 to altered synaptic transmission, but the effects of the G2019S mutation upon synaptic release in mammalian neurons are unknown. To assess wild type and mutant LRRK2 in established neuronal networks, we conducted immunocytochemical, electrophysiological and biochemical characterization of >3 week old cortical cultures of LRRK2 knock-out, wild-type overexpressing and G2019S knock-in mice. Synaptic release and synapse numbers were grossly normal in LRRK2 knock-out cells, but discretely reduced glutamatergic activity and reduced synaptic protein levels were observed. Conversely, synapse density was modestly but significantly increased in wild-type LRRK2 overexpressing cultures although event frequency was not. In knock-in cultures, glutamate release was markedly elevated, in the absence of any change to synapse density, indicating that physiological levels of G2019S LRRK2 elevate probability of release. Several pre-synaptic regulatory proteins shown by others to interact with LRRK2 were expressed at normal levels in knock-in cultures; however, synapsin 1 phosphorylation was significantly reduced. Thus, perturbations to the pre-synaptic release machinery and elevated synaptic transmission are early neuronal effects of LRRK2 G2019S. Furthermore, the comparison of knock-in and overexpressing cultures suggests that one copy of the G2019S mutation has a more pronounced effect than an ~3-fold increase in LRRK2 protein. Mutant-induced increases in transmission may convey additional stressors to neuronal physiology that may eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayne A Beccano-Kelly
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naila Kuhlmann
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Igor Tatarnikov
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mattia Volta
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lise N Munsie
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patrick Chou
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather Han
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Tapia
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada ; Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Alvarez-Castelao B, Gorostidi A, Ruíz-Martínez J, López de Munain A, Castaño JG. Epitope Mapping of Antibodies to Alpha-Synuclein in LRRK2 Mutation Carriers, Idiopathic Parkinson Disease Patients, and Healthy Controls. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:169. [PMID: 25076905 PMCID: PMC4097207 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (Snca) plays a major role in Parkinson disease (PD). Circulating anti-Snca antibodies has been described in PD patients and healthy controls, but they have been poorly characterized. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of anti-Snca reactivity in human subjects carrying the LRRK2 mutation, idiopathic PD (iPD) patients, and healthy controls and to map the epitopes of the anti-Snca antibodies. Antibodies to Snca were detected by ELISA and immunoblotting using purified recombinant Snca in plasma from individuals carrying LRRK2 mutations (104), iPD patients (59), and healthy controls (83). Epitopes of antibodies were mapped using recombinant protein constructs comprising different regions of Snca. Clear positive anti-Snca reactivity showed no correlation with age, sex, years of evolution, or the disability scores for PD patients and anti-Snca reactivity was not prevalent in human patients with other neurological or autoimmune diseases. Thirteen of the positive individuals were carriers of LRRK2 mutations either non-manifesting (8 out 49 screened) or manifesting (5 positive out 55), three positive (out of 59) were iPD patients, and five positive (out of 83) were healthy controls. Epitope mapping showed that antibodies against the N-terminal (a.a. 1–60) or C-terminal (a.a. 109–140) regions of Snca predominate in LRRK2 mutation carriers and iPD patients, being N122 a critical amino acid for recognition by the anti-C-terminal directed antibodies. Anti-Snca circulating antibodies seem to cluster within families carrying the LRRK2 mutation indicating possible genetic or common environmental factors in the generation of anti-Snca antibodies. These results suggest that case-controls’ studies are insufficient and further studies in family cohorts of patients and healthy controls should be undertaken, to progress in the understanding of the possible relationship of anti-Snca antibodies and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Alvarez-Castelao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain ; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Area de Neurociencias, Instituto Biodonostia , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Javier Ruíz-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain ; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Area de Neurociencias, Instituto Biodonostia , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain ; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Donostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Area de Neurociencias, Instituto Biodonostia , San Sebastián , Spain ; Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - José G Castaño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Madrid , Spain
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