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Ruzicka JJ, Chocholouš P. Next generation of flow analysis is based on flow programming. Talanta 2024; 269:125410. [PMID: 38035454 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Concepts of air Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA) and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) are discussed and compared with the performance of a new method based on comprehensive flow programming. The programmable Flow Injection (pFI), miniaturized on the lab-on-valve platform, can perform tasks that can not be done in any other way, such as Auto calibration by a single standard solution or analysis in a flow-batch mode that exactly simulates the traditional manual batch technique. Performance of pFI is documented by examples of nutrient determinations in sea water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Jarda Ruzicka
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic.
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Fernandes SR, Barreiros L, Sampaio-Maia B, Miró M, Segundo MA. Total analysis system for the determination of uremic toxins in human plasma based on bead injection solid phase extraction hyphenated to mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341668. [PMID: 37604622 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (INDS) and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) are two of the most relevant uremic toxins that are recognized to have an essential role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and associated cardiovascular risk. Thus, it is crucial to accurately assess their circulating levels in the body. Aiming at establishing an analytical strategy for quantification of INDS and pCS in human plasma, an automatic on-line micro-solid-phase extraction (μSPE) procedure hyphenated to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection without previous chromatographic separation was herein developed. The bead injection (BI) concept was used to implement the μSPE procedure in the lab-on-valve (LOV) format. After studying the extraction conditions, the anion-exchange OASIS WAX sorbent beads (10 mg) and 99% ACN-H2O (15:85, v/v)-1% (v/v) NH4OH were chosen as sorbent and eluent, respectively, as they provided the highest analyte recoveries. Subsequently, the μSPE-BI-LOV system was hyphenated on-line to a MS/MS detector and the full analytical cycle, comprising sample preparation and analytes detection, was completed in <20 min. The developed μSPE-BI-LOV-MS methodology presented good linearity (r2 > 0.999) for quantification of the target analytes at concentrations ranging from 18 to 360 μg mL-1 in plasma. LOQ values were 2 μg mL-1 for INDS and 7 μg mL-1 for pCS in plasma. Human plasma samples from healthy subjects and individuals with CKD were successfully analyzed using the developed approach. The proposed automatic methodology can be described as an eco-friendly strategy, with a favorable score of 0.64 after greenness evaluation using the AGREE metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa Barreiros
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica / i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Fernandes SR, Barreiros L, Sá P, Miró M, Segundo MA. Automatic and renewable micro-solid-phase extraction based on bead injection lab-on-valve system for determination of tranexamic acid in urine by UHPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021. [PMID: 34410441 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An automatic micro-solid-phase extraction (μSPE) method using on-line renewable sorbent beads followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was established for the determination of tranexamic acid (TXA) in urine. The μSPE method was based on the bead injection (BI) concept combined with the mesofluidic lab-on-valve (LOV) platform. All steps of the μSPE-BI-LOV were implemented by computer programming, rendering enhanced precision on time and flow events. Several parameters, including the type of sorbent, volume and composition of the conditioning solution, washing solution, and eluent composition, were evaluated to improve the extraction efficiency. The best results were obtained with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced mixed-mode sorbent, decorated with sulfonic acid groups (Oasis MCX), and 99% acetonitrile-water (50:50, v/v)-1% ammonium hydroxide as eluent. Chromatographic separation was performed using a BEH amide column coupled to MS/MS detection in positive ionization mode. Good linearity was achieved (R2 > 0.998) for TXA concentrations in urine ranging from 300 to 3000 ng mL-1, with LOD and LOQ of 30 and 65 ng mL-1, respectively. Dilution integrity was observed for dilution factors up to 20,000 times, providing the extension of the upper limit of quantification to 12 mg mL-1. The method was validated according to international guidelines and successfully applied to urine samples collected during scoliosis surgery of pediatric patients treated with TXA.
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Pereira SAP, Bobbink FD, Dyson PJ, Saraiva MLMFS. Automatic evaluation of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition induced by metal-based anticancer compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111399. [PMID: 33706122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An automatic methodology based on micro sequential injection analysis coupled to a lab-on-valve system (termed μSIA-LOV) was developed and used to determine the ability of metal-based anticancer compounds to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) activity. COX-2 may be involved in pathogenesis of cancer and it is overexpressed in several types of solid tumors. Since platinum-based compounds are extensively used in the treatment of cancer, and ruthenium compounds are considered as promising candidates for next generation of non-targeted anticancer drugs, it is interesting to establish whether COX-2 inhibition is relevant to their mode of action. The μSIA-LOV system was optimized and the IC50 values of each compound were calculated. All the results present RSD values less than 2.5%. IC50 values of 9.7 ± 0.6 μM to 207 ± 3 μM were obtained, with the most active inhibitor for COX-2 being rofecoxib with the metal compounds exhibiting IC50 values in the range 13.7 ± 1.6 to 207 ± 3. The results obtained in this work provide significant information about the mechanism of the studied compounds, mostly ruthenium-based compounds, and the role of COX-2 in their mode of action. Moreover, this work confirmed the potential of the μSIA-LOV system as a simple, versatile, robust, and rapid analytical tool for automating the determination of IC50 values of metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A P Pereira
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Felix D Bobbink
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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