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Rahmani Z, Surabhi S, Rojo-Cortés F, Dulac A, Jenny A, Birman S. Lamp1 Deficiency Enhances Sensitivity to α-Synuclein and Oxidative Stress in Drosophila Models of Parkinson Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13078. [PMID: 36361864 PMCID: PMC9657416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition affecting people predominantly at old age that is characterized by a progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and by the accumulation of α-synuclein-containing intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Defects in cellular degradation processes such as the autophagy-lysosomal pathway are suspected to be involved in PD progression. The mammalian Lysosomal-associated membrane proteins LAMP1 and LAMP2 are transmembrane glycoproteins localized in lysosomes and late endosomes that are involved in autophagosome/lysosome maturation and function. Here, we show that the lack of Drosophila Lamp1, the homolog of LAMP1 and LAMP2, severely increased fly susceptibility to paraquat, a pro-oxidant compound known as a potential PD inducer in humans. Moreover, the loss of Lamp1 also exacerbated the progressive locomotor defects induced by the expression of PD-associated mutant α-synuclein A30P (α-synA30P) in dopaminergic neurons. Remarkably, the ubiquitous re-expression of Lamp1 in a mutant context fully suppressed all these defects and conferred significant resistance towards both PD factors above that of wild-type flies. Immunostaining analysis showed that the brain levels of α-synA30P were unexpectedly decreased in young adult Lamp1-deficient flies expressing this protein in comparison to non-mutant controls. This suggests that Lamp1 could neutralize α-synuclein toxicity by promoting the formation of non-pathogenic aggregates in neurons. Overall, our findings reveal a novel role for Drosophila Lamp1 in protecting against oxidative stress and α-synuclein neurotoxicity in PD models, thus furthering our understanding of the function of its mammalian homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Rahmani
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Satya Surabhi
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Francisca Rojo-Cortés
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amina Dulac
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Serge Birman
- Genes Circuits Rhythms and Neuropathology, Brain Plasticity Unit, UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
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Trofimenko E, Homma Y, Fukuda M, Widmann C. The endocytic pathway taken by cationic substances requires Rab14 but not Rab5 and Rab7. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109945. [PMID: 34731620 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis and endosome dynamics are controlled by proteins of the small GTPase Rab family. Besides possible recycling routes to the plasma membrane and various organelles, previously described endocytic pathways (e.g., clathrin-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, CLIC/GEEC pathway) all appear to funnel the endocytosed material to Rab5-positive early endosomes that then mature into Rab7-positive late endosomes/lysosomes. By studying the uptake of a series of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), we identify an endocytic pathway that moves material to nonacidic Lamp1-positive late endosomes. Trafficking via this endocytic route is fully independent of Rab5 and Rab7 but requires the Rab14 protein. The pathway taken by CPPs differs from the conventional Rab5-dependent endocytosis at the stage of vesicle formation already, as it is not affected by a series of compounds that inhibit macropinocytosis or clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The Rab14-dependent pathway is also used by physiological cationic molecules such as polyamines and homeodomains found in homeoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Trofimenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuta Homma
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Elevation in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration triggers exocytosis of lysosomes in many cell types. This chapter describes a method to detect lysosomal exocytosis in mammalian cells, which takes advantage of the presence of an abundant glycoprotein, Lamp1, on the membrane of lysosomes. Lamp1 is a transmembrane protein with a large, heavily glycosylated region that faces the lumen of lysosomes. When lysosomes fuse with the plasma membrane, epitopes present on the luminal domain of Lamp1 are exposed on the cell surface. The Lamp1 luminal epitopes can then be detected on the surface of live, unfixed cells using highly specific monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence microscopy. The main advantage of this method is its sensitivity, and the fact that it provides spatial information on lysosomal exocytosis at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma W Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland at College Park, 2134 Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA.
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Shirakabe A, Fritzky L, Saito T, Zhai P, Miyamoto S, Gustafsson ÅB, Kitsis RN, Sadoshima J. Evaluating mitochondrial autophagy in the mouse heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:134-9. [PMID: 26868976 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy plays an important role in mediating mitochondrial quality control. Evaluating the extent of mitochondrial autophagy is challenging in the adult heart in vivo. Keima is a fluorescent protein that emits different colored signals at acidic and neutral pHs. Keima targeted to mitochondria (Mito-Keima) is useful in evaluating the extent of mitochondrial autophagy in cardiomyocytes in vitro. In order to evaluate the level of mitochondrial autophagy in the heart in vivo, we generated adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 harboring either Mito-Keima or Lamp1-YFP. AAV9-Mito-Keima and AAV9-Lamp1-YFP were administered intravenously and mice were subjected to either forty-eight hours of fasting or normal chow. Thin slices of the heart prepared within cold PBS were subjected to confocal microscopic analyses. The acidic dots Mito-Keima elicited by 561nm excitation were co-localized with Lamp1-YFP dots (Pearson's correlation, 0.760, p<0.001), confirming that the acidic dots of Mito-Keima were localized in lysosomes. The area co-occupied by Mito-Keima puncta with 561nm excitation and Lamp1-YFP was significantly greater 48h after fasting. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that autophagosomes containing only mitochondria were observed in the heart after fasting. The mitochondrial DNA content and the level of COX1/GAPDH, indicators of mitochondrial mass, were significantly smaller in the fasting group than in the control group, consistent with the notion that lysosomal degradation of mitochondria is stimulated after fasting. In summary, the level of mitochondrial autophagy in the adult heart can be evaluated with intravenous injection of AAV-Mito-Keima and AAV-Lamp1-YFP and confocal microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirakabe
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Luke Fritzky
- Core Imaging Facility, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Toshiro Saito
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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Erie C, Sacino M, Houle L, Lu ML, Wei J. Altered lysosomal positioning affects lysosomal functions in a cellular model of Huntington's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:1941-51. [PMID: 25997742 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary and devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin protein. Understanding the functions of normal and mutant huntingtin protein is the key to revealing the pathogenesis of HD and developing therapeutic targets. Huntingtin plays an important role in vesicular and organelle trafficking. Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that integrate several degradative pathways and regulate the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In the present study, we found that the perinuclear accumulation of lysosomes was increased in a cellular model of HD derived from HD knock-in mice and primary fibroblasts from an HD patient. This perinuclear lysosomal accumulation could be reversed when normal huntingtin was overexpressed in HD cells. When we further investigated the functional significance of the increased perinuclear lysosomal accumulation in HD cells, we demonstrated that basal mTORC1 activity was increased in HD cells. In addition, autophagic influx was also increased in HD cells in response to serum deprivation, which leads to premature fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes. Taken together, our data suggest that the increased perinuclear accumulation of lysosomes may play an important role in HD pathogenesis by altering lysosomal-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Erie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Matthew Sacino
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Lauren Houle
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Michael L Lu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Jianning Wei
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
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Tanaka Y, Matsuwaki T, Yamanouchi K, Nishihara M. Increased lysosomal biogenesis in activated microglia and exacerbated neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury in progranulin-deficient mice. Neuroscience 2013; 250:8-19. [PMID: 23830905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, it has been demonstrated that patients with the homozygous mutation in the GRN gene present with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, and there is growing evidence that PGRN is related to lysosomal function. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of PGRN in the lysosomes of activated microglia in the cerebral cortex after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We showed that the mouse GRN gene has two possible coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) sequences that bind to transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal genes. PGRN was colocalized with Lamp1, a lysosomal marker, and Lamp1-positive areas in GRN-deficient (KO) mice were significantly expanded compared with wild-type (WT) mice after TBI. Expression of all the lysosome-related genes examined in KO mice was significantly higher than that in WT mice. The number of activated microglia with TFEB localized to the nucleus was also significantly increased in KO as compared with WT mice. Since the TFEB translocation is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity in the lysosome, we compared ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation that reflects mTORC1 activity. S6K1 phosphorylation in KO mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice. In addition, the number of nissl-positive and fluoro-jade B-positive cells around the injury was significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in KO as compared with WT mice. These results suggest that PGRN localized in the lysosome is involved in the activation of mTORC1, and its deficiency leads to increased TFEB nuclear translocation with a resultant increase in lysosomal biogenesis in activated microglia and exacerbated neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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