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Abdulhai F, Motairek I, Mirzai S, Bazarbachi B, Chamseddine F, Alamer M, Salerno PR, Makhlouf MHE, Deo SV, Al-Kindi S. Quantifying lead-attributable cardiovascular disease burden in the United States. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102565. [PMID: 38599559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Lead exposure has been linked to a myriad of cardiovascular diseases. Utilizing data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, we quantified age-standardized lead exposure-related mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the United States between 1990 and 2019. Our analysis revealed a substantial reduction in age-standardized cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality attributable to lead exposure by 60 % (from 7.4 to 2.9 per 100,000), along with a concurrent decrease in age-standardized CVD DALYs by 66 % (from 143.2 to 48.7 per 100,000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Abdulhai
- Internal medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Issam Motairek
- Internal medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Saeid Mirzai
- Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Basel Bazarbachi
- Internal medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Alamer
- Internal medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pedro Rvo Salerno
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed H E Makhlouf
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Salil V Deo
- Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Division of Cardiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ahmid K, Specht A, Morikawa L, Ceballos D, Wylie S. Lead and other toxic metals in plastic play foods: Results from testing citizen science, lead detection tools in childcare settings. J Environ Manage 2022; 321:115904. [PMID: 36104879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A method development pilot study examining citizen science tools for assessing lead in childcare settings identified plastic food toys as an unexpected potential source of lead and arsenic. Collaborating researchers at three universities sought to develop a low cost, replicable approach for use in childcare centers to identify lead. Through graduate Environmental Health courses at Northeastern and Boston Universities, 197 Plastic Food Toys (PFTs) used in a childcare center were tested for lead using a portable X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument and a colorimetric wipe method for detecting surface lead. The XRF identified concerning levels of lead and co-occurring arsenic in PFTs. The XRF analysis found 8.63% (17/197) of PFTs from the childcare center contained more than 100.00 ppm of lead, the U.S. Consumer Protection Safety Commission's (CPSC) upper regulatory threshold for lead in childrens' products. However, wipes did not detect removable surface lead. Lead concentrations ranged from 6.14 ppm to 11,999.00 ppm with a median of 40.00 ppm. Additionally, 7.10% of all PFTs tested had detectable levels of arsenic which ranged from 9.30 ppm to 1134.42 ppm and had a median value of 113.20 ppm. Arsenic concentrations in 6.60% of PFTs' exceeded the US voluntary standard for arsenic in children's products of 25.00 ppm (adopted from the EU standard). These findings prompted further sampling of similar newly-purchased PFTs. None of the newly-purchased PFTs tested positive for lead or arsenic (0/87). Several other elements were also identified, particularly in the used PFTs. Because these food-like toys are frequently put in children's mouths, we recommend further investigation of PFTs in circulation via citizen science combining the wipe and XRF method as they provide immediate data to participants. Additionally, CPSC should consider a systematic recall of some used PFTs to prevent exposure disparities by socio-economic status and increased surveillance for other toxic metals in new PFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleem Ahmid
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston MA, 02115, USA; Wylie Environmental Data Justice Lab, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Aaron Specht
- Department of Environmental Health, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Larissa Morikawa
- Wylie Environmental Data Justice Lab, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Diana Ceballos
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Sara Wylie
- Department of Anthropology and Sociology, USA; Social Science and Environmental Health Research Institute, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Bouyatas MM, Abbaoui A, Gamrani H. Neurobehavioral effects of acute and chronic lead exposure in a desert rodent Meriones shawi: Involvement of serotonin and dopamine. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101689. [PMID: 31580902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a non physiological metal that has been implicated in toxic processes affecting several organs and biological systems, including the central nervous system. Several studies have focused on changes in lead-associated neurobehavioral and neurochemical alterations that occur due to Pb exposure. The present study evaluates the effects of acute and chronic Pb acetate exposure on serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems within the dorsal raphe nucleus, regarding motor activity and anxiety behaviours. Experiments were carried out on adult male Meriones shawi exposed to acute lead acetate intoxication (25 mg/kg b.w., 3 i.p. injections) or to a chronic lead exposure (0,5%) in drinking water from intrauterine age to adult age. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both acute and chronic lead exposure increased anti-serotonin (anti-5HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (anti-TH) immuno-reactivities in the dorsal raphe nucleus. In parallel, our results demonstrated that a long term Pb-exposure, but not an acute lead intoxication, induced behavioural alterations including, hyperactivity (open field test), and anxiogenic like-effects. Such neurobehavioral impairments induced by Pb-exposure in Meriones shawi may be related to dopaminergic and serotoninergic injuries identified in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
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