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Llanos-Gómez KJ, Aime MC, Díaz-Valderrama JR. The surface of leaves and fruits of Peruvian cacao is home for several Hannaella yeast species, including the new species Hannaella theobromatis sp. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:43. [PMID: 38413427 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
As part of a long-term study aiming to isolate and identify yeast species that inhabit the surface of leaves and fruits of native fine-aroma cacao in the department of Amazonas, Peru, we obtained multiple isolates of Hannaella species. Yeasts of the genus Hannaella are common inhabitants of the phyllosphere of natural and crop plants. On the basis of morphological, and physiological characteristics, and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), we identified five species of Hannaella from the phyllosphere of Peruvian cacao. Four have been previously described: H. phyllophila (isolates KLG-073, KLG-091), H. pagnoccae (KLG-076), H. sinensis (KLG-121), and H. taiwanensis (KLG-021). A fifth, represented by eight isolates (KLG-034, KLG-063, KLG-074, KLG-078, KLG-79, KLG-082, KLG-084, KLG-085), is not conspecific with any previously described Hannaella species, and forms the sister clade to H. surugaensis in the phylogenetic analysis. It has 2.6-3.9% (18-27 substitutions, 2-4 deletions, and 1-3 insertions in 610-938 bp-long alignments), and 9.8-10.0% nucleotide differences (37 substitutions and 14 insertions in 511-520 bp-long alignments) in the LSU and ITS regions, respectively, to H. surugaensis type strain, CBS 9426. Herein, the new species Hannaella theobromatis sp. nov. is described and characterised. The species epithet refers to its epiphytic ecology on its host Theobroma cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J Llanos-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Fitopatología y Micología, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú
| | - M Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jorge R Díaz-Valderrama
- Grupo de Investigación en Fitopatología y Micología, Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú.
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú.
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Álvarez Duarte E, Cepeda N. [Cyberlindnera fabianii: first clinical isolate in Chile]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2021; 38:180-183. [PMID: 34301465 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although considered an unusual etiological agent, Cyberlindnera(Candida)fabianii has been related to septicemia in several reports in recent years. Its doubtful or uncertain identification when using tests such as CHROMagar Candida, API® Candida, API® ID32C or VITEK® MS, leads to an underestimation of the cases produced by this yeast. AIMS To report the first isolation of C. fabianii in Chile and its identification. METHODS The sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was performed. Antifungal susceptibility profiles were obtained by means of the broth microdilution technique. RESULTS The identification was only reached by sequencing the ITS regions, which shows the limited usefulness of the conventional techniques in the identification of some yeast species. A dendrogram shows the phylogenetic relationship of the isolated strain with some other yeast species. CONCLUSION In the identification of fastidious microorganisms or microorganisms whose identification is not completely reliable when using classical or even advanced methodologies, such as mass spectrometry, sequencing techniques are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Álvarez Duarte
- Unidad Micología, Programa Microbiología y Micología, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Cepeda
- Área Química Clínica, Hematología y Uroanálisis, Laboratorio Computarizado, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Abstract
Invasive fungal infections have increased over the last decades and the therapeutic choices to treat them are limited. The antifungal agents currently available are useful and have optimal in vitro activity; however, their activity can be lowered due to the development of fungal resistance. The increase in primary or secondary resistance to some antifungal drugs has led to the search of alternatives such as the combination of drugs or the development of new antifungals. In this paper, the activity of the main families of antifungal drugs, polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, 5-fluorocytosine and other new antifungal drugs, are reviewed. The main resistance mechanisms developed by fungi are also described.
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Raymond Eder ML, Rosa AL. Yeast diversity in Vitis non-vinifera ecosystems. Rev Argent Microbiol 2019; 51:278-283. [PMID: 30638636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of grapes lodges a complex community of yeast species responsible for spontaneous alcoholic fermentation. The study of indigenous Saccharomyces and "non-Saccharomyces" yeasts during grape must fermentation constitutes a major research area in microbial enology. Although there are detailed studies on the microbiota of Vitis vinifera L. grapes, little is known about the diversity of yeast communities present in non-vinifera Vitis ecosystems (i.e., grapes and spontaneously fermenting grape musts). Potentially scientific and/or enological valuable yeast strains from these non-vinifera Vitis ecosystems might never be isolated from V. vinifera L. In this updated review, we summarize relevant aspects of the microbial studies conducted on V. non-vinifera grapes and spontaneously fermenting grape musts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Raymond Eder
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, IRNASUS-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alberto Luis Rosa
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, IRNASUS-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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5
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Davel GO, Mazza M, Refojo N, Taverna CG, Rivas MC, Fernández J, Vivot ME, Mazza MG, Mastromónaco GM, Bueno NS, Molina V, Brero ML, Kornblit F. National production of certified reference fungal cultures. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 51:214-220. [PMID: 30591317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference fungal cultures (RFCs) are essential for the internal quality control of laboratories. The production of these cultures requires standardized procedures (IRAM 14950:2016 and ISO 17034:2016 standards) carried out by a recognized and accredited laboratory. The aim of this work was to produce RFC in paper disks of autochthonous strains, characterized by two, homogeneous and stable reference methods traceable at species level. RFC were produced using 14 regional species (7 yeasts and 7 filamentous fungi) from the fungal culture collection (DMic). Paper disks were impregnated with a culture suspension, dried and packed. Homogeneity, viability, identity and purity were verified. Short- and long-term stability at different temperatures and storage times were studied. Characterization of each strain allowed to confirm its identity and to ensure its traceability at international level. Produced batches were homogeneous and stable at -20±5°C for 30 months. This method of production was adequate to produce homogeneous and stable RFC with phenotypic and genotypic characteristics correctly defined and internationally traceable. Standardized procedures were developed for the production of certified RFC that could be transferred to other microorganisms. Providing RFC that represent regional strains allows laboratories to produce more reliable results with a favorable impact on medical diagnosis, the environment or the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela O Davel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Mazza
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Refojo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza G Taverna
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Rivas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Fernández
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías E Vivot
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta G Mazza
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos (CNCCB) de la Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys M Mastromónaco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445 (B1650WAB), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Bueno
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Molina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Micología Clínica, Departamento Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades infecciosas (INEI), Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Brero
- Centro Nacional de Control de Calidad de Biológicos (CNCCB) de la Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS, "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán"), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 563 (C1282AFF), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Kornblit
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445 (B1650WAB), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cardozo MC, Fusco ÁJV, Carrasco MS. [Yeast microbiota in artisanal cheeses from Corrientes, Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:165-172. [PMID: 29079331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The artisanal cheese from Corrientes (from the Spanish acronym QAC-Queso Artesanal de Corrientes/Artisanal Cheese from Corrientes) is a soft cheese elaborated with raw cow milk and an artisanal coagulant agent. Lactic bacteria contitute the main flora of this cheese although yeasts are also present in high quantities as secondary microbiota and might play a relevant role in cheese ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate yeast occurrence during QAC elaboration and ripening, and the effect of seasonal variation. Yeasts were isolated and purified from raw materials and cheese at different ripening stagesl elaborated during the different seasons. Yeast sample counts were in the order of 103 - 107UFC/ml o UFC/g. Ninety yeast strains were classified: 9 from milk, 28 from the coagulant agent, 10 from curd and 43 from cheese. Candida predominated in milk samples while other yeast genera had low incidence. Candida also predominated in the coagulant agent samples, followed by genera Myxozyma and Debaryomyces. The isolates obtained from cheese belonged to the same genera predominating in the coagulant agent, and showed the same order of prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Cardozo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Ángel J V Fusco
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Marta S Carrasco
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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7
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Vázquez-Quiñones CR, Moreno-Terrazas R, Natividad-Bonifacio I, Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Vázquez-Salinas C. Microbiological assessment of honey in México. Rev Argent Microbiol 2018; 50:75-80. [PMID: 28822595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a product used as a natural sweetener and in several regions of Mexico and other countries it is also used as a therapeutic agent. Microbiological contamination of honey can occur during its extraction and handling. Due to the use and consumption of honey we highlighted here the importance of the assessment of its microbiological quality. One thousand nine hundred twenty samples obtained from 8 honey-producing states from Mexico were analyzed. From these samples, 40.5% (777/1920) did not comply with the NMX-036-NORMEX-2006 specification. Forty five percent (777/1920) of the samples did not comply with the mesophilic aerobic microorganism specification, neither did 17% (327/1920) of the samples with the specification for molds and 18.1% (348/1920) with the specification for yeasts. With regard to coliform bacteria, the samples contained less than 3 NMP/g. Two percent of the samples contained lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Clostridium perfringens was observed in amounts of more than 100CFU/g. None of the samples from the different states contained more than 100CFU/g of Staphylococcus aureus; Salmonella spp. was absent in all samples. It is important to avoid contamination sources and implement good hygienic practices in order to maintain and improve the quality of Mexican honeys since a large percentage of them are intended for export. If these honeys are intended for therapeutic use, it is necessary to ensure that they comply with all quality parameters and to apply specific treatments that guarantee the removal of any pathogen that may represent a risk to the patients's health.
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Rosario Medina I, Román Fuentes L, Batista Arteaga M, Real Valcárcel F, Acosta Arbelo F, Padilla Del Castillo D, Déniz Suárez S, Ferrer Quintana O, Vega Gutiérrez B, Silva Sergent F, Acosta-Hernández B. Pigeons and their droppings as reservoirs of Candida and other zoonotic yeasts. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:211-214. [PMID: 28720316 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of pigeons as reservoirs and carriers of Cryptococcus neoformans and other species of this genus is well-known; however, less is known about their role as reservoirs and carriers of other yeasts that impact public health. AIMS The present study was performed on Gran Canaria Island to define yeasts other than Cryptococcus spp. that have been reported to impact public health and which could be carried by pigeons. METHODS Samples were obtained from 83 pigeon lofts (Columba livia); moreover, 331 crop samples, 331 cloacal samples and 174 dropping samples were collected. In addition, 17 dropping samples were taken from a total of 17 public squares. Samples were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. RESULTS Different yeast species, i.e. Candida guilliermondii (24.36%), Candida kefyr (1.21%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.43%), and Trichosporon asahii (1.21%) were isolated for the first time from the cloaca. The most frequently isolated yeast from the crop, cloaca and dropping samples from lofts was C. guilliermondii (30.46%, 24.36% and 49.37%, respectively). In addition, for the first time, C. kefyr (3.65%), Candida pelliculosa (2.43%), Candida rugosa (1.21%), T. asahii (3.65%), Trichosporon mucoides (3.65%) and Prototheca wickerhamii (1.21%) were obtained from crop samples; Candida pelliculosa (1.20%), T. asahii (9.63%) and T. mucoides (7.22%) were isolated from dropping samples in the lofts. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated yeast in dropping samples collected in public squares. CONCLUSIONS It can be assumed that pigeons and their droppings act as carriers and reservoirs of Candida spp. and other zoonotic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Rosario Medina
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lorena Román Fuentes
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Batista Arteaga
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Fernando Real Valcárcel
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Félix Acosta Arbelo
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Daniel Padilla Del Castillo
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Soraya Déniz Suárez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Otilia Ferrer Quintana
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Belinda Vega Gutiérrez
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Freddy Silva Sergent
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Begoña Acosta-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
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Irazusta V, Michel L, de Figueroa LIC. [Biomineralization of copper in Candida fukuyamaensis RCL-3]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:166-70. [PMID: 27237424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida fukuyamaensis RCL-3 yeast has the ability to decrease copper concentration in a culture medium. High copper concentrations change the cell color from white/cream to brown. The effect of color change ceases with the addition of KCN or when cells are grown in a culture medium without sulfate ions. These results could be associated with CuS bioaccumulation in the cell surface. This report revealed that mineralization would be a mechanism used by this yeast for copper bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Irazusta
- PROIMI-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina; INIQUI-CONICET-UNSa, Salta, Argentina.
| | | | - Lucía I C de Figueroa
- PROIMI-CONICET, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Colabella F, Libkind D. PCR-based method for the rapid identification of astaxanthin-accumulating yeasts (Phaffia spp.). Rev Argent Microbiol 2016; 48:15-20. [PMID: 26922472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently found that the natural distribution, habitat, and genetic diversity of astaxanthin-producing yeasts (i.e. Phaffia rhodozyma, synonym Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) is much greater than previously thought. P. rhodozyma is biotechnologically exploited due to its ability to produce the carotenoid pigment astaxanthin and thus, it is used as a natural source of this pigment for aquaculture. P. rhodozyma was also capable of synthesizing the potent UVB sunscreen mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside (MGG). Therefore, further environmental studies are needed to elucidate its ecological aspects and detect new potential strains for the production of astaxanthin and MGG. However, obtaining new isolates of P. rhodozyma and related species is not always easy due to its low abundance and the presence of other sympatric and pigmented yeasts. In this work we report a successful development of a species-specific primer which has the ability to quickly and accurately detecting isolates representing all known lineages of the genus Phaffia (including novel species of the genus) and excluding closely related taxa. For this purpose, a primer of 20 nucleotides (called PhR) was designed to be used in combination with universal primers ITS3 and NL4 in a multiplex amplification. The proposed method has the sensitivity and specificity required for the precise detection of new isolates, and therefore represents an important tool for the environmental search for novel astaxanthin-producing yeasts.
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Imbert JL, G Gomez JV, Escudero RB, Blasco JL. [Onychomycosis by yeast not common in diabetics of a health center]. Semergen 2015; 42:449-457. [PMID: 26482238 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican diabetic population frequently presents mycosis under foot hyperkeratosis; however, in another type of onychomycosis as the ones that is assumed Candida albicans is the causal agent, it is unknown the frequency, the prevalence and if another Candida species or other yeasts are found. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the frequency of yeasts causing onychomycosis in diabetic patients looked after in public institutions of health of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico, and its association with clinical epidemiological variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational, descriptive and transversal study was made on 261 patients, from which one nail sample of each one was obtained, used to isolate and identify dermatophytes and yeasts; the results were statistically correlated with 24 epidemiological parameters. The clinical study was done through interrogation and by medical exploration in order to evaluate Tinea pedis and onychomycosis. RESULTS Onychomycosis were caused by Candida guilliermondii, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida spp., Kodamaea ohmeri, Prototheca wickerhamii and unidentified yeasts. The prevalence for general onychomycosis, by dermatophytes, mixed onychomycosis and by yeasts were: 24.1, 19.5, 2.3 and 14.6%, respectively. Patients with significant probability to be diagnosed as having onychomycosis by yeasts are those wearing open shoes (2.59%); technicians and professionals (10.49%) and alcohol drinkers (3.72%). CONCLUSION The fact that Candida albicans is not present in this study as causal agent of onychomycosis, and emerging and non-common yeasts were indeed isolated, creates new challenges. It is remarked the clinical criterion that when onychomycosis is suspected in diabetics, the diagnosis for culturing dermatophytes and yeasts should be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Imbert
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México.
| | - J V G Gomez
- Especialidad de Parasitología, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - R B Escudero
- Maestría en Ciencias, Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
| | - J L Blasco
- Maestría en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México
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Bentubo HDL, Mantovani A, Yamashita JT, Gambale W, Fischman O. Yeasts of the genital region of patients attending the dermatology service at Hospital São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Iberoam Micol 2015; 32:229-34. [PMID: 25958329 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of the diversity of yeasts that make up the skin microbiota of human beings is essential for the efficient monitoring of infections to which a person may be predisposed. AIMS This study identified yeasts comprising the genital skin microbiota of patients attending the Dermatology Service at the Hospital São Paulo-UNIFESP, Brazil. METHODS Samples were collected from the genital region of each patient and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Individual colonies were carefully transferred to tubes daily. Yeasts were identified based on classical methodologies and confirmed using a commercial kit. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were included in the study. Approximately 80% were women and 20% were men. The average age was 55 years. Hypertension, diabetes, kidney transplant and AIDS were the main underlying diseases reported by the patients. The most prevalent yeasts were Candida parapsilosis (36.1%), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (9.2%), Rhodotorula glutinis (8.3%), Candida tropicalis (5.5%) and Trichosporon inkin (1.8%). Approximately 78% of the isolates were obtained in pure cultures. Trichosporon inkin was isolated only from women, in contrast to literature describing a high prevalence in males. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Candida albicans is not the main yeast found on genital skin as previously thought, and opportunistic pathogens such as C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Rhodotorula spp. and T. inkin make up the genital skin microbiota, representing a risk for infection in immunocompromised subjects. These results also indicate that women are carriers of T. inkin, the etiological agent of white piedra and trichosporonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane Mantovani
- Biomedical Intern in the Department of Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jane Tomimori Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walderez Gambale
- Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Olga Fischman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Souza Goebel C, de Mattos Oliveira F, Severo LC. [Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2013; 30:205-8. [PMID: 23583718 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ubiquitous yeast widely used in industry and it is also a common colonizer of the human mucosae. However, the incidence of invasive infection by these fungi has significantly increased in the last decades. AIMS To evaluate the infection by S. cerevisiae in a hospital in southern Brazil during a period of 10 years (2000-2010). METHODS Review of medical records of patients infected by this fungus. RESULTS In this period, 6 patients were found to be infected by S. cerevisiae. The age range of the patients was from 10 years to 84. Urine, blood, ascitic fluid, peritoneal dialysis fluid, and esophageal biopsy samples were analyzed. The predisposing factors were cancer, transplant, surgical procedures, renal failure, use of venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit, diabetes mellitus, chemotherapy, corticosteroid use, and parenteral nutrition. Amphotericin B and fluconazole were the treatments of choice. Three of the patients died and the other 3 were discharged from hospital. CONCLUSIONS We must take special precautions in emerging infections, especially when there are predisposing conditions such as immunosuppression or patients with serious illnesses. The rapid and specific diagnosis of S. cerevisiae infections is important for therapeutic decision. Furthermore, epidemiological and efficacy studies of antifungal agents are necessary for a better therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Souza Goebel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Departamento de Métodos Diagnósticos, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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