1
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Kang S, Choi D, Lee H, Choi B, Kang YM. A Mechanistic Insight into the Oxygen Redox of Li-Rich Layered Cathodes and their Related Electronic/Atomic Behaviors Upon Cycling. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211965. [PMID: 36920413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich cathodes are extensively investigated as their energy density is superior to Li stoichiometric cathode materials. In addition to the transition metal redox, this intriguing electrochemical performance originates from the redox reaction of the anionic sublattice. This new redox process, the so-called anionic redox or, more directly, oxygen redox in the case of oxides, almost doubles the energy density of Li-rich cathodes compared to conventional cathodes. Numerous theoretical and experimental investigations have thoroughly established the current understanding of the oxygen redox of Li-rich cathodes. However, different reports are occasionally contradictory, indicating that current knowledge remains incomplete. Moreover, several practical issues still hinder the real-world application of Li-rich cathodes. As these issues are related to phenomena resulting from the electronic to atomic evolution induced by unstable oxygen redox, a fundamental multiscale understanding is essential for solving the problem. In this review, the current mechanistic understanding of oxygen redox, the origin of the practical problems, and how current studies tackle the issues are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwoo Lee
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Choi
- Cathode Materials R&D Center, LG Chem, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Battery-Smart Factory, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Energy Storage Research Center, Clean Energy Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yang Y, Hu N, Zhang YH, Zheng Y, Hu Z, Kuo CY, Lin HJ, Chen CT, Chan TS, Kao CW, Jin Y, Ma J, Cui G. Origin of the Seriously Limited Anionic Redox Reaction of Li-Rich Cathodes in Sulfide All-Solid-State Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37314432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich layered oxide (LLO) cathode materials with mixed cationic and anionic redox reactions display much higher specific capacity than other traditional layered oxide materials. However, the practical specific capacity of LLO during the first cycle in sulfide all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) is extremely low. Herein, the capacity contribution of each redox reaction in LLO during the first charging process is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by comprehensive electrochemical and structural measurements. The results demonstrate that the cationic redox of the LiTMO2 (TM = Ni, Co, Mn) phase is almost complete, while the anionic redox of the Li2MnO3 phase is seriously limited due to the sluggish transport kinetics and severe LLO/Li6PS5Cl interface reaction at high voltage. Therefore, the poor intrinsic conductivity and interface stability during the anionic redox jointly restrict the capacity release or delithiation/lithiation degree of LLO during the first cycle in sulfide ASSLBs. This study reveals the origin of the seriously limited anionic redox reaction in LLO, providing valuable guidance for the bulk and interface design of high-energy-density ASSLBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Naifang Hu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nothnitzer Strasse 40, Dresden D-01187, Germany
| | - Chang-Yang Kuo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Te Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Kao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
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3
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Ju X, Hou X, Liu Z, Du L, Zhang L, Xie T, Paillard E, Wang T, Winter M, Li J. Revealing the Effect of High Ni Content in Li-Rich Cathode Materials: Mitigating Voltage Decay or Increasing Intrinsic Reactivity. Small 2023; 19:e2207328. [PMID: 36799132 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Li-rich layered oxides are considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for secondary lithium batteries due to their high specific capacities, but the issue of continuous voltage decay during cycling hinders their market entry. Increasing the Ni content in Li-rich materials is assumed to be an effective way to address this issue and attracts recent research interests. However, a high Ni content may induce increased intrinsic reactivity of materials, resulting in severe side reactions with the electrolyte. Thus, a comprehensive study to differentiate the two effects of the Ni content on the cell performance with Li-rich cathode is carried out in this work. Herein, it is demonstrated that a properly dosed amount of Ni can effectively suppress the voltage decay in Li-rich cathodes, while over-loading of Ni, on the contrary, can cause structural instability, Ni dissolution, and nonuniform Li deposition during cycling as well as severe oxygen loss. This work offers a deep understanding on the impacts of Ni content in Li-rich materials, which can be a good guidance for the future design of such cathodes for high energy density lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Ju
- Helmholtz-Institute Muenster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Pen-Tung Sah Insititute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Helmholtz-Institute Muenster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Zhongqing Liu
- Helmholtz-Institute Muenster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Leilei Du
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Li Zhang
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tangtang Xie
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4, Milano, MI, 20156, Italy
- The Testing and Technology Center for Industrial Products, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518067, China
| | - Elie Paillard
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4, Milano, MI, 20156, Italy
| | - Taihong Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Insititute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Martin Winter
- Helmholtz-Institute Muenster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jie Li
- Helmholtz-Institute Muenster (HI MS), IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini, 4, Milano, MI, 20156, Italy
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4
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Wang S, Zhao T, Chen J, Missyul A, Simonelli L, Liu L, Li F, Kong X, Hua W. Accumulated Lattice Strain as an Intrinsic Trigger for the First-Cycle Voltage Decay in Li-Rich 3d Layered Oxides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:20200-20207. [PMID: 37052376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Li- and Mn-rich layered oxides (LMLOs) are promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high discharge capacity of above 250 mA h g-1. A high voltage plateau related to the oxidation of lattice oxygen appears upon the first charge, but it cannot be recovered during discharge, resulting in the so-called voltage decay. Disappearance of the honeycomb superstructure of the layered structure at a slow C-rate (e.g., 0.1 C) has been proposed to cause the first-cycle voltage decay. By comparing the structural evolution of Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 (LLNMO) at various current densities, the operando synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction results show that the lattice strain in bulk LLNMO is continuously increased over cycling, resulting in the first-cycle voltage loss upon Li-ion insertion. Unlike the LLNMO, the accumulated average lattice strain of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) from the open-circuit voltage to 4.8 V could be released on discharge. These findings help to gain a deep understanding of the voltage decay in LMLOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinniu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Alexander Missyul
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona E-08290, Spain
| | - Laura Simonelli
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona E-08290, Spain
| | - Laijun Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weibo Hua
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Zhao E, Wu K, Zhang Z, Fu Z, Jiang H, Ke Y, Yin W, Ikeda K, Otomo T, Wang F, Zhao J. Quantifying the Anomalous Local and Nanostructure Evolutions Induced by Lattice Oxygen Redox in Lithium-Rich Cathodes. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2200740. [PMID: 36180397 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to their accessible lattice oxygen redox (l-OR) at high voltages, Li-rich layered transition metal (TM) oxides have shown promising potential as candidate cathodes for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries. However, this l-OR process is also associated with unusual electrochemical issues such as voltage hysteresis and long-term voltage decay. The structure response mechanism to the l-OR behavior also remains unclear, hindering rational structure optimizations that would enable practical Li-rich cathodes. Here, this study reveals a strong coupling between l-OR and structure dynamic evolutions, as well as their effects on the electrochemical properties. Using the technique of neutron total scattering with pair distribution function analysis and small-angle neutron scattering, this study quantifies the local TM migration and formation of nanopores that accompany the l-OR. These experiments demonstrate the causal relationships among l-OR, the local/nanostructure evolutions, and the unusual electrochemistry. The TM migration triggered by the l-OR can change local oxygen coordination environments, which results in voltage hysteresis. Coupled with formed oxygen vacancies, it will accelerate the formation of nanopores, inducing a phase transition, and leading to irreversible capacity and long-cycling voltage fade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyue Zhao
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Fu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yin
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
- J-PARC Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Toshiya Otomo
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
- J-PARC Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Fangwei Wang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Zhao
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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6
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Zhang K, Qi J, Song J, Zuo Y, Yang Y, Yang T, Chen T, Liu X, Chen L, Xia D. Sulfuration of Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Multianionic Redox and Stabilized Coordination Environment. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109564. [PMID: 34997636 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-rich transition metal oxides (LLOs) can deliver high specific capacity over 250 mAh g-1 , stemming from additional contribution of oxygen redox. However, the formation of O(2- n )- (0 < n < 2) species and even oxygen gas during the deep oxidation stage leads to progressive structural transformation that cause voltage decay/hysteresis, sluggish kinetics, and poor thermostability, preventing real-world application of LLOs. Therefore, the substantive key relies on enhancing the anionic redox stability in LLOs. Here, a sulfuration procedure of LLOs (S-LLOs) is proposed, in which sulfur anions are incorporated into oxygen sites in the lattice structure and form polyanions on the surface. Proved by structural characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, sulfur anions in the interior lattice can reversibly participate in the redox process and enhance the integral coordination stability by mitigating undesired oxygen redox. Moreover, S polyanions at the surface form a protecting layer for interfacial stability. The electrochemical measurements indicate that S-LLO demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 307.8 mAh g-1 , an outstanding capacity retention rate of 91.5% after 200 cycles, along with excellent voltage maintenance, rate capability, and thermostability. The sulfuration process of LLOs with multianionic redox mechanism highlights a promising strategy to design novel high-energy-density cathode materials with superior cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jizhen Qi
- i-Lab, CAS center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jin Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yali Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tonghuan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dingguo Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Advanced Battery Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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7
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Lin L, Qin K, Zhang Q, Gu L, Suo L, Hu YS, Li H, Huang X, Chen L. Li-Rich Li 2 [Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ]O 2 for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8289-8296. [PMID: 33491840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anode-free lithium metal batteries can maximize the energy density at the cell level. However, without the Li compensation from the anode side, it faces much more challenging to achieve a long cycling life with a competitive energy density than Li metal-based batteries. Here, we prolong the lifespan of an anode-free Li metal battery by introducing Li-rich Li2 [Ni0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 ]O2 into the cathode as a Li-ions extender. The Li2 [Ni0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 ]O2 can release a large amount of Li-ions during the first charging process to supplement the Li loss in the anode, then convert into NCM811, thus extending the lifespan of the battery without the introduction of inactive elements. By the benefit of Li-rich cathode and high reversibility of Li metal on Cu foil, the anode-free pouch cells enable to achieve 447 Wh kg-1 energy density and 84 % capacity retention after 100 cycles in the condition of limited electrolyte addition (E/C ratio of 2 g Ah-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangdong Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd, Liyang, 213300, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd, Liyang, 213300, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liumin Suo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd, Liyang, 213300, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuejie Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Sharifi-Asl S, Yurkiv V, Gutierrez A, Cheng M, Balasubramanian M, Mashayek F, Croy J, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Revealing Grain-Boundary-Induced Degradation Mechanisms in Li-Rich Cathode Materials. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1208-1217. [PMID: 31869569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite their high energy densities, Li- and Mn-rich, layered-layered, xLi2MnO3·(1 - x)LiTMO2 (TM = Ni, Mn, Co) (LMR-NMC) cathodes require further development in order to overcome issues related to bulk and surface instabilities such as Mn dissolution, impedance rise, and voltage fade. One promising strategy to modify LMR-NMC properties has been the incorporation of spinel-type, local domains to create "layered-layered-spinel" cathodes. However, precise control of local structure and composition, as well as subsequent characterization of such materials, is challenging and elucidating structure-property relationships is not trivial. Therefore, detailed studies of atomic structures within these materials are still critical to their development. Herein, aberration corrected-scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) is utilized to study atomic structures, prior to and subsequent to electrochemical cycling, of LMR-NMC materials having integrated spinel-type components. The results demonstrate that strained grain boundaries with various atomic configurations, including spinel-type structures, can exist. These high energy boundaries appear to induce cracking and promote dissolution of Mn by increasing the contact surface area to electrolyte as well as migration of Ni during cycling, thereby accelerating performance degradation. These results present insights into the important role that local structures can play in the macroscopic degradation of the cathode structures and reiterate the complexity of how synthesis and composition affect structure-electrochemical property relationships of advanced cathode designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Sharifi-Asl
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Vitaliy Yurkiv
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Arturo Gutierrez
- Chemical Science and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60561 , United States
| | - Meng Cheng
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | | | - Farzad Mashayek
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
| | - Jason Croy
- Chemical Science and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60561 , United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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9
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Lozano JG, Martinez GT, Jin L, Nellist PD, Bruce PG. Low-Dose Aberration-Free Imaging of Li-Rich Cathode Materials at Various States of Charge Using Electron Ptychography. Nano Lett 2018; 18:6850-6855. [PMID: 30257093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imaging the complete atomic structure of materials, including light elements, with minimal beam-induced damage of the sample is a long-standing challenge in electron microscopy. Annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy is often used to image elements with low atomic numbers, but due to its low efficiency and high sensitivity to precise imaging parameters it comes at the price of potentially significant beam damage. In this paper, we show that electron ptychography is a powerful technique to retrieve reconstructed phase images that provide the full structure of beam-sensitive materials containing light and heavy elements. Due to its much higher efficiency, we can reduce the beam currents used down to the subpicoampere range. Electron ptychography also allows residual lens aberrations to be corrected at the postprocessing stage, which avoids the need for fine-tuning of the probe that would result in further beam damage and provides aberration-free reconstructed phase images. We have used electron ptychography to obtain structural information from aberration-free reconstructed phase images in the technologically relevant lithium-rich transition metal oxides at different states of charge. We can unambiguously determine the position of the lithium and oxygen atomic columns while amorphization of the surface, formation of beam-induced surface reconstruction layers, or migration of transition metals to the alkali layers are drastically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan G Lozano
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , OX1 3PH Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Gerardo T Martinez
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , OX1 3PH Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Liyu Jin
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , OX1 3PH Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Nellist
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , OX1 3PH Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Bruce
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Parks Road , OX1 3PH Oxford , United Kingdom
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Ko M, Oh P, Chae S, Cho W, Cho J. Considering Critical Factors of Li-rich Cathode and Si Anode Materials for Practical Li-ion Cell Applications. Small 2015; 11:4058-73. [PMID: 26108922 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to keep pace with increasing energy demands for advanced electronic devices and to achieve commercialization of electric vehicles and energy-storage systems, improvements in high-energy battery technologies are required. Among the various types of batteries, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are among the most well-developed and commercialized of energy-storage systems. LIBs with Si anodes and Li-rich cathodes are one of the most promising alternative electrode materials for next-generation, high-energy batteries. Si and Li-rich materials exhibit high reversible capacities of <2000 mAh g(-1) and >240 mAh g(-1) , respectively. However, both materials have intrinsic drawbacks and practical limitations that prevent them from being utilized directly as active materials in high-energy LIBs. Examples for Li-rich materials include phase distortion during cycling and side reactions caused by the electrolyte at the surface, and for Si, large volume changes during cycling and low conductivity are observed. Recent progress and important approaches adopted for overcoming and alleviating these drawbacks are described in this article. A perspective on these matters is suggested and the requirements for each material are delineated, in addition to introducing a full-cell prototype utilizing a Li-rich cathode and Si anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Ko
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Pilgun Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Sujong Chae
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Woongrae Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
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