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Elnathan R, Holle AW, Young J, George MA, Heifler O, Goychuk A, Frey E, Kemkemer R, Spatz JP, Kosloff A, Patolsky F, Voelcker NH. Optically transparent vertical silicon nanowire arrays for live-cell imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:51. [PMID: 33596905 PMCID: PMC7890818 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable nano-bio interfaces driven by tuneable vertically configured nanostructures have recently emerged as a powerful tool for cellular manipulations and interrogations. Such interfaces have strong potential for ground-breaking advances, particularly in cellular nanobiotechnology and mechanobiology. However, the opaque nature of many nanostructured surfaces makes non-destructive, live-cell characterization of cellular behavior on vertically aligned nanostructures challenging to observe. Here, a new nanofabrication route is proposed that enables harvesting of vertically aligned silicon (Si) nanowires and their subsequent transfer onto an optically transparent substrate, with high efficiency and without artefacts. We demonstrate the potential of this route for efficient live-cell phase contrast imaging and subsequent characterization of cells growing on vertically aligned Si nanowires. This approach provides the first opportunity to understand dynamic cellular responses to a cell-nanowire interface, and thus has the potential to inform the design of future nanoscale cellular manipulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roey Elnathan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew W Holle
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jennifer Young
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marina A George
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omri Heifler
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andriy Goychuk
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Frey
- Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for NanoScience, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alon Kosloff
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 22 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Victoria, Australia.
- INM-Leibnitz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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