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Nourizadeh M, Sarrafzadeh SA, Shoormasti RS, Fazlollahi MR, Saghafi S, Badalzadeh M, Mirmoghtadaei M, Pourpak Z. Determining reference ranges for lymphocyte proliferation responses to phytohemagglutinin and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Iranian children. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:109937. [PMID: 38346463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish reference ranges (RRs) for stimulation index of T cell proliferation triggered by phytohemagglutinin (PHA-SI) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-SI). METHODS This study investigated data from 359 healthy children and 35 patients with cellular immunodeficiency as positive controls (2010-2021). We applied a colorimetric-based method (BrdU) to measure proliferation and determine the RRs at the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles (95% confidence intervals). A cross-validation approach was performed. RESULTS In healthy controls, the RRs for PHA-SI and BCG-SI ranged between 3 and 5.2 and 2.52 to 5.2, respectively. PHA-SI and BCG-SI were in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) patients from 1.2 to 2.5 and 0 to 2, while in Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) patients, 2.53 to 4.5 and 0.74 to 2.2, respectively. The thresholds' accuracy was checked for testing reference intervals with diagnostic effects. CONCLUSION This study establishes PHA-SI and BCG-SI reference ranges to aid in diagnosing and treating congenital immunodeficiency diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nourizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokouh Azam Sarrafzadeh
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Shokouhi Shoormasti
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Saghafi
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Badalzadeh
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Mirmoghtadaei
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourpak
- Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ewenighi-Amankwah CO, Onyenekwe CC, Udemba O, Muogbo P, Rong L. A Mother-to-Child Transmission Study in Nigeria: The Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and HAART on Plasma Immunoglobulins, Cytokine Profiles and Infant Outcome. Virol Sin 2020; 35:468-477. [PMID: 32157604 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT) allows the HIV+ pregnant mothers to have vaginal delivery and breastfeed. Here we investigated the maternal plasma immunoglobulin, cytokine secretion and the outcome of the exposed infants among the HIV+ HAART treated pregnant women in Nigeria. In this study, different plasma immunoglobulins and cytokines were measured in the HIV+ HAART treated pregnant mothers. Pooled culture supernatants of B and T lymphocytes showed lower levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4. There were lower IFN-γ and IL-10 secretions at 1st trimester; however, IL-10 continued to be lower throughout 2nd and 3rd trimesters. TNF-α secretion significantly decreased as pregnancy progressed to term. There were high plasma IgG and low IgM in the HIV+ HAART treated pregnant women. Plasma IgG was high during 1st and 3rd trimesters. After one year of follow up, all the exposed children were seronegative for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Vaginal delivery and breastfeeding among HIV+ HAART treated mothers have shown to be safe. The use of HAART by the infected mothers and the use of septrin and niverapin by the exposed infants prevented mother to-child transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinwe O Ewenighi-Amankwah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, 480214, Nigeria. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, 5025, Nigeria
| | - Ogochukwu Udemba
- Laboratory Unit, Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital, Ogui, Enugu, 400252, Nigeria
| | - Patience Muogbo
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, ART Department, Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital, Ogui, Enugu, 400252, Nigeria
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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de Paus RA, van Meijgaarden KE, Prins C, Kamphorst MH, Arend SM, Ottenhoff THM, Joosten SA. Immunological characterization of latent tuberculosis infection in a low endemic country. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 106:62-72. [PMID: 28802407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is based on detection of immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The tuberculin skin test (TST), the Quantiferon (QFT) and a prolonged lymphocyte stimulation test using either ESAT-6/CFP-10 (LST-EC) or PPD (LST-PPD) were evaluated in a cohort of 495 individuals, suspected to have LTBI, in a low endemic country. While the TST and LST-PPD were both positive in the majority (75%) of individuals, only one third responded in the LST-EC and in the QFT. The choice for LTBI treatment was significantly associated with ESAT6/CFP10 recognition, however the LST-EC detected considerably more individuals (21%) with immunity against Mtb, who might also be at risk for development of active TB, although none of them did during follow up. Follow-up for 2 years showed 7% conversions and 32% reversions for the QFT. The LST-EC showed higher conversion rates (∼45%), although the percentage of individuals positive in the LST-EC did not change significantly within the follow-up period. LTBI treatment did not alter immune recognition of Mtb antigens. In conclusion, the sensitivity of tests for detection of cellular immunity to Mtb specific antigens depends on test methodology and may vary considerably over time in a low endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof A de Paus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Corine Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra M Arend
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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