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Xiong W, Papasouliotis O, Jonsson EN, Strotmann R, Girard P. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of tepotinib, an oral MET kinase inhibitor, including data from the VISION study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:655-669. [PMID: 35385993 PMCID: PMC9054876 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Tepotinib is a highly selective, potent, mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET) inhibitor, approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring MET exon 14 skipping. Objectives of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were to evaluate the dose–exposure relationship of tepotinib and its major circulating metabolite, MSC2571109A, and to identify the intrinsic/extrinsic factors that are predictive of PK variability. Methods Data were included from 12 studies in patients with cancer and in healthy participants. A sequential modeling approach was used to analyze the parent and metabolite data, including covariate analyses. Potential associations between observed covariates and PK parameters were illustrated using bootstrap analysis-based forest plots. Results A two-compartment model with sequential zero- and first-order absorption, and a first-order elimination from the central compartment, best described the plasma PK of tepotinib in humans across the dose range of 30–1400 mg. The bioavailability of tepotinib was shown to be dose dependent, although bioavailability decreased primarily at doses above the therapeutic dose of 500 mg. The intrinsic factors of race, age, sex, body weight, mild/moderate hepatic impairment and mild/moderate renal impairment, along with the extrinsic factors of opioid analgesic and gefitinib intake, had no relevant effect on tepotinib PK. Tepotinib has a long effective half-life of ~ 32 h. Conclusions Tepotinib shows dose proportionality up to at least the therapeutic dose, and time-independent clearance with a profile appropriate for once-daily dosing. None of the covariates identified had a clinically meaningful effect on tepotinib exposure or required dose adjustments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00280-022-04423-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Xiong
- Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Merck KGaA, Lausanne, Switzerland.,UCB, Bulle, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rainer Strotmann
- Quantitative Pharmacology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pascal Girard
- Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, Merck KGaA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chen T, Zhuo LS, Liu PF, Fang WR, Li YM, Huang W. Discovery of 1,6-naphthyridinone-based MET kinase inhibitor bearing quinoline moiety as promising antitumor drug candidate. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112174. [PMID: 32113049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,6-naphthyridinone-based MET kinase inhibitors bearing quinoline moiety in block A were designed and synthesized based on the structures of Cabozantinib and our reported compound IV. Extensive SAR and DMPK studies led to the identification of 20j, a potent and orally bioavailable MET kinase inhibitor with favorable kinase selectivity. More importantly, 20j exhibited statistically significant tumor growth inhibition (Tumor growth inhibition/TGI of 131%, 4/6 partial regression/PR) in the U-87 MG xeograft model, which is superior to that of Cabozantinib (TGI of 97%, 2/6 PR), and significantly better than that of compound IV (TGI of 15%, 0/6 PR) at the same dose (12.5 mg/kg). Combined with favorable in vitro potency, kinase selectivity, pharmacokinetic profile and in vivo efficacy, the promising antitumor drug candidate 20j has subsequently advanced into preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lin-Sheng Zhuo
- Nanjing Natinefy Pharmatech. Co., Ltd., Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Nanjing Natinefy Pharmatech. Co., Ltd., Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei-Rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yun-Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Nanjing Natinefy Pharmatech. Co., Ltd., Nanjing, PR China.
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Zhuo LS, Xu HC, Wang MS, Zhao XE, Ming ZH, Zhu XL, Huang W, Yang GF. 2,7-naphthyridinone-based MET kinase inhibitors: A promising novel scaffold for antitumor drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:705-714. [PMID: 31229873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of our effort to develop new molecular targeted antitumor drug, a novel 2,7-naphthyridone-based MET kinase inhibitor, 8-((4-((2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl)oxy)- 3-fluorophenyl)amino)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,7-naphthyridin-1(2H)-one (13f), was identified. Knowledge of the binding mode of BMS-777607 in MET led to the design of new inhibitors that utilize novel 2,7-naphthyridone scaffold to conformationally restrain the key pharmacophoric groups (block C). Detailed SAR studies resulted in the discovery of a new MET inhibitor 13f, displaying favorable in vitro potency and oral bioavailability. More importantly, 13f exhibited excellent in vivo efficacy (tumor growth inhibition/TGI of 114% and 95% in 50 mg/kg, respectively) both in the U-87 MG and HT-29 xenograft models. The favorable drug-likeness of 13f indicated that 2,7-naphthyridinone may be used a promising novel scaffold for antitumor drug development. The preclinical studies of 13f are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Hong-Chuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Ming-Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xing-E Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Research, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ming
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Research, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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Yan SB, Um SL, Peek VL, Stephens JR, Zeng W, Konicek BW, Liu L, Manro JR, Wacheck V, Walgren RA. MET-targeting antibody (emibetuzumab) and kinase inhibitor (merestinib) as single agent or in combination in a cancer model bearing MET exon 14 skipping. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:536-544. [PMID: 29188469 PMCID: PMC6061111 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Approximately 3% of lung cancer bears mutations leading to MET exon 14 skipping, an oncogenic driver which is further evidenced by case reports of patient response to MET kinase inhibitor treatment. Approximately 15% of tumors harboring MET exon14 skipping have concurrent MET amplification. Experimental Design Merestinib is a type II MET kinase inhibitor. Emibetuzumab, a bivalent anti-MET antibody, internalizes MET receptor. Each single agent and the combination were evaluated in the Hs746t gastric cancer line bearing MET exon14 skipping and MET amplification. Results Merestinib inhibited Hs746t cell proliferation (IC50=34 nM) and totally eliminated pMET at 100nM. Emibetuzumab showed little anti-proliferative activity against Hs746t cells (IC50>100nM), did not reduce pMET, and slightly reduced cell surface MET. In the Hs746t xenograft model, dose dependent differences in durability of response were seen with merestinib including durable tumor regression (91.8%) at 12 mg/kg qd. Emibetuzumab treatment (10mg/kg qw) provided transient tumor regression (37.7%), but tumors re-grew while on treatment. Concurrent combination of merestinib (6 mg/kg qd) and emibetuzumab resulted in 85% tumor regression, while a sequential combination (initiating merestinib first) resulted in longer duration of treatment response. Conclusions Data in this study support a clinical evaluation of merestinib in patients with MET exon 14 skipping (NCT02920996). As a type II MET kinase inhibitor, merestinib may provide a therapeutic option to treatment naïve patients or to patients who progress on type I MET inhibitor treatment. Data also support clinical evaluation of the sequential combination of merestinib with emibetuzumab when patients progress on single agent merestinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Betty Yan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA.
| | - Suzane L Um
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Victoria L Peek
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Jennifer R Stephens
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Wei Zeng
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Bruce W Konicek
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Jason R Manro
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Volker Wacheck
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Richard A Walgren
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, DC0522, 307 E. McCarty Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
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