1
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Szczęśniak P, Henke T, Fröhlich S, Plessmann U, Urlaub H, Leng L, Bucala R, Grosse R, Meinhardt A, Klug J. Extracellular MIF, but not its homologue D-DT, promotes fibroblast motility independently of its receptor complex CD74/CD44. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.217356. [PMID: 33328325 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homologue D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) are widely expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines with chemokine-like functions that coordinate a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as migration. Here, we biotin-tagged intracellular MIF/D-DT in vivo to identify important cytosolic interactors and found a plethora of actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins. Although the receptor complex between CD74 and CD44 (CD74/CD44) is essential for signalling transduction in fibroblasts via extracellular MIF/D-DT, our interactome data suggested direct effects. We, thus, investigated whether MIF/D-DT can modulate cell migration independently of CD74/CD44. To distinguish between receptor- and non-receptor-mediated motility, we used fibroblasts that are either deficient or that express CD74/CD44 proteins, and treated them with recombinant MIF/D-DT. Interestingly, only MIF could stimulate chemokinesis in the presence or absence of CD74/CD44. The pro-migratory effects of MIF depended on lipid raft/caveolae-mediated but not clathrin-mediated endocytosis, on its tautomerase activity and, probably, on its thiol protein oxidoreductase activity. As MIF treatment restrained actin polymerisation in vitro, our findings establish a new intracellular role for MIF/D-DT in driving cell motility through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szczęśniak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Tamara Henke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Suada Fröhlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Uwe Plessmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Research Group 'Bioanalytics', University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Jörg Klug
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, Gießen 35392, Germany
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2
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Schindler L, Zwissler L, Krammer C, Hendgen-Cotta U, Rassaf T, Hampton MB, Dickerhof N, Bernhagen J. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibits neutrophil apoptosis by inducing cytokine release from mononuclear cells. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:893-905. [PMID: 33565160 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0420-242rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine-like inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pivotal driver of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, and cancer. MIF modulates the early inflammatory response through various mechanisms, including regulation of neutrophil recruitment and fate, but the mechanisms and the role of the more recently described MIF homolog MIF-2 (D-dopachrome tautomerase; D-DT) are incompletely understood. Here, we show that both MIF and MIF-2/D-DT inhibit neutrophil apoptosis. This is not a direct effect, but involves the activation of mononuclear cells, which secrete CXCL8 and other prosurvival mediators to promote neutrophil survival. Individually, CXCL8 and MIF (or MIF-2) did not significantly inhibit neutrophil apoptosis, but in combination they elicited a synergistic response, promoting neutrophil survival even in the absence of mononuclear cells. The use of receptor-specific inhibitors provided evidence for a causal role of the noncognate MIF receptor CXCR2 expressed on both monocytes and neutrophils in MIF-mediated neutrophil survival. We suggest that the ability to inhibit neutrophil apoptosis contributes to the proinflammatory role ascribed to MIF, and propose that blocking the interaction between MIF and CXCR2 could be an important anti-inflammatory strategy in the early inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schindler
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Leon Zwissler
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Krammer
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Essen, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Essen, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
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3
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Kim BS, Tilstam PV, Arnke K, Leng L, Ruhl T, Piecychna M, Schulte W, Sauler M, Frueh FS, Storti G, Lindenblatt N, Giovanoli P, Pallua N, Bernhagen J, Bucala R. Differential regulation of macrophage activation by the MIF cytokine superfamily members MIF and MIF-2 in adipose tissue during endotoxemia. FASEB J 2020; 34:4219-4233. [PMID: 31961019 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901511r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide and recent studies have shown white adipose tissue (WAT) to be an important regulator in septic conditions. In the present study, the role of the inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its structural homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) were investigated in WAT in a murine endotoxemia model. Both MIF and MIF-2 levels were increased in the peritoneal fluid of LPS-challenged wild-type mice, yet, in visceral WAT, the proteins were differentially regulated, with elevated MIF but downregulated MIF-2 expression in adipocytes. Mif gene deletion polarized adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype while Mif-2 gene knockout drove ATMs toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype and Mif-deficiency was found to increase fibroblast viability. Additionally, we observed the same differential regulation of these two MIF family proteins in human adipose tissue in septic vs healthy patients. Taken together, these data suggest an inverse relationship between adipocyte MIF and MIF-2 expression during systemic inflammation, with the downregulation of MIF-2 in fat tissue potentially increasing pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization to further drive adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pathricia V Tilstam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin Arnke
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marta Piecychna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Wibke Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maor Sauler
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Florian S Frueh
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Storti
- Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome- "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Lindenblatt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Giovanoli
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Pallua
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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4
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Tilstam PV, Pantouris G, Corman M, Andreoli M, Mahboubi K, Davis G, Du X, Leng L, Lolis E, Bucala R. A selective small-molecule inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 ( MIF-2), a MIF cytokine superfamily member, inhibits MIF-2 biological activity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18522-18531. [PMID: 31578280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2 or D-dopachrome tautomerase) is a recently characterized second member of the MIF cytokine superfamily in mammalian genomes. MIF-2 shares pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic properties with the clinical target MIF (MIF-1), but the precise contribution of MIF-2 to immune physiology or pathology is unclear. Like MIF-1, MIF-2 has intrinsic keto-enol tautomerase activity and mediates biological functions by engaging the cognate, common MIF family receptor CD74. Evidence that the catalytic site of MIF family cytokines has a structural role in receptor binding has prompted exploration of tautomerase inhibitors as potential biological antagonists and therapeutic agents, although few catalytic inhibitors inhibit receptor activation. Here we describe the discovery and biochemical characterization of a selective small-molecule inhibitor of MIF-2. An in silico screen of 1.6 million compounds targeting the MIF-2 tautomerase site yielded several hits for potential catalytic inhibitors of MIF-2 and identified 4-(3-carboxyphenyl)-2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (4-CPPC) as the most functionally potent compound. We found that 4-CPPC has an enzymatic IC50 of 27 μm and 17-fold selectivity for MIF-2 versus MIF-1. An in vitro binding assay for MIF-1/MIF-2 to the CD74 ectodomain (sCD74) indicated that 4-CPPC inhibits MIF-2-CD74 binding in a dose-dependent manner (0.01-10 μm) without influencing MIF-1-CD74 binding. Notably, 4-CPPC inhibited MIF-2-mediated activation of CD74 and reduced CD74-dependent signal transduction. These results open opportunities for development of more potent and pharmacologically auspicious MIF-2 inhibitors to investigate the distinct functions of this MIF family member in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Michael Corman
- The Institutes for Pharmaceutical Discovery, LLC, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Monica Andreoli
- The Institutes for Pharmaceutical Discovery, LLC, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Keyvan Mahboubi
- The Institutes for Pharmaceutical Discovery, LLC, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Gary Davis
- The Institutes for Pharmaceutical Discovery, LLC, Branford, Connecticut 06405
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Elias Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
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Voss S, Krüger S, Scherschel K, Warnke S, Schwarzl M, Schrage B, Girdauskas E, Meyer C, Blankenberg S, Westermann D, Lindner D. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Expression Increases during Myocardial Infarction and Supports Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020038. [PMID: 30678084 PMCID: PMC6406883 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine known to play a major role in inflammatory diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), where its expression increases. Cardio-protective functions of MIF during ischemia have been reported. Recently, the structurally related MIF-2 was identified and similar effects are assumed. We wanted to further investigate the role of MIF and MIF-2 on inflammatory processes during MI. Therefore, we subjected mice to experimentally induced MI by coronary occlusion for one and five days. During the acute phase of MI, the gene expression of Mif was upregulated in the infarct zone, whereas Mif-2 was downregulated, suggesting a minor role of MIF-2. Simulating ischemic conditions or mechanical stress in vitro, we demonstrated that Mif expression was induced in resident cardiac cells. To investigate possible auto-/paracrine effects, cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were individually treated with recombinant murine MIF, which in turn induced Mif expression and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiomyocytes did not respond to recombinant MIF with pro-inflammatory gene expression. While MIF stimulation alone did not change the expression of pro-fibrotic genes in cardiac fibroblasts, ischemia reduced their expression. Mimicking the increased MIF levels during MI, we exposed cardiac fibroblasts to simulated ischemia in the presence of MIF, which led to further reduced expression of pro-fibrotic genes. The presented data show that MIF was expressed by resident cardiac cells during MI. In vitro, Mif expression was induced by different external stimuli in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Addition of recombinant MIF protein increased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in cardiac fibroblasts including Mif expression itself. Thereby, cardiac fibroblasts may amplify Mif expression during ischemia promoting cardiomyocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Voss
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Saskia Krüger
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Scherschel
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Svenja Warnke
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schwarzl
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Schrage
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Evaldas Girdauskas
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Meyer
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Diana Lindner
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Pohl J, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Stock P, Luedike P, Rassaf T. Elevated MIF-2 levels predict mortality in critically ill patients. J Crit Care 2017; 40:52-57. [PMID: 28329734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE D-dopachrome tautomerase (MIF-2 or DDT) is a member of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) superfamily and a close structural homolog to MIF. Circulating MIF-2 has been described to be elevated in patients suffering from sepsis, severe burn injury and after surgery. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of MIF-2 in critically ill patients. METHODS A total of 72 patients were studied upon admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). MIF and MIF-2 levels were assessed and compared to healthy controls. Clinical data, various laboratory parameters and mortality were assessed. RESULTS We found significantly elevated levels of MIF-2 and MIF at admission to the ICU in critically ill patients compared to healthy controls. MIF-2 levels were associated with disease severity as measured by APACHE II scores. MIF-2 levels in ICU patients correlated with biomarkers reflecting organ damage, but were not influenced by acute or chronic kidney disease. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed distinctly elevated mortality in patients with high plasma MIF-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS MIF-2 levels are elevated in critically ill patients and linked to parameters of organ damage, supporting its value as a potential tool for the assessment of prognosis in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pohl
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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