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Bahrani Fard MR, Chan J, Sanchez Rodriguez G, Yonk M, Kuturu SR, Read AT, Emelianov SY, Kuehn MH, Ethier CR. Improved magnetic delivery of cells to the trabecular meshwork in mice. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109602. [PMID: 37488007 PMCID: PMC10530071 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and its most prevalent subtype is primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). One pathological change in POAG is loss of cells in the trabecular meshwork (TM), which is thought to contribute to ocular hypertension and has thus motivated development of cell-based therapies to refunctionalize the TM. TM cell therapy has shown promise in intraocular pressure (IOP) control, but existing cell delivery techniques suffer from poor delivery efficiency. We employed a novel magnetic delivery technique to reduce the unwanted side effects of off-target cell delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and after intracameral injection were magnetically steered towards the TM using a focused magnetic apparatus ("point magnet"). This technique delivered the cells significantly closer to the TM at higher quantities and with more circumferential uniformity compared to either unlabeled cells or those delivered using a "ring magnet" technique. We conclude that our point magnet cell delivery technique can improve the efficiency of TM cell therapy and in doing so, potentially increase the therapeutic benefits and lower the risk of complications such as tumorigenicity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Bahrani Fard
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Chan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Marybeth Yonk
- College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shreya R Kuturu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Thomas Read
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stanislav Y Emelianov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Administration Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C Ross Ethier
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction as in Fuchs dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, and the limited regenerative capacity of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), drive the need for corneal transplant. In response to limited donor corneal availability, significant effort has been directed towards cell therapy as an alternative to surgery. Stimulation of endogenous progenitors, or transplant of stem cell-derived HCECs or in vitro-expanded, donor-derived HCECs could replace traditional surgery with regenerative therapy. Ex vivo expansion of HCECs is technically challenging, and the basis for molecular identification of functional HCECs is not established. Delivery of cells to the inner layer of the human cornea is another challenge: different techniques, from simple injection to artificial corneal scaffolds, are being investigated. Despite remaining questions, corneal endothelial cell therapies, translated to the clinic, represent the future for the treatment of corneal endotheliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Bartakova
- Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Noelia J. Kunzevitzky
- Shiley Eye Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Emmetrope Ophthalmics, Key Biscayne, FL 33149
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