Diagnostic Utility of Expression Pattern of S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10/DOG 1 Immunohistochemistry in Differentiation of Secretory and Acinic Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a relatively new disease entity, separate from acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), which frequently displays ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. However, the differences between SC and AciCC remain ambiguous. Genetic diversity makes its diagnosis complicated. In this regard combined expression of immunohistochemistry markers S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10 and DOG1 is need of the hour as alternative methodology. The current systematic review was to investigate the diagnostic utility of combined immunohistochemical expression of S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10/DOG1 in distinction of SC from AciCC histologically. An electronic search of databases was carried out using MEDLINE by PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus and Web of science. Articles inclusive of SC and AciCC were assessed with S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10/DOG1 immunohistochemistry and their predominant expression pattern, predictive values, sensitivity and specificity were gathered. Fourteen eligible articles were analysed, which revealed predominant immunostaining pattern of S100 + /Mammaglobin + /SOX10 + /DOG1- by nearly all ETV6::NTRK3 fusion prevalent SCs alongside with other gene fusions like RET, MET and MAML3 with 98.4% sensitivity as well as 86.1% specificity. The evidence supports that S100/Mammaglobin/SOX10/DOG1 combined immunostaining can serve as a reliable diagnostic method to differentiate secretory from acinic cell carcinoma.