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Chen CC, Wang YH, Wu CF, Hsieh CJ, Wang SL, Chen ML, Tsai HJ, Li SS, Liu CC, Tsai YC, Hsieh TJ, Wu MT. Benchmark dose in the presence of coexposure to melamine and diethylhexyl phthalate and urinary renal injury markers in pregnant women. Environ Res 2022; 215:114187. [PMID: 36037918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposures to mixtures of toxic chemicals have potential interaction effects that may lead to hazard index values exceeding one. However, current regulation levels, such as tolerable daily intake (TDI), are mostly based on experimental studies conducted with a single chemical compound. In this study, we assessed the relationships between melamine and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and their coexposure with the early renal injury markers N-acetyl -D-glucosaminidase (NAG), albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and microalbuminuria in 1236 pregnant women. Various generalized linear models with interaction terms and Bayesian kernel machine regression models were used for the (co-)exposure response associations. We derived the benchmark dose (BMD) and the corresponding one-sided 95% confidence bound BMDL based on the estimated (covariate-adjusted) average daily intake of melamine and DEHP metabolites measured in spot urine of the women collected during the third trimester. Given a benchmark response of 0.1, the BMDL level of melamine (DEHP) exposure on NAG (ACR, microalbuminuria) was 2.67 (11.20, 4.45) μg/kg_bw/day, and it decreased to as low as 1.46 (3.83, 2.73) μg/kg_bw/day when considering coexposure to DEHP (melamine) up to the 90th percentile. Both the exposure threshold levels of melamine and DEHP for early renal injuries in pregnant women were several-fold to one order lower than the current recommended TDIs by the WHO and the US FDA and EPA and were even lower considering coexposure. Because of concurrent exposures in real-world environments, more stringent regulation levels are recommended in susceptible populations, such as pregnant women, due to potential synergistic mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chih Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Li
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
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Chen CC, Tsai YC, Wang YH, Wu CF, Chiu YW, Hwang SJ, Liu CC, Hsieh TJ, Wu MT. Melamine exposure threshold in early chronic kidney disease patients - A benchmark dose approach. Environ Int 2021; 156:106652. [PMID: 34034116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental melamine exposure has been associated with deteriorating kidney function in early-stage chronic kidney disease patients. In this study, a benchmark dose (BMD) approach was used to establish melamine exposure threshold in 293 patients with eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The patients were enrolled 2006-2010 and followed-up for a median of 7.0 years to monitor kidney outcomes. Average daily intakes (AvDI) of melamine were estimated using one-spot urine samples collected at enrollment. BMDs and corresponding one-sided 95% lower bound (BMDLs) were derived using established dose-response models relating estimated AvDIs and dichotomous kidney outcomes: doubling of serum creatine levels, eGFR decreased > 3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, and >30% decline in eGFR during the first 2 years. In addition, survival time to doubling of serum creatinine and eGFR decline over time were assessed as continuous endpoints. Given a benchmark response of 0.10, BMDLs ranged from 0.74 to 2.03 μg/kg_bw/day after Bayesian model averaging, a range one to two orders lower than the current WHO recommended tolerable daily intake of 200 μg/kg_bw/day and the US FDA's 63 μg/kg_bw/day. Our results suggest that early-stage CKD patients should strictly refrain from using melamine tableware and related melamine-made products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chih Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Faculty of Renal Care, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
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Pan Z, Gao QF, Dong SL, Wang F, Li HD, Zhao K, Jiang XY. Effects of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) and kelp (Saccharina japonica) mariculture on sources, distribution, and preservation of sedimentary organic carbon in Ailian Bay, China: Identified by coupling stable isotopes (δ 13C and δ 15N) with C/N ratio analyses. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 141:387-397. [PMID: 30955748 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of mariculture on the sources, distribution and preservation of sedimentary organic carbon (SOC), sediments from an mariculture area in Ailian Bay, China, and a control area were analyzed for grain size composition, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N). The sedimentary type of sediments in study area was clay silt. TOC, TN, C/N, δ13C, and δ15N ranged from 0.58 to 1.21%, 0.06-0.17%, 6.29-9.82, -23.20 to -18.50‰, and 6.17-7.38‰, respectively, and followed similar spatial patterns. TOC, TN and δ13C were higher in mariculture area than in control area. Biodeposit and kelp OC contributions greater of SOC in mariculture area than the control area (biodeposits: 20.10 ± 4.84 to 6.2 ± 1.3%; kelp: 15.3 ± 6.63 to 5.2 ± 0.84%). Overall, mariculture activities significantly influence the sources, distribution and preservation of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Qin-Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China.
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Xu-Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
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Farid A, Abdel-Aty M, Lee J, Eluru N. Application of Bayesian informative priors to enhance the transferability of safety performance functions. J Safety Res 2017; 62:155-161. [PMID: 28882262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Safety performance functions (SPFs) are essential tools for highway agencies to predict crashes, identify hotspots and assess safety countermeasures. In the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), a variety of SPFs are provided for different types of roadway facilities, crash types and severity levels. Agencies, lacking the necessary resources to develop own localized SPFs, may opt to apply the HSM's SPFs for their jurisdictions. Yet, municipalities that want to develop and maintain their regional SPFs might encounter the issue of the small sample bias. Bayesian inference is being conducted to address this issue by combining the current data with prior information to achieve reliable results. It follows that the essence of Bayesian statistics is the application of informative priors, obtained from other SPFs or experts' experiences. METHOD In this study, we investigate the applicability of informative priors for Bayesian negative binomial SPFs for rural divided multilane highway segments in Florida and California. An SPF with non-informative priors is developed for each state and its parameters' distributions are assigned to the other state's SPF as informative priors. The performances of SPFs are evaluated by applying each state's SPFs to the other state. The analysis is conducted for both total (KABCO) and severe (KAB) crashes. RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS As per the results, applying one state's SPF with informative priors, which are the other state's SPF independent variable estimates, to the latter state's conditions yields better goodness of fit (GOF) values than applying the former state's SPF with non-informative priors to the conditions of the latter state. This is for both total and severe crash SPFs. Hence, for localities where it is not preferred to develop own localized SPFs and adopt SPFs from elsewhere to cut down on resources, application of informative priors is shown to facilitate the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farid
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, United States.
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aty
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, United States
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, United States
| | - Naveen Eluru
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2450, United States
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