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Rizzato A, Cantarella G, Basso E, Paoli A, Rotundo L, Bisiacchi P, Marcolin G. Relationship between intended force and actual force: comparison between athletes and non-athletes. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17156. [PMID: 38584935 PMCID: PMC10998631 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether athletes (ATHL) and non-athletes (NON-ATHL) individuals had similar accuracy in matching intended to actual force during ballistic (BAL) and tonic (TON) isometric contractions. In this cross-sectional study, the subjects were divided into ATHL (n = 20; 22.4 ± 2.3 yrs; 73.2 ± 15.7 kg; 1.76 ± 0.08 m) and NON-ATHL (n = 20; 24.6 ± 2.4 yrs; 68.2 ± 15.0 kg; 1.73 ± 0.1 m) groups. The isometric quadriceps strength was measured with a load cell applied to a custom-built chair. For each condition, subjects performed at first three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) as reference. Then, subjects had to match three intended force intensities expressed in percentage of the MVIC (i.e., 25%, 50%, and 75%) without any external feedback. Subjects performed three trials for each force intensity. The accuracy (AC) was calculated as the absolute difference in percentage between the intended and the actual force. A Likert scale was administered for each trial to assess the subjective matching between the intended and the actual force. Statistical analysis showed that the ATHL group was more accurate (p < 0.001) than the NON-ATHL group. In contrast, the AC (p < 0.001) was lower when the force intensities increased independently from the group. Moreover, significantly higher AC (p < 0.001) and lower aggregate Likert scores (p < 0.001) were found in BAL than TON conditions. These results suggest that (i) sports practice could enhance muscle recruitment strategies by increasing the AC in the isometric task; (ii) differences between intended and actual force appeared to be intensity-dependent with lower AC at high force intensities; (iii) different control systems act in modulating BAL and TON contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rizzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Rotundo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Marcolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Ruas CV, Ratel S, Nosaka K, Castellano G, Pinto RS. Resistance training effects on pubertal children with a risk of developing pediatric dynapenia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05436-z. [PMID: 38421430 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many modern-day children are at risk of pediatric dynapenia (muscle weakness). We examined the effects of a 12-week resistance training (RT) program on neuromuscular function and body composition parameters in pubertal children with a risk of dynapenia. METHODS Twelve children (13.4 ± 0.9 y) with dynapenia performed a progressive RT program consisting of knee extension and flexion, bench press, abdominal crunch, back extension, lateral pull-down, elbow flexion, and upright row (1-2 sets of 10-15 repetitions/exercise) twice/week for 12 weeks. Outcome measures included one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque, rate of torque development (RTD), electromyographic (EMG) activity, muscle thickness (MT), muscle quality (MQ) assessed by echo intensity (MQEI) of the knee extensors and specific tension of MVIC torque to thigh fat-free mass (MQST), and total and regional body and bone composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Changes in the measures before and after the 12-week RT and associations among the measures were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.05) increases in 1-RM (63.9 ± 4.5%), MVIC torque (16.3 ± 17.8%), MT (18.8 ± 5.5%) and MQ (MQEI: -25.9 ± 15.2%; MQST: 15.1 ± 18.8%;) were evident from pre- to post-training. Total fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2.3 ± 3.2% from baseline (p = 0.01), but no changes (p > 0.05) in the other measures were observed. Significant (p < 0.05) associations between the changes in 1-RM and/or MVIC torque and the changes in quadriceps MT, MQEI, MQST and total body FFM were evident. CONCLUSIONS The 12-week RT was effective for improving neuromuscular and body composition parameters, and thereby reversed the risk of pediatric dynapenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio V Ruas
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology-Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil.
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, AME2P, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Gabriela Castellano
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology-Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Ronei S Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yen CL, Petrie MA, Suneja M, Shields RK. Neuromuscular and gene signaling responses to passive whole-body heat stress in young adults. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103730. [PMID: 37890230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether acute passive heat stress 1) decreases muscle Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC); 2) increases peripheral muscle fatigue; 3) increases spinal cord excitability, and 4) increases key skeletal muscle gene signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. Examining the biological and physiological markers underlying passive heat stress will assist us in understanding the potential therapeutic benefits. MVCs, muscle fatigue, spinal cord excitability, and gene signaling were examined after control or whole body heat stress in an environmental chamber (heat; 82 °C, 10% humidity for 30 min). Heart Rate (HR), an indicator of stress response, was correlated to muscle fatigue in the heat group (R = 0.59; p < 0.05) but was not correlated to MVC, twitch potentiation, and H reflex suppression. Sixty-one genes were differentially expressed after heat (41 genes >1.5-fold induced; 20 < 0.667 fold repressed). A strong correlation emerged between the session type (control or heat) and principal components (PC1) (R = 0.82; p < 0.005). Cell Signal Transduction, Metabolism, Gene Expression and Transcription, Immune System, DNA Repair, and Metabolism of Proteins were pathway domains with the largest number of genes regulated after acute whole body heat stress. Acute whole-body heat stress may offer a physiological stimulus for people with a limited capacity to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ling Yen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Neuroscience Research Center, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Petrie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Manish Suneja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy and Lucille Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Raiteri BJ, Lauret L, Hahn D. The force-length relation of the young adult human tibialis anterior. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15693. [PMID: 37461407 PMCID: PMC10350298 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the muscle's lengths at which maximum active isometric force is attained is important for predicting forces during movement. However, there is limited information about the in vivo force-length properties of a human muscle that plays crucial roles during locomotion; the tibialis anterior (TA). We therefore aimed to estimate TA's force-length relation from dorsiflexor torque-angle curves constructed from eight women and eight men. Methods Participants performed maximal voluntary fixed-end contractions with their right ankle dorsiflexors from 0° to 30° plantar flexion. Muscle fascicle lengths were estimated from B-mode ultrasound images, and net ankle joint torques were measured using dynamometry. Fascicle forces were estimated by dividing maximal active torques by literature-derived, angle-specific tendon moment arm lengths while assuming a fixed 50% force contribution of TA to the total dorsiflexor force and accounting for fascicle angles. Results Maximal active torques were higher at 15° than 20° and 30° plantar flexion (2.4-6.4 Nm, p ≤ 0.012), whereas maximal active TA fascicle forces were higher at 15° than 0°, 20° and 30° plantar flexion (25-61 N, p ≤ 0.042), but not different between 15° and 10° plantar flexion (15 N, p = 0.277). TA fascicle shortening magnitudes during fixed-end contractions were larger at 15° than 30° plantar flexion (3.9 mm, p = 0.012), but less at 15° than 0° plantar flexion (-2.4 mm, p = 0.001), with no significant differences (≤0.7 mm, p = 0.871) between TA's superficial and deep muscle compartments. Series elastic element stiffness was lowest and highest at lengths 5% shorter and 5% longer than optimum fascicle length, respectively (-30 and 15 N/mm, p ≤ 0.003). Discussion TA produced its maximum active force at 10-15° plantar flexion, and its normalized force-length relation had ascending and descending limbs that agreed with a simple scaled sarcomere model when active fascicle lengths from within TA's superficial or deep muscle compartment were considered. These findings can be used to inform the properties of the contractile and series elastic elements of Hill-type muscle models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J. Raiteri
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Leon Lauret
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hahn
- Human Movement Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lin Z, Blazevich AJ, Abbiss CR, Wilkie JC, Nosaka K. Neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage following a simulated singles badminton match. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1229-1240. [PMID: 36763122 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand muscle damage in badminton, changes in neuromuscular function were investigated after simulated badminton singles matches performed by ten state-level male players. METHODS Each participant played eight matches and measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 1 and 24 h after each match. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of the knee extensors and flexors, voluntary activation (VA) during MVC and torques generated by doublet (TDoublet), 20 (T20) and 80 Hz (T80) electrical stimulations of the knee extensors were measured from the dominant leg (the racket-hold arm side). Muscle soreness was assessed by a 100-mm visual analogue scale from both legs. The number of lunges performed by each participant in each match was analysed by videos, and its relations to other measures were examined. RESULTS Pre-match knee extensor and flexor MVC torques were 278.4 ± 50.8 Nm and 143.0 ± 36.2 Nm, respectively. Knee extensor MVC torque of the dominant leg decreased immediately (12.0 ± 2.9%) and 1 h post-match (16.0 ± 3.2%), but returned to baseline at 24 h post-match. VA (11.4 ± 2.9%), TDoublet (13.1 ± 6.0%), T20 (31.1 ± 12.3%) and T80 (25.5 ± 7.9%) decreased (p < 0.01) immediately post-match but recovered by 24 h post-match. A significant correlation (r = - 0.64, p < 0.01) was observed between the total number of lunges performed in a match (160-240 times) and the magnitude of decrease in MVC torque (6.4-14.7%). Muscle soreness developed more (p < 0.05) for the dominant (51.5 ± 11.6 mm) than the non-dominant leg (18.8 ± 8.6 mm). CONCLUSION Muscle damage induced by singles badminton matches was minimal, but the more the lunges are performed, the greater the neuromuscular fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Lin
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- The Badminton Association of Western Australia, 130 Kingsway, Madeley, WA, 6065, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jodie Cochrane Wilkie
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Kennouche D, Varesco G, Espeit L, Féasson L, Souron R, Rozand V, Millet GY, Lapole T. Acute effects of quadriceps muscle versus tendon prolonged local vibration on force production capacities and central nervous system excitability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2451-2461. [PMID: 36001143 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to directly compare the effects of 30 min muscle (VIBmuscle) vs. tendon (VIBtendon) local vibration (LV) to the quadriceps on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and rate of torque development (RTD) as well as on central nervous system excitability (i.e. motoneuron and cortical excitability). METHODS Before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) LV applied to the quadriceps muscle or its tendon, we investigated MVIC and RTD (STUDY #1; n = 20) or vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) electromyography responses to thoracic electrical stimulation (TMEPs; motoneuron excitability) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (MEPs; corticospinal excitability) (STUDY #2; n = 17). MEP/TMEP ratios were further calculated to quantify changes in cortical excitability. RESULTS MVIC decreased at POST (P = 0.017) without any difference between VIBtendon and VIBmuscle, while RTD decreased for VIBtendon (P = 0.013) but not VIBmuscle. TMEP amplitudes were significantly decreased for all muscles (P = 0.014, P < 0.001 and P = 0.004 for VL, VM and RF, respectively) for both LV sites. While no changes were observed for MEP amplitude, MEP/TMEP ratios increased at POST for VM and RF muscles (P = 0.009 and P = 0.013, respectively) for both VIBtendon and VIBmuscle. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that prolonged muscle and tendon LV are similarly effective in modulating central nervous system excitability and decreasing maximal force. Yet, altered explosive performance after tendon but not muscle LV suggests greater neural alterations when tendons are vibrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djahid Kennouche
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giorgio Varesco
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Loïc Espeit
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,Unité de Myologie, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires - Euro-NMD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Robin Souron
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,UFR STAPS de Toulon, Unité de Recherche IAPS (N°201723207F), UFR STAPS de Toulon, Toulon, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Royer N, Nosaka K, Doguet V, Jubeau M. Neuromuscular responses to isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions of the knee extensors at the same torque-time integral. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021. [PMID: 34591170 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions at the same torque-time integral for changes in neuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage parameters. METHOD Healthy men (18-24 years) were placed to either isometric (ISO), concentric (CONC), or eccentric (ECC) group (n = 11/group) that performed corresponding contractions of the knee extensors to exert the same amount of torque-time integral (24,427 ± 291 Nm·s). Changes in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, voluntary activation, evoked torque at 10 Hz and 100 Hz and its ratio, M-wave amplitude, and muscle soreness were assessed immediately before and after, 1 h, 1 day and 2 days after each exercise, and were compared among the groups. RESULTS MVC torque decreased immediately after ISO (- 17.0 ± 8.3%), CONC (- 21.7 ± 11.5%) and ECC (- 26.2 ± 15.6%) similarly (p = 0.35), but the decrease sustained longer (p < 0.05) for ECC (2 days post-exercise: - 12.9 ± 14.8%) and ISO (- 5.5 ± 7.9%) than CONC (+ 5.0 ± 11.0%). Muscle soreness developed after ECC (25.1 ± 19.8 mm) and ISO (17.5 ± 21.0 mm) similarly (p = 0.15). Voluntary activation decreased immediately (- 3.7 ± 6.6%) and 1 h post-exercise (- 4.7 ± 7.6%) for all groups similarly. Electrically evoked forces decreased greater immediately (- 30.1 ± 15.6%) and 1 h post-exercise (- 35.0 ± 12.8%) for ECC than others, and the decrease in 10/100 Hz ratio was also greater immediately (- 30.5 ± 12.6%) and 1 h after ECC (- 23.8 ± 10.3%) than others. CONCLUSION ISO, CONC and ECC with the same torque-time integral produced similar neuromuscular fatigue at immediately post-exercise, but the force loss was longer-lasting after ISO and ECC than CONC, and the changes in peripheral fatigue parameters were the greatest after ECC, suggesting greater muscle damage.
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Nakatani M, Murata K, Kanehisa H, Takai Y. Force-velocity relationship profile of elbow flexors in male gymnasts. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10907. [PMID: 33777517 PMCID: PMC7971080 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), and power (Pmax) of athletes calculated from the relationship between force and velocity (F-V relationship) and the slope of the F-V relationship, reflect their competitive and training activity profiles. Evaluating the F-V relationship of athletes facilitates categorizing the profiles of dynamic muscle functions in relation to long-term sport-specific training. For gymnastics, however, no studies have tried to examine the profiles of F-V relation and power output for upper limb muscles in relation to the muscularity, while the use of the upper extremities in this sport is very unique as described earlier. Purpose It was hypothesized that the F-V relationship of the elbow flexion in gymnasts might be characterized by low capacity for generating explosive force, notably in terms of the force normalized to muscle size. Methods The F0, V0, and Pmax derived from the force-velocity relationship during explosive elbow flexion against six different loads (unloaded condition, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75% of maximal voluntary isometric elbow flexion force (MVFEF)) for 16 gymnasts (GYM) and 22 judo athletes (JD). F0 and Pmax were expressed as values relative to the cross-sectional area index (CSAindex) of elbow flexors (F0/CSAindex and Pmax/CSAindex, respectively), which was calculated from muscle thickness in the anterior upper arm. The electromyogram (EMG) activities of the biceps brachii (BB) during the maximal isometric and dynamic tasks were also determined. Results There were no significant differences in CSAindex of elbow flexors between GYM and JD. MVFEF/CSAindex for GYM was significantly lower than that for JD. Force was linearly associated with velocity in the dynamic elbow flexion for all the participants (r = − 0.997 to −0.905 for GYM, r = − 0.998 to −0.840 for JD). F0, F0/ CSAindex, V0, Pmax, Pmax/CSAindex, and MVFEF were significantly lower in GYM than in JD. The activity levels of BB during the dynamic tasks tended to be lower in GYM than in JD at load of <45%MVC. Conclusion Gymnasts cannot generate explosive elbow flexion force corresponding to their muscle size. This may be due to low neuromuscular activities during the maximal dynamic tasks against relatively low loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Nakatani
- The Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagosima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Murata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagosima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanehisa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yohei Takai
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagosima, Japan
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Marcel-Millet P, Gimenez P, Groslambert A, Ravier G, Grospretre S. The type of visual biofeedback influences maximal handgrip strength and activation strategies. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1607-1616. [PMID: 33649937 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of force and electromyographic (EMG) feedbacks on forearm muscle activations and handgrip maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC). METHODS Sixteen males performed a set of MIVC in four different feedback conditions: (1) NO-FB: no feedback is given to the participant; (2) FORCE-FB: participants received a visual feedback of the produced force; (3) AGO-FB: participants received a visual feedback of the EMG activity of two agonist grip muscles; (4) ANTAGO-FB: participants received a visual feedback of the EMG activity of two hand extensors muscles. Each feedback was displayed by monitoring the signal of either force or electrical activity of the corresponding muscles. RESULTS Compared to NO-FB, FORCE-FB was associated with a higher MIVC force (+ 11%, P < 0.05), a higher EMG activity of agonist and antagonist muscles (+ 8.7% and + 9.2%, respectively, P < 0.05) and a better MIVC/EMG ratio with the agonist muscles (P < 0.05). AGO-FB was associated with a higher EMG activity of agonist muscles (P < 0.05) and ANTAGO-FB was associated with a higher EMG activity of antagonist muscles (P < 0.05). MIVC force was higher in the agonist feedback condition than in the antagonist feedback condition (+ 5.9%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the MIVC force can be influenced by different visuals feedback, such as force or EMG feedbacks. Moreover, these results suggested that the type of feedback employed could modify the EMG-to-force relationships. Finally, EMG biofeedback could represent an interesting tool to optimize motor strategies. But in the purpose of performing the highest strength independently of the strategy, the force feedback should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philémon Marcel-Millet
- EA4660, C3S Laboratory, UPFR Sports, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 31, Chemin de l'Epitaphe, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- EA4660, C3S Laboratory, UPFR Sports, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 31, Chemin de l'Epitaphe, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Alain Groslambert
- EA4660, C3S Laboratory, UPFR Sports, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 31, Chemin de l'Epitaphe, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Gilles Ravier
- EA4660, C3S Laboratory, UPFR Sports, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 31, Chemin de l'Epitaphe, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Sidney Grospretre
- EA4660, C3S Laboratory, UPFR Sports, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 31, Chemin de l'Epitaphe, 25000, Besançon, France.
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Ema R, Kawaguchi E, Suzuki M, Akagi R. Plantar flexor strength at different knee positions in older and young males and females. Exp Gerontol 2020; 142:111148. [PMID: 33171277 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the effects of age and knee position (fully extended, K0; 90° flexed, K90) on plantar flexor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque and the rate of torque development (RTD) in both sexes. METHODS The following parameters were measured in 32 older (66-81 yr, 17 males and 15 females) and 37 young (20-30 yr, 18 males and 19 females) adults: evoked peak twitch torque, time to peak twitch torque, RTD of the twitch torque, MVC torque, RTD at early (0-50 ms, RTD0-50) and later (100-200 ms, RTD100-200) time intervals during explosive contractions, voluntary activation (VA%) during MVC, root mean square of the electromyogram (RMS-EMG) during MVC and explosive contractions, thickness of the triceps surae, and pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius. The magnitudes of the differences were interpreted based on Cohen's d (d). RESULTS Age-related difference in RTD0-50 was greater for females (d = 1.36) than males (d = 1.03) and vice versa for MVC torque and RTD100-200. For young adults, MVC torque, RTDs, and RMS-EMGs of the gastrocnemius but not the soleus were significantly higher in K0 than in K90. For older adults, no differences in voluntary RTDs were observed between K0 and K90, and RMS-EMGs of the gastrocnemius were higher in K90 than in K0, except for that of the lateral gastrocnemius in the early time intervals during explosive contraction. The age-related difference in the effect of knee position for RTD0-50 was higher in females than males, and vice versa for MVC torque and RTD100-200. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the effects of age and knee joint angle on the plantar flexor performance were more prominent in the early phase of force production for females and were more apparent in the later phase and maximal force for males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ema
- School of Management, Shizuoka Sangyo University, 1572-1 Owara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0043, Japan.
| | - Emi Kawaguchi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Momoka Suzuki
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
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11
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Waller G, Dolby M, Steele J, Fisher JP. A low caffeine dose improves maximal strength, but not relative muscular endurance in either heavier-or lighter-loads, or perceptions of effort or discomfort at task failure in females. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9144. [PMID: 32461833 PMCID: PMC7231502 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The body of literature considering caffeine as an ergogenic aid has primarily considered typically aerobic based exercise, male participants and moderate-to large-caffeine doses. With this in mind the aim of this project was to explore the effects of a low-caffeine dose upon maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and muscular endurance (time to task failure, TTF) at heavier-and lighter-loads. Methods Nineteen physically active, habitual caffeine consuming females randomly performed four testing conditions; two with a low-dose of caffeine (100 mg equating to mean = 1.5 ± 0.18 mg·kg−1) and two placebo conditions, where they performed a maximal strength test (MVC) knee extension at 45° followed by a task of relative muscular endurance (sustained isometric contraction for TTF) using either heavier-(70% MVC) and lighter-(30% MVC) loads. Each participant performed each load condition following both caffeine and placebo consumption. Immediately following cessation of the muscular endurance test participants were asked to report their rating of perceived effort (RPE) and rating of perceived discomfort (RPD). Results Analyses revealed a significant effect for caffeine upon MVC compared to placebo (p = 0.007). We also found a significantly greater TTF for the lighter-compared to the heavier-load condition (p < 0.0001); however, there was no significant effect comparing caffeine to placebo (p = 0.2368), but insufficient precision of estimates to infer equivalence in either lighter-(p = 0.750) or heavier-load (p = 0.262) conditions. There were no statistically significant effects for caffeine compared with placebo, or lighter-compared with heavier-loads, for RPE and RPD (all p > 0.05). RPE was statistically equivalent between caffeine and placebo for both lighter-(p = 0.007) and heavier-load (p = 0.002) conditions and RPD for heavier-(p = 0.006) but not lighter-load (p = 0.136). Discussion This is the first study to demonstrate a positive effect on strength from a low caffeine dose in female participants. However, it is unclear whether caffeine positively impacts upon relative muscular endurance in either heavier-or lighter-loads. Further, both RPE and RPD appear to be relatively similar during isometric tasks performed to task failure independently of caffeine supplementation or load. These findings may have implications for persons wishing to avoid side-effects or withdrawal symptoms associated with larger caffeine doses whilst still attaining the positive strength responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Waller
- School of Sport Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Dolby
- School of Sport Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - James P Fisher
- School of Sport Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
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12
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Quittmann OJ, Meskemper J, Albracht K, Abel T, Foitschik T, Strüder HK. Normalising surface EMG of ten upper-extremity muscles in handcycling: Manual resistance vs. sport-specific MVICs. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 51:102402. [PMID: 32092642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular activity in terms of surface electromyography (sEMG) is usually normalised to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). This study aims to compare two different MVIC-modes in handcycling and examine the effect of moving average window-size. Twelve able-bodied male competitive triathletes performed ten MVICs against manual resistance and four sport-specific trials against fixed cranks. sEMG of ten muscles [M. trapezius (TD); M. pectoralis major (PM); M. deltoideus, Pars clavicularis (DA); M. deltoideus, Pars spinalis (DP); M. biceps brachii (BB); M. triceps brachii (TB); forearm flexors (FC); forearm extensors (EC); M. latissimus dorsi (LD) and M. rectus abdominis (RA)] was recorded and filtered using moving average window-sizes of 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. Sport-specific MVICs were higher compared to manual resistance for TB, DA, DP and LD, whereas FC, TD, BB and RA demonstrated lower values. PM and EC demonstrated no significant difference between MVIC-modes. Moving average window-size had no effect on MVIC outcomes. MVIC-mode should be taken into account when normalised sEMG data are illustrated in handcycling. Sport-specific MVICs seem to be suitable for some muscles (TB, DA, DP and LD), but should be augmented by MVICs against manual/mechanical resistance for FC, TD, BB and RA.
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Hucteau E, Jubeau M, Cornu C, Cattagni T. Is there an intermuscular relationship in voluntary activation capacities and contractile kinetics? Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:513-526. [PMID: 31925519 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The force-generating capacities of human skeletal muscles are interrelated, highlighting a common construct of limb strength. This study aimed to further determine whether there is an intermuscular relationship in maximal voluntary activation capacities and contractile kinetics of human muscles. METHODS Twenty-six young healthy individuals participated in this study. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque, voluntary activation level (VAL), and doublet twitch contractile kinetics (contraction time and half-relaxation time) evoked by a paired supramaximal peripheral nerve stimulation at 100 Hz were obtained in elbow flexors, knee extensors, plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the dominant limb. RESULTS Peak MVC torque had significant positive correlations between all muscle group pairs (all P values < 0.01). A significant positive correlation for VAL was found only between knee extensors and plantar flexors (r = 0.60, P < 0.01). There were no significant correlations between all muscle group pairs for doublet twitch contraction time and doublet twitch half-relaxation time. DISCUSSION These results show that there is a partial common construct of maximal voluntary activation capacities that only concerns muscle groups that have incomplete activation during MVC (i.e., knee extensors and plantar flexors). This suggests that the common construct of MVC strength between these two muscle groups is partly influenced by neural mechanisms. The lack of intermuscular relationship of contractile kinetics showed that there is no common construct of muscle contractile kinetics, as assessed in vivo by investigating the time-course of evoked doublet twitch contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Hucteau
- Laboratoire "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" EA 4334, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, 25 bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, 44 322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Laboratoire "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" EA 4334, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, 25 bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, 44 322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratoire "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" EA 4334, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, 25 bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, 44 322, Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Laboratoire "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" EA 4334, Faculty of Sport Sciences, UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, 25 bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, 44 322, Nantes cedex 3, France.
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Skurvydas A, Zlibinaite L, Solianik R, Brazaitis M, Valanciene D, Baranauskiene N, Majauskiene D, Mickeviciene D, Venckunas T, Kamandulis S. One night of sleep deprivation impairs executive function but does not affect psychomotor or motor performance. Biol Sport 2020; 37:7-14. [PMID: 32205905 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.89936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the impact of one night of sleep deprivation on cognitive, motor and psychomotor performance. Thirty healthy young adult male subjects completed a 24 h control or 24 h sleep deprived trial. For the control trial, participants (N = 15) were allowed normal night sleep (~8 h). For the sleep deprived trial, participants (N = 15) did not sleep for 24 h. Cognitive performance during go/no-go, Stroop and simple reaction tasks, psychomotor performance during speed-accuracy tasks with fixed and unfixed targets, and motor performance during countermovement jump, hand grip strength, and 30-s maximal voluntary contraction tasks were evaluated on day 1 at 8 am and 7 pm and on day 2 at 8 am. One night of sleep deprivation impaired psychological well-being and executive function but did not affect simple reaction time, the capacity for arm and leg muscle contraction, motor control performance during a speed–accuracy task with both fixed and unfixed targets, and central and peripheral motor fatigue in the 30 s maximal voluntary contraction task. The present study showed that one night of sleep deprivation resulted in executive function deterioration but did not modify motor control or maximal effort requiring performance of motor tasks.
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15
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Ye X, Miller WM, Jeon S, Carr JC. Sex comparisons of the bilateral deficit in proximal and distal upper body limb muscles. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 64:329-37. [PMID: 30836207 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral deficit (BLD) describes a phenomenon that the force produced during maximal simultaneous bilateral contraction is lower than the sum of those produced unilaterally. The aim of this study was to examine the potential sex-related differences in BLD in upper body proximal and distal limb muscles. Ten men and eight women performed single-joint maximal contractions with their elbow flexors and index finger abductors at separate laboratory visits, during which the maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVICs) were performed unilaterally and bilaterally with a randomized order in the designated muscle group. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the prime movers of the designated muscle groups (biceps brachii and first dorsal interosseous) during the maximal contractions. Both men and women demonstrated BLD in their elbow flexors (deficit: men = -11.0 ± 6.3%; women = -10.2 ± 5.0%). Accompanied by this force deficit was the reduced EMG amplitude from the dominant biceps brachii (collapsed across sex: p = 0.045). For the index finger abductors, only men (deficit = -13.7 ± 6.1%), but not women showed BLD. Our results suggested that the BLD in the proximal muscle group is likely induced by the decreased maximal muscle activity from the dominant prime mover. The absence of BLD in women's index finger muscle is largely due to the inter-subject variability possibly related to the sex hormone flux and unique levels of interhemispheric inhibition.
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Macgregor LJ, Fairweather MM, Bennett RM, Hunter AM. The Effect of Foam Rolling for Three Consecutive Days on Muscular Efficiency and Range of Motion. Sports Med Open 2018; 4:26. [PMID: 29884972 PMCID: PMC5993692 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foam rolling (FR) has been shown to alleviate some symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and has been suggested to increase range of motion (ROM) without negatively impacting strength. However, it is unclear what neuromuscular effects, if any, mediate these changes. METHODS In a randomized, crossover design, 16 healthy active males completed 2 min of rest or FR of the knee extensors on three consecutive days. Mechanical properties of vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) were assessed via Tensiomyography. Knee extension maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and knee flexion ROM were also assessed, and surface electromyography amplitude (RMS) was recorded during a submaximal isometric contraction (50% of MVC). Measures were performed before and after (0, 15, and 30 min) FR or rest. RESULTS MVC was reduced on subsequent days in the rest condition compared to FR (p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.04); ROM was not different across time or condition (p = 0.193, pη2 = 0.01). Stiffness characteristics of the VL were different on the third day of FR (p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.03). RMS was statistically reduced 0, 15, and 30 min after FR compared to rest (p = 0.006, pη2 = 0.03; p = 0.003, pη2 = 0.04; p = 0.002, pη2 = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Following FR, MVC was elevated compared to rest and RMS was transiently reduced during a submaximal task. Excitation efficiency of the involved muscles may have been enhanced by FR, which protected against the decline in MVC which was observed with rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Macgregor
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | | | - Ryan M Bennett
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Angus M Hunter
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Coratella G, Grosprêtre S, Gimenez P, Mourot L. Greater fatigability in knee-flexors vs. knee-extensors after a standardized fatiguing protocol. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1110-1118. [PMID: 29738677 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1469674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a standardized fatiguing protocol on central and peripheral fatigue in knee-flexors and knee-extensors. Thirteen healthy men (age: 23 ± 3 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.09 m; body-mass: 73.6 ± 9.2 kg) volunteered for the present study. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), Electromyography (EMG) activity, voluntary activation level (VAL) as an index of central fatigue and twitch potentiation as an index of peripheral fatigue were measured before and after the fatiguing protocol. The fatiguing protocol consisted of a 0.6 duty-cycle to exhaustion (6 s isometric contraction, 4 s recovery) at 70% MVC. After the fatiguing protocol, MVC decreased in both (Effect-size (ES) = 1.14) and knee-extensors (ES = 1.14), and EMG activity increased in both knee-flexors (ES = 2.33) and knee-extensors (ES = 1.54). Decreases in VAL occurred in knee-flexors (ES = 0.92) but not in knee-extensors (ES = 0.04). Decreases in potentiation occurred in both knee-flexors (ES = 0.84) and knee-extensors (ES = 0.58). The greater central occurrence of fatigue in knee-flexors than in knee-extensors may depend on the different muscle morphology and coupled with a greater tolerance to fatigue in knee-extensors. The present data add further insight to the complicated knee-flexors-to-knee-extensors strength relationship and the mechanisms behind the different occurrence of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Coratella
- a EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Sidney Grosprêtre
- a EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- a EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- c EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform , Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Besançon , France.,d Department of Physical Training , Tomsk Polytechnic University , Tomsk , Russia
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Natsume T, Ozaki H, Kakigi R, Kobayashi H, Naito H. Effects of training intensity in electromyostimulation on human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1339-1347. [PMID: 29679248 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training can induce muscle hypertrophy at the whole muscle and muscle fiber levels. However, whether low-intensity NMES training has a similar result is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether low-intensity NMES training could elicit muscle hypertrophy at the whole muscle and muscle fiber levels in the human skeletal muscle. METHODS Eight untrained young males were subjected to 18 min of unilateral NMES training for 8 weeks. One leg received NMES at maximal tolerable intensity (HIGH); the other leg received NMES at an intensity half of that in the HIGH condition (LOW). Quadriceps muscle thickness (MT), muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and knee extension strength were measured before and after the training period. RESULTS The average training intensity throughout the intervention period in the HIGH and LOW conditions were 62.5 ± 4.6% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 32.6 ± 2.6% MVC, respectively. MT, CSA, and muscle strength increased in both exercise conditions (p < 0.05); however, training effects in the LOW condition were lower than those in the HIGH condition (p < 0.05). The average training intensity showed a positive correlation with percent changes in muscle strength (r = 0.797, p = 0.001), MT (r = 0.876, p = 0.001), type I fiber CSA (r = 0.730, p = 0.01), and type II fiber CSA (r = 0.899, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low-intensity NMES could increase MT, muscle fiber CSA, and muscle strength in healthy human skeletal muscles. However, the magnitude of increase is lower in low-intensity than in high-intensity NMES training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Natsume
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Hayao Ozaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, 3-2-7 Miyamachi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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Kuzyk SL, Smart RR, Simpson CL, Fedorov A, Jakobi JM. Influence of fascicle length on twitch potentiation of the medial gastrocnemius across three ankle angles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1199-1207. [PMID: 29600331 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Length dependence of post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a well-established phenomenon in animal models but less certain in intact whole human muscles. Recent advances in B-mode ultrasonography provide real-time imaging and evaluation of human muscle fascicles in vivo, thus removing the assumption that joint positioning alters fascicle length and influences the extent of PAP. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a conditioning maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) would influence the return of medial gastrocnemius (MG) fascicles to baseline length and alter the extent of twitch potentiation between three ankle positions. METHODS Ultrasonography was used to measure MG fascicle length for baseline and potentiated twitches at angles of 10° dorsiflexion (DF), 0° neutral (NEU-tibia perpendicular to the sole of the foot), and 20° plantar flexion (PF). A MVC was used as a conditioning contraction and PAP determined for each ankle angle. RESULTS PAP of the plantar flexors was greater in PF (28.8 ± 2.6%) compared to NEU (19.8 ± 1.8%; p < 0.05) and DF (9.3 ± 2.8%; p < 0.0001). In PF, fascicle lengths (4.64 ± 0.17 cm) were shorter than both NEU (5.78 ± 0.15 cm; p < 0.0001) and DF (6.09 ± 0.15 cm; p < 0.0001). Fascicle lengths for the baseline twitches were longer (5.92 ± 0.11 cm) than the potentiated twitches (5.83 ± 0.10 cm; p < 0.01) at all joint angles. CONCLUSION Although PAP is greatest in PF compared to NEU and DF, the higher PAP in the PF joint angle cannot be attributed to fascicles remaining shortened following the MVC because across all joint positions, fascicles are similarly shortened following the MVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Kuzyk
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Lab Group, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 133-1147 Research Road (Arts Building), Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Rowan R Smart
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Lab Group, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 133-1147 Research Road (Arts Building), Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Carey L Simpson
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Lab Group, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 133-1147 Research Road (Arts Building), Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andrey Fedorov
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Lab Group, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 133-1147 Research Road (Arts Building), Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Jakobi
- Healthy Exercise and Aging Lab Group, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 133-1147 Research Road (Arts Building), Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Sammali F, Xu L, Rabotti C, Cardinale M, Xu Y, van Dijk JP, Zwarts MJ, Del Prete Z, Mischi M. Effects of vibration-induced fatigue on the H-reflex. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 39:134-41. [PMID: 29500993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibration exercise (VE) has been suggested as an effective training for improving muscle strength and coordination. However, the underlying physiological adaptation processes are not yet fully understood, limiting the development of safe and effective exercise protocols. To better understand the neuromuscular responses elicited by VE, we aimed at investigating the acute effects of superimposed vibration on the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex), measured after fatiguing exercise. Twenty-five volunteers performed four isometric contractions of the right Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) with baseline load at 80% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), both with no vibration and with superimposed vibration at 15, 30, and 45 Hz. Fatigue was estimated by MVC test and estimation of electromyographic spectral compression. H-reflex suppression was estimated as the relative decrease after exercise. Our results show that fatiguing exercise determined a decrease in H-reflex amplitude compared to rest condition while vibration determined a lower H-reflex suppression as compared to no vibration. The superimposition of 30-Hz vibration determined the largest acute reduction in force generating capacity (36 N, p < 0.05) and the lowest H-reflex suppression (20%, p < 0.05). These results suggest VE to be particularly suitable in rehabilitation programs for rapid restoration of muscle form and function after immobilization periods.
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Hammer AM, Hammer RL, Lomond KV, O'Connor P. Acute changes of hip joint range of motion using selected clinical stretching procedures: A randomized crossover study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017; 32:70-77. [PMID: 28888207 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip adductor flexibility and strength is an important component of athletic performance and many activities of daily living. Little research has been done on the acute effects of a single session of stretching on hip abduction range of motion (ROM). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare 3 clinical stretching procedures against passive static stretching and control on ROM and peak isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). DESIGN Using a randomized crossover study design, a total of 40 participants (20 male and 20 female) who had reduced hip adductor muscle length attended a familiarization session and 5 testing sessions on non-consecutive days. METHOD Following the warm-up and pre-intervention measures of ROM and MVC, participants were randomly assigned 1 of 3 clinical stretching procedures (modified lunge, multidirectional, and joint mobilization) or a static stretch or control condition. Post-intervention measures of ROM and MVC were taken immediately following completion of the assigned condition. RESULTS An ANOVA using a repeated measure design with the change score was conducted. All interventions resulted in small but statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases (1.0°-1.7°) in ROM with no inter-condition differences except one. Multidirectional stretching was greater than control (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a single session of stretching has only a minimal effect on acute changes of hip abduction ROM. Although hip abduction is a frontal plane motion, to effectively increase the extensibility of the structures that limit abduction, integrating multi-planar stretches may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Hammer
- Central Michigan University, Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, 1220 Health Professions Building, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Roger L Hammer
- Central Michigan University, Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, 2219 Health Professions Building, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Karen V Lomond
- Central Michigan University, Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, 2219 Health Professions Building, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
| | - Paul O'Connor
- Central Michigan University, Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, School of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science, 2219 Health Professions Building, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
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Stock MS, Mota JA. Shifts in the relationship between motor unit recruitment thresholds versus derecruitment thresholds during fatigue. Med Eng Phys 2017; 50:35-42. [PMID: 28918955 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is associated with diminished twitch force amplitude. We examined changes in the motor unit recruitment versus derecruitment threshold relationship during fatigue. Nine men (mean age = 26 years) performed repeated isometric contractions at 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) knee extensor force until exhaustion. Surface electromyographic signals were detected from the vastus lateralis, and were decomposed into their constituent motor unit action potential trains. Motor unit recruitment and derecruitment thresholds and firing rates at recruitment and derecruitment were evaluated at the beginning, middle, and end of the protocol. On average, 15 motor units were studied per contraction. For the initial contraction, three subjects showed greater recruitment thresholds than derecruitment thresholds for all motor units. Five subjects showed greater recruitment thresholds than derecruitment thresholds for only low-threshold motor units at the beginning, with a mean cross-over of 31.6% MVC. As the muscle fatigued, many motor units were derecruited at progressively higher forces. In turn, decreased slopes and increased y-intercepts were observed. These shifts were complemented by increased firing rates at derecruitment relative to recruitment. As the vastus lateralis fatigued, the central nervous system's compensatory adjustments resulted in a shift of the regression line of the recruitment versus derecruitment threshold relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Stock
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Central Florida, Health and Public Affairs Bldg I, Room 258, 4364 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Jacob A Mota
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Mota JA, Stock MS. Rectus Femoris Echo Intensity Correlates with Muscle Strength, but Not Endurance, in Younger and Older Men. Ultrasound Med Biol 2017; 43:1651-1657. [PMID: 28533003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined correlations between echo intensity and muscle strength and endurance. Rectus femoris echo intensity, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force and time to task failure during a 50% MVC task were determined for 12 younger (mean age = 25 y) and 13 older (mean age = 74 y) men. Bivariate correlations between echo intensity and normalized MVC force were similar for younger and older men, but was only statistically significant for the latter (younger r = -0.559, p = 0.059; older r = -0.580, p = 0.038). When all patients were combined, the correlation was significant (r = -0.733, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were not observed for time to task failure (younger r = -0.382, p = 0.221; older r = -0.347, p = 0.246; all patients r = -0.229, p = 0.270). Rectus femoris echo intensity is associated with muscle strength, but not endurance, in younger and older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Mota
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt S Stock
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Department of Health Professions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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Bech KT, Larsen CM, Sjøgaard G, Holtermann A, Taylor JL, Søgaard K. Voluntary activation of the trapezius muscle in cases with neck/shoulder pain compared to healthy controls. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 36:56-64. [PMID: 28735103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjects reporting neck/shoulder pain have been shown to generate less force during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the shoulder muscles compared to healthy controls. This has been suggested to be caused by a pain-related decrease in voluntary activation (VA) rather than lack of muscle mass. The aim of the present study was to investigate VA of the trapezius muscle during MVCs in subjects with and without neck/shoulder pain by use of the twitch interpolation technique. Ten cases suffering from pain and ten age and gender matched, healthy controls were included in the study. Upper trapezius muscle thickness was measured using ultrasonography and pain intensity was measured on a 100mm visual analog scale (VAS). VA was calculated from five maximal muscle activation attempts. Superimposed stimuli were delivered to the accessory nerve at peak force and during a 2% MVC following the maximal contraction. Presented as mean±SD for cases and controls, respectively: VAS; 16.0±14.4mm and 2.1±4.1mm (P=0.004), MVC; 545±161N and 664±195N (P=0.016), upper trapezius muscle thickness; 10.9±1.9mm and 10.4±1.5mm (P=0.20), VA; 93.6±14.2% and 96.3±6.0% (P=0.29). In spite of significantly eight-fold higher pain intensity and ∼20% lower MVC for cases compared to controls, no difference was found in VA. Possible explanations for the reduction in MVC could be differences in co-activation of antagonists and synergists as well as muscle quality.
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Ema R, Saito M, Ohki S, Takayama H, Yamada Y, Akagi R. Association between rapid force production by the plantar flexors and balance performance in elderly men and women. Age (Dordr) 2016; 38:475-483. [PMID: 27581165 PMCID: PMC5266226 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plantar flexion strength and balance ability are considered to be crucial for avoiding falls. However, no clear relationship has been established between these two factors in elderly population. This study aimed to examine the association between plantar flexion strength and balance performance in elderly men and women. Forty-three men and 35 women aged over 65 years performed isometric plantar flexion as fast and hard as possible. From the time-torque curve, the rate of torque development in time intervals of 30, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ms from the onset of contraction was determined and normalized to peak torque. In addition, the center of pressure displacement during single-leg standing was calculated and normalized to height. When the data were collapsed over sexes, the normalized rate of torque development was negatively correlated with the normalized center of pressure displacement, except for the time interval of 200 ms. By sex, regardless of the time interval, there was a negative correlation between the normalized rate of torque development and the normalized center of pressure displacement in the elderly men but not in the elderly women. No correlation was seen between the peak torque and normalized center of pressure displacement in either pooled or separated data. The findings suggest that the capability of rapid force production rather than maximal force production of the plantar flexion is important for balance ability in elderly men, but this capability may not be relevant in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ema
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Megumi Saito
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohki
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takayama
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
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Jensen HB, Nielsen JL, Ravnborg M, Dalgas U, Aagaard P, Stenager E. Effect of slow release-Fampridine on muscle strength, rate of force development, functional capacity and cognitive function in an enriched population of MS patients. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 10:137-144. [PMID: 27919481 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DESIGN This study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled parallel group trial preceded by open label enrichment phase. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were 1) to examine the effect of SR-Fampridine treatment on muscle strength in terms of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) of the lower extremities and 2) to replicate previously published data on the effect of slow release-Fampridine (SR-Fampridine) on the functional capacity of the lower limbs, the upper limb and cognitive function, in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). METHODS Previously identified responders to SR-Fampridine were randomized to SR- Fampridine or placebo treatment for four weeks. On days 0 and 26-28 participants underwent testing by isokinetic dynamometry, Nine Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Six Spot Step Test (SSST), Timed 25 Foot Walk Test (T25FW) and 5-Times Sit-to-Stand (5-STS). RESULTS A statistical significant effect of SR-Fampridine on MVC was demonstrated during knee extension, knee flexion and hip flexion of the weakest leg, as well as on RFD during knee extension and knee flexion of the weakest leg. Furthermore, a significant effect of SR-Fampridine on T25FW, SSST and 5-STS was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Gold standard dynamometry assessment of muscle strength showed improved MVC and RFD in persons with MS treated with SR-Fampridine compared to placebo. Furthermore, previous findings on the effects of SR-Fampridine on functional capacity of the lower limbs were replicated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01656148.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Jensen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; MS-clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Vejle, Esbjerg), Department of Neurology, Sønderborg Hospital, Denmark.
| | - J L Nielsen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - M Ravnborg
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - U Dalgas
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - E Stenager
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; MS-clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Vejle, Esbjerg), Department of Neurology, Sønderborg Hospital, Denmark
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Lidstone DE, van Werkhoven H, Stewart JA, Gurchiek R, Burris M, Rice P, Feimster G, McBride JM. Medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon interaction and architecture change during exhaustive hopping exercise. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 30:89-97. [PMID: 27362587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has shown in vivo changes in muscle-tendon interaction during exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise. It is unclear whether these changes in muscle-tendon length during exhaustive SSC exercise are associated with changes in mechanical efficiency (ME). The purpose of the study was to investigate whether changes in platarflexor contractile component (CC) length, tendon length, and changes in plantarflexor muscle activity could explain reduction in ME during exhaustive SSC exercise. METHODS Eight males participated in an exhaustive hopping task to fatigue. Mechanical work and energy expenditure were calculated at different time-points during the hopping task. Furthermore, hopping kinetics and kinematics, medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle activity, and in vivo ultrasound of the MG were also collected at different time-points throughout the hopping task. RESULTS ME did not change during the hopping protocol despite shorter tendon and longer CC lengths as subjects approached exhaustion. Percent decreases in pennation angle and muscle thickness were most strongly correlated to time to exhaustion (r=0.94, p⩽0.05; r=0.87, p⩽0.05; respectively). Percent changes in CC length change and pennation angle were strongly correlated to percent decrease in maximal voluntary isometric plantarflexion (MVIP) force (r=-0.71, p⩽0.04; r=0.70, p⩽0.05; respectively). Braking/push-off EMG ratio increased from initial pre-fatigue values to all other time points showing neuromuscular adaptations to altered muscle lengths. CONCLUSION Findings from the current study suggest that changes in CC and tendon lengths occur during repetitive hopping to exhaustion, with the amount change strongly related to time to exhaustion. ME of hopping remained unchanged in the presence of altered CC and tendon lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Lidstone
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | - Herman van Werkhoven
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Justin A Stewart
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Reed Gurchiek
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Madison Burris
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Paige Rice
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Garrett Feimster
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
| | - Jeffrey M McBride
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Holmes Convocation Center, 111 Rivers St, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to devise a non-damaging high-intensity intermittent running protocol. Ten healthy active men completed high-intensity interval running (8× 3-min bouts at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake interspersed with 3-min recovery) on a motorized treadmill under normal laboratory temperatures. Mean heart rate and rating of perceived exertion significantly increased during the intermittent protocol (the first bout, 15.3± 1.2; the final bout, 18.6± 0.9; P< 0.001). Blood lactate concentrations were significantly elevated following bout 1 compared with resting values (1.2± 0.3 mmol/L vs 5.4± 2.4 mmol/L; P = 0.03). However, no significant reduction in maximal voluntary contraction was observed immediately after completing the last exercise bout (623.9± 143.6 N) or during the subsequent 7-d period compared to pre-exercise values (P = 0.59). Creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were not significantly increased following exercise or during the subsequent 7-d period (P = 0.96). Myoglobin (Mb) content was significantly increased following exercise (P = 0.01), however, values returned towards pre-exercise concentrations after 24 h. These results indicate that the high-intensity intermittent running protocol induced changes in physiological and subjective indices that are consistent with the effects of acute fatigue as opposed to those changes normally associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. This exercise protocol can therefore be used to investigate the influence of high-intensity exercise from physiological responses to molecular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hwa Joo
- Department of Football Science, College of Health Science, Ho Nam University, Gwangju, Korea
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Chang WD, Lai PT. New design of home-based dynamic hand splint for hemiplegic hands: a preliminary study. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:829-31. [PMID: 25931740 PMCID: PMC4395724 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Hemiplegia following a stroke can affect hand movement; therefore,
reconstructing hand function is the most desired outcome for stroke patients. The purpose
of this study was to explore the application of rehabilitation through the use of a
dynamic hand splint and observes its effects on the muscle strength and functional
activity of the affected hands. [Subjects and Methods] Chronic stroke patients who
underwent a 3-month conventional rehabilitation using the dynamic hand splint were
recruited . Evaluations (e.g., electromyography, grip and finger strength appraisals, and
Fugl-Meyer assessment) were conducted before the test, and after the 1 and 3 month’s
intervention. The hemiplegic hands intermediately and after the treatment to assess
improvement in hand-muscle strength and functional increase of the hand movements were
evaluated. Patient response to use of the dynamic hand splint was assessed using a
satisfaction scale after treatment. [Results] The results for maximal voluntary
contraction of the extensor and flexor muscles and wrist and finger strength showed a
statistically significant increase from the pretest to after 1 and 3 month’s intervention.
[Conclusion] Wearing a dynamic hand splint for home-use as a supplementary training
program in addition to hospital-based rehabilitation can effectively increase the muscle
strength of hemiplegic hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dien Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tung Lai
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Da-Chien General Hospital, Taiwan
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Dittrich N, de Lucas RD, Maioral MF, Diefenthaeler F, Guglielmo LGA. Continuous and intermittent running to exhaustion at maximal lactate steady state: neuromuscular, biochemical and endocrinal responses. J Sci Med Sport 2013; 16:545-9. [PMID: 23391432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to characterize the neuromuscular, biochemical, and endocrinal responses from a running to exhaustion mode at the maximal lactate steady state intensity during continuous and intermittent protocols. DESIGN Pre-post test measures. METHODS Twelve athletes performed an incremental treadmill test, several constant speed tests to determine the maximal lactate steady state at continuous and intermittent (5:1 ratio) models and two randomized tests until exhaustion at such intensities. Knee extension torque and blood sampling were collected before and immediately after the time to exhaustion tests. RESULTS The results showed a significant decrement (∼15%) in torque production after time to exhaustion tests for both exercise models. In addition to neuromuscular impairment, an acute increase of 65% and 38% was observed creatine kinase, during continuous and intermittent running, respectively. Regarding hormonal responses when compared to baseline measurements, cortisol increased by 132% and 121% in the continuous and intermittent protocols, respectively. No correlation was found between biochemical, endocrinal and the neuromuscular variables. CONCLUSIONS The present findings showed that running until exhaustion performed at maximal lactate steady state, significantly impaired muscle strength and increased hormonal and muscle damage markers in two different protocols (i.e. continuous and intermittent) amongst trained runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiandra Dittrich
- Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Physical Effort Laboratory, Brazil.
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