1
|
do Amaral DF, Montalvão MF, de Oliveira Mendes B, da Costa Araújo AP, de Lima Rodrigues AS, Malafaia G. Sub-lethal effects induced by a mixture of different pharmaceutical drugs in predicted environmentally relevant concentrations on Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802) (Anura, ranidae) tadpoles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:600-616. [PMID: 30411290 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of medications by humans has negative effects such as the increased disposal of these compounds in the environment. Little is known about how the disposal of a "drug mix" (DM) in aquatic ecosystems can affect their biota. Thus, we evaluated whether the exposure of Lithobates casteibeianus tadpoles to a DM composed of different medication classes (antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antacid drugs)-at environmentally relevant concentrations-may change their oral morphology, trigger behavioral disorders, and have mutagenic effects on erythrocyte cells. Based on our data, animals exposed to the DM showed changes in mandibular sheath pigmentation, dentition, and swimming activity, as well as atypical behavior in the social aggregation test [with co-specific and interspecific (Physalaemus cuvieri) individuals] and antipredatory defensive response deficit (chemical stimulus from Odonata larvae), after 15 exposure days. The mutagenic analysis revealed higher frequency of nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed to the DM (e.g., multilobulated, blebbed, kidney-shaped, notched nucleus, binuclear, and micronucleated erythrocytes). Given the chemical complexity of the DM, we assumed that several organic functions may have been affected, either by the isolated, synergistic, antagonistic, or additive action of DM compounds. Finally, our study confirms the toxicological potential of DM in L. catesbeianus tadpoles, with emphasis to impacts that can affect the fitness of individuals and their natural populations. Thus, we suggest that more attention should be given to the disposal of medications in the environment and reinforce the need of improving water and sewage treatment systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Ferreira do Amaral
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Mendes
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
- Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources - Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Biologigal Sciences Department, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute-Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, 2,5 km, Zona Rural, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|