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Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Simak ML, Fraile-Fuente I, Rizzi N, Washif JA, Zmijewski P, Jahrami H, Schöllhorn WI. Unveiling the acute neurophysiological responses to strength training: An exploratory study on novices performing weightlifting bouts with different motor learning models. Biol Sport 2024; 41:249-274. [PMID: 38524821 PMCID: PMC10955729 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.133481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is limited evidence regarding various neurophysiological responses to strength exercise and the influence of the adopted practice schedule. This study aimed to assess the acute systemic effects of snatch training bouts, employing different motor learning models, on skill efficiency, electric brain activity (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), and perceived exertion as well as mental demand in novices. In a within-subject design, sixteen highly active males (mean age: 23.13 ± 2.09 years) randomly performed snatch learning bouts consisting of 36 trials using repetitive learning (RL), contextual interference (blocked, CIb; and serial, CIs), and differential learning (DL) models. Spontaneous resting EEG and HRV activities were recorded at PRE and POST training bouts while measuring heart rate. Perceived exertion and mental demand were assessed immediately after, and barbell kinematics were recorded during three power snatch trials performed following the POST measurement. The results showed increases in alpha, beta, and gamma frequencies from pre- to post-training bouts in the majority of the tested brain regions (p values ranging from < 0.0001 to 0.02). The CIb model exhibited increased frequencies in more regions. Resting time domain HRV parameters were altered following the snatch bouts, with increased HR (p < 0.001) and decreased RR interval (p < 0.001), SDNN, and RMSSD (p values ranging from < 0.0001 to 0.02). DL showed more pronounced pulse-related changes (p = 0.01). Significant changes in HRV frequency domain parameters were observed, with a significant increase in LFn (p = 0.03) and a decrease in HFn (p = 0.001) registered only in the DL model. Elevated HR zones (> HR zone 3) were more dominant in the DL model during the snatch bouts (effect size = 0.5). Similarly, the DL model tended to exhibit higher perceived physical (effect size = 0.5) and mental exertions (effect size = 0.6). Despite the highest psycho-physiological response, the DL group showed one of the fewest significant EEG changes. There was no significant advantage of one learning model over the other in terms of technical efficiency. These findings offer preliminary support for the acute neurophysiological benefits of coordination-strength-based exercise in novices, particularly when employing a DL model. The advantages of combining EEG and HRV measurements for comprehensive monitoring and understanding of potential adaptations are also highlighted. However, further studies encompassing a broader range of coordination-strength-based exercises are warranted to corroborate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit: “Physical Activity, Sport, and Health”, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Marvin Leonard Simak
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Fraile-Fuente
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolas Rizzi
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Merriman SE, Revell KMA, Plant KL. Training for the safe activation of Automated Vehicles matters: Revealing the benefits of online training to creating glaringly better mental models and behaviour. Appl Ergon 2023; 112:104057. [PMID: 37285640 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Automated Vehicle (AV) systems are expected to reduce the frequency and severity of on-road collisions. Unless drivers have an appropriate mental model for the capabilities and limitations of the automation, they may not activate the automation safely or appropriately on the road, potentially leading to a collision. As such, a training package (L4DTP) was developed to improve drivers' decisions and behaviour when activating an AV system and this was evaluated in a between-subjects simulator experiment. Drivers received no training (NT, control group), read an owner's manual (OM, experimental group 1: current training provision) or underwent the L4DTP (experimental group 2: new training programme). All drivers then experienced five scenarios in a driving simulator where they encountered road conditions which were safe and unsafe for activation. Their activation decisions, behaviour, trust in automation, workload and mental models were measured. This experiment found that drivers who read the OM or underwent the L4DTP made better activation decisions and showed better activation behaviour compared to drivers who received NT. Additionally, drivers who underwent the L4DTP found it easier, less demanding and felt under less time pressure when making their decisions, had to expend less effort to reach the same activation performance and had more appropriate and comprehensive mental models for when the automation can be activated compared to drivers who read the OM. This L4DTP can make roads safer by reducing collisions linked to poor activation decisions and behaviour. Therefore, there is the potential for a real benefit for society if this training programme is adopted into mandatory AV driver training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan E Merriman
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Burgess Road, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK.
| | - Kirsten M A Revell
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Burgess Road, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK.
| | - Katherine L Plant
- Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Boldrewood Innovation Campus, University of Southampton, Burgess Road, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK.
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Abbruzzese K, Valentino AL, Scholl L, Hampp EL, Chen Z, Smith R, Byrd ZO, Mont MA. Physical and Mental Demand During Total Hip Arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 2022; 53:413-419. [PMID: 36208884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared differences in (1) task duration; (2) biometric parameters (ie, caloric energy expenditure, heart rate); and (3) subjective measures of mental as well as physical demand of robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) and manual THA. A total of 12 THAs were performed on 6 cadaveric specimens by two surgeons using a wearable technology to track biometric parameters and taking a questionnaire to compare the physical and mental demands. The results of our study suggest that as compared with manual techniques, robotic assistance for THA may reduce mental and physical fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Abbruzzese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stryker, 325 Corporate Drive, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
| | - Alexandra L Valentino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stryker, 325 Corporate Drive, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
| | - Laura Scholl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stryker, 325 Corporate Drive, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
| | - Emily L Hampp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stryker, 325 Corporate Drive, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2411 W Belvedere Avenue #104, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute of Ohio, 801 Medical Drive - Suite A, Lima, OH 45804, USA
| | - Zackary O Byrd
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Joint Implant Surgeons, 7277 Smiths Mill Road Suite 200, New Albany, OH 43054, USA
| | - Michael A Mont
- Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, 2411 W Belvedere Avenue #104, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA; Northwell Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, New York, NY 10075, USA.
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Naik R, Kogkas A, Ashrafian H, Mylonas G, Darzi A. The Measurement of Cognitive Workload in Surgery Using Pupil Metrics: A Systematic Review and Narrative Analysis. J Surg Res 2022; 280:258-272. [PMID: 36030601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased cognitive workload (CWL) is a well-established entity that can impair surgical performance and increase the likelihood of surgical error. The use of pupil and gaze tracking data is increasingly being used to measure CWL objectively in surgery. The aim of this review is to summarize and synthesize the existing evidence that surrounds this. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A search of OVID MEDLINE, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Google Scholar, APA PsychINFO, and EMBASE was conducted for articles published in English between 1990 and January 2021. In total, 6791 articles were screened and 32 full-text articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. A narrative analysis was undertaken in view of the heterogeneity of studies. RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of selected studies were deemed high quality. The most frequent surgical environment and task studied was surgical simulation (75%) and performance of laparoscopic skills (56%) respectively. The results demonstrated that the current literature can be broadly categorized into pupil, blink, and gaze metrics used in the assessment of CWL. These can be further categorized according to their use in the context of CWL: (1) direct measurement of CWL (n = 16), (2) determination of expertise level (n = 14), and (3) predictors of performance (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Eye-tracking data provide a wealth of information; however, there is marked study heterogeneity. Pupil diameter and gaze entropy demonstrate promise in CWL assessment. Future work will entail the use of artificial intelligence in the form of deep learning and the use of a multisensor platform to accurately measure CWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Naik
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexandros Kogkas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George Mylonas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ara Darzi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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