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Yang E, Lee JW, Chang PS, Park IK. Development of chitosan-coated nanoemulsions of two sulfides present in onion (Allium cepa) essential oil and their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:69200-69209. [PMID: 34291413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a plant parasitic nematode which causes severe damage to several Pinus species. Two natural compounds, dipropyl trisulfide (DPTS) and methyl propyl trisulfide (MPTS), showed strong nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode, presenting 4.24 and 17.81 μg/mL LC50 values, respectively. However, hydrophobicity and low stability have limited their practical use in the field as nematicides. To overcome these problems, chitosan-coated nanoemulsions of DPTS and MPTS were developed. The optimum chitosan concentration for the delivery system of the two sulfides was 0.5%. Optimized chitosan-coated nanoemulsions of sulfides have a uniform size distribution (mean diameter = 203.7 and 207.7 nm, mean polydispersity index = 0.176 and 0.178) with sufficient colloidal stability (mean zeta potential = +40 and +45 mV). The LC50 values of DPTS and MPTS nanoemulsions coated with 0.5% chitosan against the pine wood nematode were 5.01 and 16.60 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, chitosan coating improved the long-term storage stability and persistence of nematicidal activity of the nanoemulsions. This study indicates that the chitosan-coated nanoemulsion is a suitable formulation for sulfides as novel nematicides against the pine wood nematode for field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Kwon Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Bastaki M, Aubanel M, Cachet T, Demyttenaere J, Diop MM, Harman CL, Hayashi SM, Koetzner L, Krammer G, Li X, Llewellyn C, Mendes O, Renskers KJ, Schnabel J, Smith BPC, Taylor SV. Absence of adverse effects following the gavage administration of methyl propyl trisulfide to Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:544-51. [PMID: 30075317 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methyl propyl trisulfide is a flavoring substance found in foods such as garlic and onions. At the request of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for additional toxicological data on methyl propyl trisulfide, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (10/sex/group) were gavaged with 0 (corn oil vehicle control), 0.5, 2, or 6 mg methyl propyl trisulfide/kg bw/day in a 90-day GLP-compliant study. No effects on clinical observations, hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, organ weights, or macroscopic and histopathological examinations were found attributable to ingestion of methyl propyl trisulfide. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for rats of both sexes was the highest dose tested of 6 mg/kg bw/day.
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