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Muller FM, Vanhove C, Vandeghinste B, Vandenberghe S. Performance evaluation of a micro-CT system for laboratory animal imaging with iterative reconstruction capabilities. Med Phys 2022; 49:3121-3133. [PMID: 35170057 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been a rapid proliferation in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) systems becoming more available for routine preclinical research, with applications in many areas including bone, lung, cancer and cardiac imaging. Micro-CT provides the means to non-invasively acquire detailed anatomical information, but high-resolution imaging comes at the cost of longer scan times and higher doses, which is not desirable given the potential risks related to x-ray radiation. To achieve dose reduction and higher throughputs without compromising image quality (noise management), fewer projections can be acquired. This is where iterative reconstruction methods can have the potential to reduce noise since these algorithms can better handle sparse projection data, compared to filtered backprojection PURPOSE: We evaluate the performance characteristics of a compact benchtop micro-CT scanner that provides iterative reconstruction capabilities with GPU-based acceleration. More specifically, we thereby investigate the potential benefit of iterative reconstruction methods for dose reduction. METHODS Based on a series of phantom experiments, the benchtop micro-CT system was characterized in terms of image uniformity, noise, low contrast detectability, linearity and spatial resolution. Whole-body images of a plasticized ex vivo mouse phantom were also acquired. Different acquisition protocols (general-purpose versus high-resolution, including low dose scans) and different reconstruction strategies (analytic versus iterative algorithms: FDK, ISRA, ISRA-TV) were compared. RESULTS Signal uniformity was maintained across the radial and axial field-of-view (no cupping effect) with an average difference in Hounsfield units (HU) between peripheral and central regions below 50. For low contrast detectability, regions with at least ∆HU of 40 to surrounding material could be discriminated (for rods of 2.5 mm diameter). A high linear correlation (R2 = 0.997) was found between measured CT values and iodine concentrations (0-40 mg/ml). Modulation transfer function (MTF) calculations on a wire phantom evaluated a resolution of 10.2 lp/mm at 10% MTF that was consistent with the 8.3% MTF measured on the 50 μm bars (10 lp/mm) of a bar-pattern phantom. Noteworthy changes in signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise values were found for different acquisition and reconstruction protocols. Our results further showed the potential of iterative reconstruction methods to deliver images with less noise and artefacts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the micro-CT system for laboratory animal imaging that was evaluated in the present work was shown to provide a good combination of performance characteristics between image uniformity, low contrast detectability and resolution in short scan times. With the iterative reconstruction capabilities of this micro-CT system in mind (ISRA and ISRA-TV), the adoption of such algorithms by GPU-based acceleration enables the integration of noise reduction methods which here demonstrated potential for high quality imaging at reduced doses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M Muller
- MEDISIP-INFINITY, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- MEDISIP-INFINITY, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan Vandenberghe
- MEDISIP-INFINITY, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Sulaiman SZS, Tan WM, Radzi R, Shafie INF, Ajat M, Mansor R, Mohamed S, Ng AMH, Lau SF. Comparison of bone and articular cartilage changes in osteoarthritis: a micro-computed tomography and histological study of surgically and chemically induced osteoarthritic rabbit models. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:663. [PMID: 34749769 PMCID: PMC8577030 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted condition that affects both the subchondral bones and the articular cartilage. Animal models are widely used as an effective supplement and simulation for human OA studies in investigating disease mechanisms and pathophysiology. This study is aimed to evaluate the temporal changes of bone and cartilage in surgically and chemically induced osteoarthritis using micro-computed tomography and histology. METHODS Thirty rabbits underwent either anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) procedure or injected intraarticularly with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 8 mg) at the right knee joint. The subchondral bones were scanned via micro-CT, and articular cartilage was assessed histologically at 4-, 8- and 12-week post-induction. RESULTS Based on bone micro-architecture parameters, the surgically induced group revealed bone remodelling processes, indicated by increase bone volume, thickening of trabeculae, reduced trabecular separation and reduced porosity. On the other hand, the chemically induced group showed active bone resorption processes depicted by decrease bone volume, thinning of trabeculae, increased separation of trabecular and increased porosity consistently until week 12. Histologically, the chemically induced group showed more severe articular cartilage damage compared to the surgically induced group. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that in the ACLT group, subchondral bone remodelling precedes articular cartilage damage and vice versa in the MIA group. The findings revealed distinct pathogenic pathways for both induction methods, providing insight into tailored therapeutic strategies, as well as disease progression and treatment outcomes monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Zakiah Syed Sulaiman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Miao Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozanaliza Radzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Nur Fatiha Shafie
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozaihan Mansor
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animals Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-Makna Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Angela Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seng Fong Lau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- UPM-Makna Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Adanty K, Rabey KN, Doschak MR, Bhagavathula KB, Hogan JD, Romanyk DL, Adeeb S, Ouellet S, Plaisted TA, Satapathy SS, Dennison CR. Cortical and trabecular morphometric properties of the human calvarium. Bone 2021; 148:115931. [PMID: 33766803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a gap in the literature that quantitatively describes the complex bone microarchitecture within the diploë (trabecular bone) and cortical layers of the human calvarium. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric properties of the diploë and cortical tables of the human calvarium in which key interacting factors of sex, location on the calvarium, and layers of the sandwich structure were considered. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was utilized to capture images at 18 μm resolution of male (n = 26) and female (n = 24) embalmed calvarium specimens in the frontal and parietal regions (N = 50). All images were post-processed and analyzed using vendor bundled CT-Analyzer software to determine the morphometric properties of the diploë and cortical layers. A two-way mixed (repeated measures) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine diploë morphometric properties accounting for factors of sex and location. A three-way mixed ANOVA was performed to determine cortical morphometric properties accounting for factors of cortical layer (inner and outer table), sex, and location. The study revealed no two-way interaction effects between sex and location on the diploë morphometry except for fractal dimension. Trabecular thickness and separation in the diploë were significantly greater in the male specimens; however, females showed a greater number of trabeculae and fractal dimension on average. Parietal specimens revealed a greater porosity, trabecular separation, and deviation from an ideal plate structure, but a lesser number of trabeculae and connectivity compared to the frontal location. Additionally, the study observed a lower density and greater porosity in the inner cortical layer than the outer which may be due to clear distinctions between each layer's physiological environment. The study provides valuable insight into the quantitative morphometry of the calvarium in which finite element modelers of the skull can refer to when designing detailed heterogenous or subject-specific skull models to effectively predict injury. Furthermore, this study contributes towards the recent developments on physical surrogate models of the skull which require approximate measures of calvarium bone architecture in order to effectively fabricate a model and then accurately simulate a traumatic head impact event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adanty
- The Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Karyne N Rabey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Alberta. Postal Address: 2J2.00 WC Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440-112 St. NW, Edmonton T6G 2R7, Alberta, Canada; Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta. Postal Address: 13-15 Tory Building, Edmonton T6G 2H4, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael R Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta. Postal Address: 2-35, Medical Sciences Building, 8613 - 114 Street, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kapil B Bhagavathula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
| | - James D Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Dan L Romanyk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Samer Adeeb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 7-203 Danadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Simon Ouellet
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Postal Address: Valcartier Research Centre, 2459, Route de la Bravoure, Quebec City, Quebec G3J 1X5, Canada.
| | - Thomas A Plaisted
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States of America.
| | - Sikhanda S Satapathy
- US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States of America.
| | - Christopher R Dennison
- The Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Postal Address: 10-203 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Alberta, Canada.
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Liu J, Zhong S, Lan H, Meng X, Zhang H, Fan Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang Z. Mapping the calcification of bovine pericardium in rat model by enhanced micro-computed tomography. Biomaterials 2014; 35:8305-11. [PMID: 24973299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The calcification initiation and progression of bioprosthetic heart valve were investigated in a rat model by enhanced micro-computed tomography, together with histologic study and scanning electron microscope analysis. The implantation data at early stage showed apparent dendritic patterns in the radiographic images for the glutaraldehyde-treated bovine pericardium and this dendritic pattern was verified to be associated with the vessel distribution in the tissue. Histologic study and scanning electron microscope analysis both indicated that the calcium deposits in the pericardium vessels regions were more grievous than those scattered in the collagen fibers in the first two weeks after implantation. Subsequently, calcification spreaded and the entire sample was severely calcified in 60 days.
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