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Goyal T, Singh S, Das Gupta G, Verma SK. Microplastics in environment: a comprehension on sources, analytical detection, health concerns, and remediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:114707-114721. [PMID: 37897575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of ecosystems by microplastics (MPs) has been reported intensively worldwide in the recent decade. A trend of reports indicated their presence in the atmosphere; food items and soil ecosystems are rising continuously. Literature evidenced that MPs are abundant in seawater, beach sand, drinking water, agricultural soils, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, and the atmosphere. The greater abundance of MPs in the environment has led to their invasion of seafood, human-consumed food items such as table salts, beverages, takeout food containers, and disposable cups, marine biological lives, and creating serious health hazards in humans. Moreover, the absence of guidelines and specifications for controlling MPs in the environment makes the situation alarming, and the human toxicity data of MPs is scarce. Thereby, the toxicity assessment of MPs in humans is of greater concern. This review compiles the updated information on the potential sources of MPs in different components of the environment (viz. soil, water, and air), their analysis methods, effects on human health, and remediation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanish Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142 001, Punjab, India.
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Ariza-Tarazona MC, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Hernández-López JM, Rivera De la Rosa J, Barbieri V, Siligardi C, Cedillo-González EI. Microplastic pollution reduction by a carbon and nitrogen-doped TiO 2: Effect of pH and temperature in the photocatalytic degradation process. J Hazard Mater 2020; 395:122632. [PMID: 32315794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are pollutants formed by plastics ≤ 5 mm and are present in marine and terrestrial environments. Due to their large surface to volume ratio and chemical surface properties, MPs adsorb hazardous chemicals from their surrounding environment. When MPs are consumed by fauna, they transfer those substances through the trophic chain. An essential issue of MPs is their disposal. Due to their size, the disposal methods commonly used for plastic items are not suited for MPs. Here, photocatalysis in an aqueous medium is proposed as an alternative to fight MPs pollution. Although the photocatalysis of MPs has been reported, the effect of operating variables in the process has not been investigated. To fill this gap, the impact of pH and temperature on the degradation process of HDPE MPs was investigated using C,N-TiO2 and visible light. Degradation was followed by mass loss, carbonyl index calculation and microscopy. It was found that photocatalysis at low temperature (0 °C) increases MPs' surface area by fragmentation, and low pH value (pH 3) favours hydroperoxide formation during photooxidation. By using the design of experiments tool, it was demonstrated that there is a combined effect of pH and temperature in the photocatalysis of HDPE MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, México
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, México; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca, 66629, Nuevo León, México
| | - Juan Manuel Hernández-López
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, México
| | - Javier Rivera De la Rosa
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, México
| | - Virginia Barbieri
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari", Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125, Italy
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari", Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, 41125, Italy
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66455, Nuevo León, México.
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