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Takahashi M, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi T, Kohama T, Hosokawa M. Functional roles and localization of hydrolases in the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110932. [PMID: 38097062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica inhabits rivers throughout Japan and is being cultivated for food. To conduct aquaculture efficiently, it is crucial to comprehend the physiological functions of the target organisms. However, there is a lack of fundamental information on Japanese mitten crabs. In this study, hydrolases were extracted from the midgut glands of Japanese mitten crabs and their metabolic activities were analyzed. An enzyme with hydrolytic activity was discovered within the cytosol of the midgut gland. Western blot analysis also revealed that the Japanese mitten crab contains a hydrolase with cross-reactivity to human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1) antibodies. The substrate specificity of the S9 fraction of the midgut gland was investigated and, interestingly, it was revealed that it reacts well with indomethacin phenyl ester and fluorescein diacetate, which are substrates of hCES2, not substrates of hCES1. Furthermore, this enzyme was observed to metabolize the ester derivative of astaxanthin, which is a red pigment inherent to the Japanese mitten crab. These findings underscore the significance the midgut gland in the Japanese mitten crab as an important organ for metabolizing both endogenous and exogenous ester-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taichi Yamaguchi
- Education and Research Center for Organisms Production, Okayama University of Science, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kohama
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Japan
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Marciano A, Colpo KD, Boy CC, López Greco LS. Female energy dynamics in the southernmost fiddler crab: Mixed breeding strategy in Leptuca uruguayensis. ZOOLOGY 2022; 154:126041. [PMID: 35994874 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2022.126041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
At the south of its geographical distribution, the fiddler crab Leptuca uruguayensis shows two population spawning events, with more than 65 % of the females being ovigerous. The aim of this study was to assess the energy dynamics in L. uruguayensis females to estimate how they mix the capital and the income breeding strategies in the first and second spawns of the short reproductive season. The relationship between the hepatosomatic (HIS) and gonadosomatic (GSI) indices was used to assess the contribution of the hepatopancreas to ovary maturation, as indicative of the capital breeding strategy, whereas the feeding rate and the energy available in the food resource (sediment) were estimated to assess the importance of energy intake in ovary maturation, as indicative of the income breeding strategy. Before the first spawn, a significant negative relationship between the HSI and GSI (p < 0.001) and an increase of 28.2 % in the feeding rate were recorded. This suggests that the first spawn was mainly supported by energy reserves in the hepatopancreas, indicating that females used mostly the capital breeding strategy. After the first spawn, total lipid content in the hepatopancreas decreased by 33 %. On the days before the second spawn, the relationship between the HSI and GSI showed a negative but not significant (p = 0.125) trend, whereas the feeding rate increased even more. This suggests that the intense feeding activity provided the most important energetic source for ovary re-maturation, indicating that females used mostly the income breeding strategy. Also, in the second spawn, the GSI was 24.1% smaller, a fact that affected female fecundity and weight of the egg clutches, which were respectively 12 % and 11 % lower than in the first spawn. However, the energy supply allocated to each embryo was equivalent in both spawns. This study shows how L. uruguayensis females mixed the capital and income breeding strategies to take advantage of all available resources to produce two spawns in a short reproductive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Marciano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Karine Delevati Colpo
- Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Boulevard 120 and 60, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Claudia Clementina Boy
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), CONICET, Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, B. Houssay 200, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego V9410BFD, Argentina
| | - Laura Susana López Greco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y el Crecimiento de Crustáceos Decápodos, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.
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Miyake K, Baba Y. De novo transcriptome assembly of the midgut glands of herbivorous land crabs, Chiromantes haematocheir, and identification of laccase genes involved in lignin degradation. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:247-261. [PMID: 35088170 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous land crabs such as Chiromantes haematocheir and C. dehaani show biomass-degrading activities. In this study, we performed RNA-seq analysis to detect biomass-degrading enzymes. A de novo transcriptome assembly in the midgut glands of molting and non-molting C. haematocheir crabs was constructed using RNA sequencing. Illumina sequencing generated 44,937,002 and 44,394,310 reads from the two midgut glands. In total, 178,710 contigs with an average length of 750 bp and an N50 value of 1,235 bp were assembled, of which 37,890 contigs were annotated using BLASTx search against the NCBI database. We identified 22 contigs (11 genes) belonging to the laccase family and 44 contigs (22 genes) belonging to the peroxidase family. Sixteen contigs (three genes) belonging to the GH9 cellulase family were also detected. We selected the gene accounting for the majority of expressed laccase and analyzed its properties. The 24131-laccase transcript (2465 bp) had one complete open reading frame, nt 149-1987, encoding a protein of 613 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 67.708 kDa. The enzyme was shown to belong to the multicopper oxidase family. The 24131-laccase protein was confirmed to have oxidation activity against 2,6-dimethoxyphenol by ectopic expression in Escherichia coli. Laccase activity was significantly enhanced by feeding land crabs with plant diets. These data suggest that the enzyme plays an important role in the digestion of lignin in the guts of land crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Miyake
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
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Stumpp M, Saborowski R, Jungblut S, Liu HC, Hagen W. Dietary preferences of brachyuran crabs from Taiwan for marine or terrestrial food sources: evidence based on fatty acid trophic markers. Front Zool 2021; 18:26. [PMID: 34011355 PMCID: PMC8132384 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophic interactions are key processes, which determine the ecological function and performance of organisms. Many decapod crustaceans feed on plant material as a source for essential nutrients, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids. Strictly herbivorous feeding appears only occasionally in marine decapods but is common in land crabs. To verify food preferences and to establish trophic markers, we studied the lipid and fatty acid composition of the midgut glands of two marine crab species (Grapsus albolineatus and Percnon affine), one semi-terrestrial species (Orisarma intermedium, formerly Sesarmops intermedius), and one terrestrial species (Geothelphusa albogilva) from Taiwan. RESULTS All species showed a wide span of total lipid levels ranging from 4 to 42% of the dry mass (%DM) in the marine P. affine and from 3 to 25%DM in the terrestrial G. albogilva. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were the major storage lipid compound. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 20:4(n-6) prevailed in all species. Essential fatty acids such as 20:4(n-6) originated from the diet. Terrestrial species also showed relatively high amounts of 18:2(n-6), which is a trophic marker for vascular plants. The fatty acid compositions of the four species allow to clearly distinguish between marine and terrestrial herbivorous feeding due to significantly different amounts of 16:0, 18:1(n-9), and 18:2(n-6). CONCLUSIONS Based on the fatty acid composition, marine/terrestrial herbivory indices were defined and compared with regard to their resolution and differentiating capacity. These indices can help to reveal trophic preferences of unexplored species, particularly in habitats of border regions like mangrove intertidal flats and estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Stumpp
- University of Bremen, BreMarE (Bremen Marine Ecology), Marine Zoology, PO Box 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany. .,Christian-Albrechts-University, Zoological Institute, Am Botanischen Garten 3-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Simon Jungblut
- University of Bremen, BreMarE (Bremen Marine Ecology), Marine Zoology, PO Box 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27515, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Present address: University of Bremen, BreMarE (Bremen Marine Ecology), Marine Botany, PO Box 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hung-Chang Liu
- Land Crab Ecology Research Laboratory, 53 Chenggong 11th St., Jubei City, Hsinchu County, 302, Taiwan
| | - Wilhelm Hagen
- University of Bremen, BreMarE (Bremen Marine Ecology), Marine Zoology, PO Box 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.,University of Bremen, MARUM Center of Environmental Sciences, PO Box 330 440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
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Algieri C, Nesci S, Trombetti F, Fabbri M, Ventrella V, Pagliarani A. Mitochondrial F 1F O-ATPase and permeability transition pore response to sulfide in the midgut gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Biochimie 2020; 180:222-228. [PMID: 33212166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms which rule the formation and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), the lethal mechanism which permeabilizes mitochondria to water and solutes and drives the cell to death, are still unclear and particularly little investigated in invertebrates. Since Ca2+ increase in mitochondria is accompanied by mPTP opening and the participation of the mitochondrial F1FO-ATPase in the mPTP is increasingly sustained, the substitution of the natural cofactor Mg2+ by Ca2+ in the F1FO-ATPase activation has been involved in the mPTP mechanism. In mussel midgut gland mitochondria the similar kinetic properties of the Mg2+- or Ca2+-dependent F1FO-ATPase activities, namely the same affinity for ATP and bi-site activation kinetics by the ATP substrate, in spite of the higher enzyme activity and coupling efficiency of the Mg2+-dependent F1FO-ATPase, suggest that both enzyme activities are involved in the bioenergetic machinery. Other than being a mitochondrial poison and environmental contaminant, sulfide at low concentrations acts as gaseous mediator and can induce post-translational modifications of proteins. The sulfide donor NaHS, at micromolar concentrations, does not alter the two F1FO-ATPase activities, but desensitizes the mPTP to Ca2+ input. Unexpectedly, NaHS, under the conditions tested, points out a chemical refractoriness of both F1FO-ATPase activities and a failed relationship between the Ca2+-dependent F1FO-ATPase and the mPTP in mussels. The findings suggest that mPTP role and regulation may be different in different taxa and that the F1FO-ATPase insensitivity to NaHS may allow mussels to cope with environmental sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Fabbri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra, 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Rupp U, Walther P, Ziegler A. Intracellular calcium phosphate deposits contribute to transcellular calcium transport within the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107613. [PMID: 32891730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Like in most Crustacea, the cuticle of terrestrial isopods is hardened by a calcareous mineral phase. This rigid cuticle is frequently shed during a process called moulting. To reduce calcium loss, Porcellio scaber eats the shed cuticle, the exuviae, and absorb the calcium from it through large tubular diverticula of the intestine, called the mid gut glands or hepatopancreas. After moulting the absorbed calcium should be transported immediately into the hemolymph from which it is used to rapidly mineralize the new cuticle. This suggests that the hepatopancreas epithelium transports calcium from the lumen to the hemolymph. We used TEM, energy-filtered TEM and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis to analyse the distribution of elevated calcium within the hepatopancreas cells of P. scaber. We used animals in the postmoult stage that have eaten their exuviae and, as a control, those that have not ingested the exuviae. To minimize calcium loss within the samples, we used high pressure frozen and freeze substituted samples and propane-1-3-diol as floatation medium for thin-sectioning. The results reveal intracellular dense deposits containing calcium, phosphorus and oxygen at the apical microvillus membrane, within the cytoplasm, attached to vesicles and to the basolateral membrane, as well as extracellular between cells and the basal lamina. Control animals were devoid of these deposits. The results indicate that calcium from the exuviae is absorbed and transported across the epithelium into the hemolymph. We propose that during transport, intracellular calcium is bound to phosphate avoiding toxic effects of high concentrations of ionized calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Rupp U, Ziegler A. The effect of exuviae ingestion on lysosomal calcium accumulation and the presence of exosomes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:107392. [PMID: 31550534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas of isopods has major functions in food digestion and storage of carbohydrates and lipids. Also, it stores essential and accumulates xenobiotic metals in lysosomal granules within the two major cell types, the S- and B-cells of the tissue. A µCT study on moulting Porcellio scaber has shown mineral within the hepatopancreas lumen, when the animal has ingested their shed cuticle after moulting, suggesting recycling of mineral from the exuviae. This study aims to reveal if the lysosomal metal containing granules store calcium originating from the ingested exuviae. Therefore, we investigated the effect of cuticle ingestion on the elemental composition of the hepatopancreas granules of P. scaber, using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. For the preservation of diffusible elements, samples were high pressure frozen and freeze substituted in acetone and we used Propane-1,3-diol as a floatation medium for sections. We analyzed S- and B-cells of animals in the postmoult and intermoult stage that have ingested their exuviae and, as a negative control, cells from postmoult animals that have not ingested their exuviae. STEM and TEM were used for the investigation of the ultrastructure. Unexpectedly, the cryo-fixed samples contain numerous extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and many multivesicular bodies containing pro-exosomes. We show a significant increase of calcium, copper, zinc and sulphur within the metal granules upon exuviae ingestion, and, after 9 days, a reduction of calcium and zinc. The results indicate transitory storage of calcium from the exuviae within the metal granules and its subsequent utilization in cuticle mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Włostowski T, Kozłowski P, Łaszkiewicz-Tiszczenko B, Oleńska E. Cadmium Accumulation and Pathological Alterations in the Midgut Gland of Terrestrial Snail Helix pomatia L. from a Zinc Smelter Area: Role of Soil pH. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 96:484-489. [PMID: 26868644 PMCID: PMC4799254 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether cadmium (Cd) accumulation and toxicity in the midgut gland of Helix pomatia snails living in a Cd-contaminated area were related to soil pH. Toxic responses in the midgut gland (i.e., increased vacuolization and lipid peroxidation) occurred in H. pomatia snails exhibiting the highest Cd levels in the gland (265-274 µg/g dry wt) and living on acidic soil (pH 5.3-5.5), while no toxicity was observed in snails accumulating less Cd (90 µg/g) and ranging on neutral soil (pH 7.0), despite the fact that total soil Cd was similar in the two cases. The accumulation of Cd in the gland was directly related to the water extractable Cd in soil, which in turn correlated inversely with soil pH, indicating that this factor had a significant effect on tissue Cd. It appeared further that the occurrence of Cd toxicity was associated with low levels of metallothionein in the gland of snails ranging on acidic soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Włostowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kozłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Oleńska
- Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
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Lipovšek S, Janžekovič F, Novak T. Autophagic activity in the midgut gland of the overwintering harvestmen Gyas annulatus (Phalangiidae, Opiliones). Arthropod Struct Dev 2014; 43:493-500. [PMID: 24929120 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile harvestmen Gyas annulatus overwinter in dormancy in hypogean habitats for 4-5 months. The ultrastructure of the autophagic structures in their midgut epithelium cells was studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) during this non-feeding period. Before overwintering (November), autophagic structures were scarce. In the middle (January) and at the end of overwintering (March), phagophores, autophagosomes and autolysosomes were present in the cytoplasm of both the secretory and the digestive midgut epithelium cells, gradually increasing their abundance during overwintering. In addition, vacuolization of the cytoplasm intensified. Both processes are induced by starvation. Autophagic structures and cytoplasm vacuolization enable the reuse of the cell's own components required for the maintenance of vital processes during dormancy. While TEM is a much more convenient method for recognition of the autophagic structure types and their ultrastructure, IFM enables exact counting of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saška Lipovšek
- Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Franc Janžekovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tone Novak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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