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Rodrigues D, Costa-Pinto AR, Sousa S, Vasconcelos MW, Pintado MM, Pereira L, Rocha-Santos TAP, Costa JPD, Silva AMS, Duarte AC, Gomes AMP, Freitas AC. Sargassum muticum and Osmundea pinnatifida Enzymatic Extracts: Chemical, Structural, and Cytotoxic Characterization. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E209. [PMID: 30987249 PMCID: PMC6520698 DOI: 10.3390/md17040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds, which have been widely used for human consumption, are considered a potential source of biological compounds, where enzyme-assisted extraction can be an efficient method to obtain multifunctional extracts. Chemical characterization of Sargassum muticum and Osmundea pinnatifida extracts obtained by Alcalase and Viscozyme assisted extraction, respectively, showed an increment of macro/micro elements in comparison to the corresponding dry seaweeds, while the ratio of Na/K decreased in both extracts. Galactose, mannose, xylose, fucose, and glucuronic acid were the main monosaccharides (3.2-27.3 mg/glyophilized extract) present in variable molar ratios, whereas low free amino acids content and diversity (1.4-2.7 g/100gprotein) characterized both extracts. FTIR-ATR and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the presence of important polysaccharide structures in the extracts, namely fucoidans from S. muticum or agarans as sulfated polysaccharides from O. pinnatifida. No cytotoxicity against normal mammalian cells was observed from 0 to 4 mglyophilized extract/mL for both extracts. The comprehensive characterization of the composition and safety of these two extracts fulfils an important step towards their authorized application for nutritional and/or nutraceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Rodrigues
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana R Costa-Pinto
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sérgio Sousa
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela M Pintado
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Teresa A P Rocha-Santos
- CESAM⁻Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P da Costa
- CESAM⁻Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA⁻Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM⁻Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana M P Gomes
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Freitas
- Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF⁻Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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