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Tian M, Wu S, Zhang W, Zhang G, Yu X, Wu Y, Jia P, Zhang B, Chen T, Liu G. Saxibacter everestensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Member of the Family Brevibacteriaceae, Isolated from the North Slope of Mount Everest. J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s12275-024-00108-1. [PMID: 38446393 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
We isolated and analyzed a novel, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile actinobacterium, designated as strain ZFBP1038T, from rock sampled on the north slope of Mount Everest. The growth requirements of this strain were 10-37 °C, pH 4-10, and 0-6% (w/v) NaCl. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-9, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0. Peptidoglycan containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, ribose, and glucose were the major cell wall sugars, while polar lipids included diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, and an unidentified glycolipid. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZFBP1038T has the highest similarity with Spelaeicoccus albus DSM 26341 T (96.02%). ZFBP1038T formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family Brevibacteriaceae and was distantly related to the genus Spelaeicoccus. The G + C content of strain ZFBP1038T was 63.65 mol% and the genome size was 4.05 Mb. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain ZFBP1038T and representative reference strains were 19.3-25.2, 68.0-71.0, and 52.8-60.1%, respectively. Phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as comparative genome analyses suggested that strain ZFBP1038T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Saxibacter gen. nov., sp. nov. was assigned with the type strain Saxibacter everestensis ZFBP1038T (= EE 014 T = GDMCC 1.3024 T = JCM 35335 T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Puchao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Tian M, Zhang W, Zhang G, Bahadur A, Wu S, Yu X, Wu Y, Jia P, Chen T, Liu G. A novel UV-resistant bacterium Sphingomonas endolithica sp. nov., and genomic analysis, isolated from the north slope of Mount Everest. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 117:5. [PMID: 38153511 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium strain ZFBP2030T was isolated from a rock on the North slope of Mount Everest. This strain contained a unique ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as a predominant respiratory quinone. Among the tested fatty acids, the strain contained summed feature 8, C14:0 2OH, and C16:0, as major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminolipids, and six unidentified lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was a meso-diaminopimelic acid, and cell-wall sugars were ribose and galactose. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain ZFBP2030T was a member of the genus Sphingomonas, exhibiting high sequence similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Sphingomonas aliaeris DH-S5T (97.9%), Sphingomonas alpina DSM 22537T (97.3%) and Sphingomonas hylomeconis CCTCC AB 2013304T (97.0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between ZFBP2030T and other typical strains was less than 97.0%. The average amino acid identity values, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain ZFBP2030T and its highest sequence similarity strains were 56.9-79.9%, 65.1-82.2%, and 19.3-25.8%, respectively. The whole-genome size of the novel strain ZFBP2030T was 4.1 Mbp, annotated with 3838 protein-coding genes and 54 RNA genes. Moreover, DNA G + C content was 64.7 mol%. Stress-related functions predicted in the subsystem classification of the strain ZFBP2030T genome included osmotic, oxidative, cold/heat shock, detoxification, and periplasmic stress responses. The overall results of this study clearly showed that strain ZFBP2030T is a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas endolithica sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is ZFBP2030T (= EE 013T = GDMCC 1.3123T = JCM 35386T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Puchao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ji M, Hu A, Wang J, Jing H, Liu K, Xiao X, Zhao W. Comparison of prokaryotes between Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench. Microbiome 2022; 10:215. [PMID: 36476562 PMCID: PMC9727886 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench represent the highest and deepest places on Earth, respectively. They are geographically separated, with distinct extreme environmental parameters that provide unique habitats for prokaryotes. Comparison of prokaryotes between Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench will provide a unique perspective to understanding the composition and distribution of environmental microbiomes on Earth. RESULTS Here, we compared prokaryotic communities between Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench based on shotgun metagenomic analysis. Analyzing 25 metagenomes and 1176 metagenome-assembled genomes showed distinct taxonomic compositions between Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench, with little taxa overlap, and significant differences in genome size, GC content, and predicted optimal growth temperature. However, community metabolic capabilities exhibited striking commonality, with > 90% of metabolic modules overlapping among samples of Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench, with the only exception for CO2 fixations (photoautotrophy in Mount Everest but chemoautotrophy in the Mariana Trench). Most metabolic pathways were common but performed by distinct taxa in the two extreme habitats, even including some specialized metabolic pathways, such as the versatile degradation of various refractory organic matters, heavy metal metabolism (e.g., As and Se), stress resistance, and antioxidation. The metabolic commonality indicated the overall consistent roles of prokaryotes in elemental cycling and common adaptation strategies to overcome the distinct stress conditions despite the intuitively huge differences in Mount Everest and the Mariana Trench. CONCLUSION Our results, the first comparison between prokaryotes in the highest and the deepest habitats on Earth, may highlight the principles of prokaryotic diversity: although taxa are habitat-specific, primary metabolic functions could be always conserved. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Liu
- Center for Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mukan Ji
- Center for Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aoran Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- International Center for Deep Life Investigation (IC-DLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Wang
- International Center for Deep Life Investigation (IC-DLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Yongyou Industrial Park, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Hongmei Jing
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Keshao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- International Center for Deep Life Investigation (IC-DLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Yongyou Industrial Park, Sanya, 572024, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weishu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- International Center for Deep Life Investigation (IC-DLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Yongyou Industrial Park, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Tannheimer M, Lechner R. Initial Treatment of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema: Comparison of Oxygen and Auto-PEEP. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16185. [PMID: 36498257 PMCID: PMC9737163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvement of oxygenation is the aim in the therapy of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). However, descent is often difficult and hyperbaric chambers, as well as bottled oxygen, are often not available. We compare Auto-PEEP (AP-Pat), a special kind of pursed lips breathing, against the application of bottled oxygen (O2-Pat) in two patients suffering from HAPE. METHODS We compare the effect of these two different therapies on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) over time. RESULT In both patients SpO2 increased significantly from 65-70% to 95%. Above 80% this increase was slower in AP-Pat compared with O2-Pat. Therapy started immediately in AP-Pat but was delayed in O2-Pat because of organizational and logistic reasons. CONCLUSIONS The well-established therapies of HAPE are always the option of choice, if available, and should be started as soon as possible. The advantage of Auto-PEEP is its all-time availability. It improves SpO2 nearly as well as 3 L/min oxygen and furthermore has a positive effect on oxygenation lasting for approximately 120 min after stopping. Auto-PEEP treatment does not appear inferior to oxygen treatment, at least in this cross-case comparison. Its immediate application after diagnosis probably plays an important role here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Tannheimer
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Krankenhaus Blaubeuren, Ulmer Straße 26, 89143 Blaubeuren, Germany
| | - Raimund Lechner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Bundeswehr Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Yu X, Zhang W, Zhang G, Wu Y, Wu S, Tian M, Ding W, Bahadur A, Chen T, Liu G. Arthrobacter antioxidans sp. nov., a blue pigment-producing species isolated from Mount Everest. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36748457 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Arthrobacter have been found in extreme environments, e.g. glaciers, brine and mural paintings. Here, we report the discovery of a novel pink-coloured bacterium, strain QL17T, capable of producing an extracellular water-soluble blue pigment. The bacterium was isolated from the soil of the East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt. Everest, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain QL17T was most closely related to the species Arthrobacter bussei KR32 T. However, compared to A.bussei KR32T and the next closest relatives, the new species demonstrates considerable phylogenetic distance at the whole-genome level, with an average nucleotide identity of <85 % and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization of <30 %. Polyphasic taxonomy results support our conclusion that strain QL17T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. Strain QL17T had the highest tolerance to hydrogen peroxide at 400 mM. Whole-genome sequencing of strain QL17T revealed the presence of numerous cold-adaptation, antioxidation and UV resistance-associated genes, which are related to adaptation to the extreme environment of Mt. Everest. Results of this study characterized a novel psychrotolerant Arthrobacter species, for which the name Arthrobacter antioxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is QL17T (GDMCC 1.2948T=JCM 35246T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Mao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China
| | - Tuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
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Liu Y, Cui X, Yang R, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu G, Zhang B, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen T, Zhang G. Genomic Insights into the Radiation-Resistant Capability of Sphingomonas qomolangmaensis S5-59 T and Sphingomonas glaciei S8-45 T, Two Novel Bacteria from the North Slope of Mount Everest. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102037. [PMID: 36296313 PMCID: PMC9611098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mount Everest provides natural advantages to finding radiation-resistant extremophiles that are functionally mechanistic and possess commercial significance. (1) Background: Two bacterial strains, designated S5-59T and S8-45T, were isolated from moraine samples collected from the north slope of Mount Everest at altitudes of 5700m and 5100m above sea level. (2) Methods: The present study investigated the polyphasic features and genomic characteristics of S5-59T and S8-45T. (3) Results: The major fatty acids and the predominant respiratory menaquinone of S5-59T and S8-45T were summed as feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA sequences and average nucleotide identity values among these two strains and their reference type strains were below the species demarcation thresholds of 98.65% and 95%. Strains S5-59T and S8-45T harbored great radiation resistance. The genomic analyses showed that DNA damage repair genes, such as mutL, mutS, radA, radC, recF, recN, etc., were present in the S5-59T and S8-45T strains. Additionally, strain S5-59T possessed more genes related to DNA protection proteins. The pan-genome analysis and horizontal gene transfers revealed that strains of Sphingomonas had a consistently homologous genetic evolutionary radiation resistance. Moreover, enzymatic antioxidative proteins also served critical roles in converting ROS into harmless molecules that resulted in resistance to radiation. Further, pigments and carotenoids such as zeaxanthin and alkylresorcinols of the non-enzymatic antioxidative system were also predicted to protect them from radiation. (4) Conclusions: Type strains S5-59T (=JCM 35564T =GDMCC 1.3193T) and S8-45T (=JCM 34749T =GDMCC 1.2715T) represent two novel species of the genus Sphingomonas with the proposed name Sphingomonas qomolangmaensis sp. nov. and Sphingomonas glaciei sp. nov. The type strains, S5-59T and S8-45T, were assessed in a deeply genomic study of their radiation-resistant mechanisms and this thus resulted in a further understanding of their greater potential application for the development of anti-radiation protective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yeteng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (G.Z.)
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Moore GWK, Cristofanelli P, Bonasoni P, Verza GP, Semple JL. Was an Avalanche Swarm Responsible for the Devastation at Mount Everest Base Camp During the April 2015 Nepal Earthquake? High Alt Med Biol 2021; 21:352-359. [PMID: 33350889 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moore, G.W.K., Paolo Cristofanelli, Paolo Bonasoni, Gian Pietro Verza, and J.L. Semple. Was an avalanche swarm responsible for the devastation at Mount Everest Base Camp during the April 2015 Nepal earthquake? High Alt Med Biol. 21:352-359, 2020. Introduction: An avalanche triggered by an earthquake on April 25, 2015, struck the Mount Everest Base Camp (EBC) resulting in 15 deaths and over 70 injuries. Despite the common occurrence of avalanches in this region, little is known about their intensity and the stability of the glaciers that ring the Mount Everest massif. Here we present unique observations from a nearby automatic weather station (AWS) in the minutes just after the earthquake. Methods: Several (AWS) were deployed along the Khumbu Valley in Nepal. The site at Kala Patthar (elevation 5,613 m asl) 3.5 km from EBC and 4 km from the col along the ridge between Pumori and Lingtren was active from 2010 to 2015 and recorded temperature, relative humidity, pressure, solar radiation, and wind speed and direction. Results: The sequence of wind direction anomalies indicated that multiple air blasts passed the AWS, each associated with a distinct avalanche source, suggesting that earthquake likely caused a number of distinct avalanches from different source regions along this ridge. Discussion: Results suggest that a swarm of avalanches collectively lead to the death and destruction at EBC, suggesting the need for improvement in our understanding of avalanches in the region as well as in our ability to model and forecast such events.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W K Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paolo Cristofanelli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonasoni
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J L Semple
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Szymczak RK, Pyka MK, Grzywacz T, Marosz M, Naczyk M, Sawicka M. Comparison of Environmental Conditions on Summits of Mount Everest and K2 in Climbing and Midwinter Seasons. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18063040. [PMID: 33809531 PMCID: PMC8000062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Today’s elite alpinists target K2 and Everest in midwinter. This study aimed to asses and compare weather at the summits of both peaks in the climbing season (Everest, May; K2, July) and the midwinter season (January and February). (2) Methods: We assessed environmental conditions using the ERA5 dataset (1979–2019). Analyses examined barometric pressure (BP), temperature (Temp), wind speed (Wind), perceived altitude (Alt), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), vertical climbing speed (Speed), wind chill equivalent temperature (WCT), and facial frostbite time (FFT). (3) Results: Most climbing-season parameters were found to be more severe (p < 0.05) on Everest than on K2: BP (333 ± 1 vs. 347 ± 1 hPa), Alt (8925 ± 20 vs. 8640 ± 20 m), VO2max (16.2 ± 0.1 vs. 17.8 ± 0.1 ml·kg−1·min−1), Speed (190 ± 2 vs. 223 ± 2 m·h−1), Temp (−26 ± 1 vs. −21 ± 1°C), WCT (−45 ± 2 vs. −37 ± 2 °C), and FFT (6 ± 1 vs. 11 ± 2 min). Wind was found to be similar (16 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 3 m·s−1). Most midwinter parameters were found to be worse (p < 0.05) on Everest vs. K2: BP (324 ± 2 vs. 326 ± 2 hPa), Alt (9134 ± 40 vs. 9095 ± 48 m), VO2max (15.1 ± 0.2 vs. 15.3 ± 0.3 ml·kg−1·min−1), Speed (165 ± 5 vs. 170 ± 6 m·h−1), Wind (41 ± 6 vs. 27 ± 4 m·s−1), and FFT (<1 min vs. 1 min). Everest’s Temp of −36 ± 2 °C and WCT −66 ± 3 °C were found to be less extreme than K2’s Temp of −45 ± 1 °C and WCT −76 ± 2 °C. (4) Conclusions: Everest presents more extreme conditions in the climbing and midwinter seasons than K2. K2’s 8° higher latitude makes its midwinter BP similar and Temp lower than Everest’s. K2’s midwinter conditions are more severe than Everest’s in the climbing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Szymczak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Polish Mountaineering Association, Polish National K2 Winter Expedition 2018 Support Team, Mokotowska 24, 00-561 Warszawa, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-667-674141
| | - Michał K. Pyka
- Polish Mountaineering Association, Polish National K2 Winter Expedition 2018 Support Team, Mokotowska 24, 00-561 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Michał Marosz
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, Waszyngtona 42, 81-342 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Marta Naczyk
- Polish Mountaineering Association, Polish National K2 Winter Expedition 2018 Support Team, Mokotowska 24, 00-561 Warszawa, Poland;
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sawicka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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Abstract
Sherpa, Mingma Thsering, and Raksha Shrestha. Stroke at high altitude in an experienced Sherpa climber: A case report. High Alt Med Biol. 21:406-408, 2020.-A 44-year-old experienced Sherpa climber had dizziness with nausea and several episodes of vomiting while at Camp 2 of Mount Everest (6400 m). He was airlifted from Everest Base Camp to Kathmandu for further treatment. Neurological assessment revealed cerebellar signs with ataxia. Sensory examination revealed hypoesthesia on the extremities of the left side and right half of the face. Laboratory workup revealed increased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain revealed ischemic infarction of right cerebellar hemisphere in the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory extending to medulla. Patient was managed with aspirin, supportive measures, and physiotherapy, and made a complete recovery after 2 months. This is the first documented case of ischemic stroke in a healthy experienced Sherpa climber. Although the exact cause of stroke in our patient remains uncertain, the prothrombotic state due to high altitude compounded by impaired cerebral autoregulation and dehydration may have been contributory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingma Thsering Sherpa
- Kunde Hospital, Khumjung, Nepal.,Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Raksha Shrestha
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan.,Namche Community Hospital, Namche Bazaar, Nepal
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Tannheimer M, Lechner R. Rapid ascents of Mt Everest: normobaric hypoxic preacclimatization. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5861564. [PMID: 32577764 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acclimatization to high altitude is time consuming. An expedition to Mt Everest (8848 m) requires roughly 8 weeks. Therefore it seems very attractive to reach the summit within 3 weeks from home, which is currently promised by some expedition tour operators. These rapid ascent expeditions are based on two main components, normobaric hypoxic training (NHT) prior to the expedition and the use of high flow supplemental oxygen (HFSO2). We attempted to assess the relative importance of these two elements. METHODS We evaluated the effect of NHT on the basis of the available information of these rapid ascent expeditions and our experiences made during an expedition to Manaslu (8163 m) where we used NHT for preacclimatization. To evaluate the effect of an increased O2 flow rate we calculated its effect at various activity levels at altitudes of 8000 m and above. RESULTS So far rapid ascents to Mt Everest have been successful. The participants carried out 8 weeks of NHT, reaching sleeping altitudes = 7100 m and spent at least 300 h in NH. At rest a flow rate of 2 l O2/min is sufficient to keep the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PIO2) close to 50 mm Hg even at the summit. For ativities of ~80% of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) at the summit 6 l O2/min are required to maintain a PIO2 above 50 mm Hg. DISCUSSION NHT for preacclimatization seems to be the decisive element of the offered rapid ascent expeditions. An increased O2 flow rate of 8 l/min is not mandatory for climbing Mt Everest. CONCLUSIONS Preacclimatization using normobaric hypoxica (NH) is far more important than the use of HFSO2. We think that NHT will be widely used in the future. The most effective regimen of preacclimatization in NH, the duration of each session and the optimal FIO2 are still unclear and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Tannheimer
- University of Ulm, Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Medicine, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89089075 Ulm/75 Ulm, Germany
| | - Raimund Lechner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Bundeswehr Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Kühn C, Apel C, Bertsch D, Grass M, Gschwandtl C, Hundt N, Müller-Ost M, Risse J, Schmitz S, Sherpa K, Timmermann L, van der Giet M, van der Giet S, Wernitz K, Morrison A, Küpper T. Inpatient treatment of trekkers and Nepalese workers in the high-altitude environment of Mt. Everest Region 1996-2011: A retrospective analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 31:101356. [PMID: 30502547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigates the diagnoses of inpatients (tourists and Nepali workers) of Kunde Hospital (Mt.Everest region) over 15 years. METHODS Records from January 1996 to September 2011 were analyzed concerning date, gender, age group, nationality, purpose of visit, diagnosis, length of treatment, and condition at discharge. Diagnoses were coded according to ICD-10-WHO 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. P < 0.05 was defined as significant. RESULTS 479 inpatients were included: 363 (75.8%) males (202 trekkers (42.2%), 277 Nepalese workers (57.8%)). Most suffered from altitude sickness (45.5%), acute gastroenteritis (10.4%) or acute respiratory infection (8.4%). Severe cases of altitude sickness amongst trekkers decreased but increased amongst workers. Severe cases of acute gastroenteritis amongst trekkers increased. Mean length of inpatient treatment was 4.6 days ±2.7 days. 573/2030 days of treatment were caused by altitude sickness. 70 patients were evacuated, 9 died. CONCLUSION Altitude illness caused the majority of inpatient treatment and acute gastroenteritis may be an underestimated risk for both groups. Other severe problems were mostly illnesses, not trauma. Improved prevention strategies are needed for both groups. For tourists who often show pre-existing diseases this includes an individual pre-travel expert advice. Nepali workers should be instructed concerning acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kühn
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bertsch
- Department of Cardiology, Catholic Hospital Marienhof, Koblenz-Montabaur, Germany
| | - Maren Grass
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Gschwandtl
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Hundt
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Müller-Ost
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Risse
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Schmitz
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kami Sherpa
- Kunde Hospital, Solo Khumbu / Sagarmata National Park, Nepal
| | - Lisa Timmermann
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michsel van der Giet
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone van der Giet
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Knut Wernitz
- Department of Dental Preservation, Parodontology& Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen Technical University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Audry Morrison
- Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme Medical Commission (UIAA MedCom), Bern, Switzerland; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Royal Free London, UK
| | - Thomas Küpper
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Dental Preservation, Parodontology& Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen Technical University, Aachen, Germany.
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