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O'Donohue M, Lacherez P, Yamamoto N. Audiovisual spatial ventriloquism is reduced in musicians. Hear Res 2023; 440:108918. [PMID: 37992516 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
There is great scientific and public interest in claims that musical training improves general cognitive and perceptual abilities. While this is controversial, recent and rather convincing evidence suggests that musical training refines the temporal integration of auditory and visual stimuli at a general level. We investigated whether musical training also affects integration in the spatial domain, via an auditory localisation experiment that measured ventriloquism (where localisation is biased towards visual stimuli on audiovisual trials) and recalibration (a unimodal localisation aftereffect). While musicians (n = 22) and non-musicians (n = 22) did not have significantly different unimodal precision or accuracy, musicians were significantly less susceptible than non-musicians to ventriloquism, with large effect sizes. We replicated these results in another experiment with an independent sample of 24 musicians and 21 non-musicians. Across both experiments, spatial recalibration did not significantly differ between the groups even though musicians resisted ventriloquism. Our results suggest that the multisensory expertise afforded by musical training refines spatial integration, a process that underpins multisensory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Donohue
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Philippe Lacherez
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Naohide Yamamoto
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Couth S, Prendergast G, Guest H, Munro KJ, Moore DR, Plack CJ, Ginsborg J, Dawes P. Investigating the effects of noise exposure on self-report, behavioral and electrophysiological indices of hearing damage in musicians with normal audiometric thresholds. Hear Res 2020; 395:108021. [PMID: 32631495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Musicians are at risk of hearing loss due to prolonged noise exposure, but they may also be at risk of early sub-clinical hearing damage, such as cochlear synaptopathy. In the current study, we investigated the effects of noise exposure on electrophysiological, behavioral and self-report correlates of hearing damage in young adult (age range = 18-27 years) musicians and non-musicians with normal audiometric thresholds. Early-career musicians (n = 76) and non-musicians (n = 47) completed a test battery including the Noise Exposure Structured Interview, pure-tone audiometry (PTA; 0.25-8 kHz), extended high-frequency (EHF; 12 and 16 kHz) thresholds, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), speech perception in noise (SPiN), and self-reported tinnitus, hyperacusis and hearing in noise difficulties. Total lifetime noise exposure was similar between musicians and non-musicians, the majority of which could be accounted for by recreational activities. Musicians showed significantly greater ABR wave I/V ratios than non-musicians and were also more likely to report experience of - and/or more severe - tinnitus, hyperacusis and hearing in noise difficulties, irrespective of noise exposure. A secondary analysis revealed that individuals with the highest levels of noise exposure had reduced outer hair cell function compared to individuals with the lowest levels of noise exposure, as measured by OAEs. OAE level was also related to PTA and EHF thresholds. High levels of noise exposure were also associated with a significant increase in ABR wave V latency, but only for males, and a higher prevalence and severity of hyperacusis. These findings suggest that there may be sub-clinical effects of noise exposure on various hearing metrics even at a relatively young age, but do not support a link between lifetime noise exposure and proxy measures of cochlear synaptopathy such as ABR wave amplitudes and SPiN. Closely monitoring OAEs, PTA and EHF thresholds when conventional PTA is within the clinically 'normal' range could provide a useful early metric of noise-induced hearing damage. This may be particularly relevant to early-career musicians as they progress through a period of intensive musical training, and thus interventions to protect hearing longevity may be vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Couth
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Hannah Guest
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin J Munro
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - David R Moore
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, UK; Communication Sciences Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J Plack
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK
| | | | - Piers Dawes
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Moussard A, Bermudez P, Alain C, Tays W, Moreno S. Life-long music practice and executive control in older adults: An event-related potential study. Brain Res 2016; 1642:146-153. [PMID: 27021953 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that music practice can influence cognitive processing across the lifespan. Although extensive musical experience may have a mitigating effect on cognitive decline in older adults, the nature of changes to brain functions underlying performance benefits remains underexplored. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms that may support apparent beneficial effects of life-long musical practice on cognition. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in older musicians (N=17; average age=69.2) and non-musicians (N=17; average age=69.9), matched for age and education, while they completed an executive control task (visual go/no-go). Whereas both groups showed similar response speed and accuracy on go trials, older musicians showed fewer no-go errors. ERP recordings revealed the typical N2/P3 complex, but the nature of these responses differed between groups in that (1) older musicians showed larger N2 and P3 effects ('no-go minus go' amplitude), with the N2 amplitude being correlated with behavioral accuracy for no-go trials and (2) the topography of the P3 response was more anterior in musicians. Moreover, P3 amplitude was correlated with measures of musical experience in musicians. In our discussion of these results, we propose that music practice may have conferred an executive control advantage for musicians in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Moussard
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Patrick Bermudez
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - William Tays
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moreno
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, University of Toronto, Canada
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Klein C, Diaz Hernandez L, Koenig T, Kottlow M, Elmer S, Jäncke L. The Influence of Pre-stimulus EEG Activity on Reaction Time During a Verbal Sternberg Task is Related to Musical Expertise. Brain Topogr 2015; 29:67-81. [PMID: 25929715 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-015-0433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous work highlighted the possibility that musical training has an influence on cognitive functioning. The suggested reason for this influence is the strong recruitment of attention, planning, and working memory functions during playing a musical instrument. The purpose of the present work was twofold, namely to evaluate the general relationship between pre-stimulus electrophysiological activity and cognition, and more specifically the influence of musical expertise on working memory functions. With this purpose in mind, we used covariance mapping analyses to evaluate whether pre-stimulus electroencephalographic activity is predictive for reaction time during a visual working memory task (Sternberg paradigm) in musicians and non-musicians. In line with our hypothesis, we replicated previous findings pointing to a general predictive value of pre-stimulus activity for working memory performance. Most importantly, we also provide first evidence for an influence of musical expertise on working memory performance that could distinctively be predicted by pre-stimulus spectral power. Our results open novel perspectives for better comprehending the vast influences of musical expertise on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Klein
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Diaz Hernandez
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland. .,Center of Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland. .,Center of Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mara Kottlow
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland. .,Center of Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Elmer
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,International Normal Aging and Plasticity Imaging Center (INAPIC), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University Research Priority Program (URPP), Dynamic of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Special Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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