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Marrero D, Kern J, Urrea C. A Novel Robotic Controller Using Neural Engineering Framework-Based Spiking Neural Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:491. [PMID: 38257584 PMCID: PMC10819625 DOI: 10.3390/s24020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates spiking neural networks (SNN) for novel robotic controllers with the aim of improving accuracy in trajectory tracking. By emulating the operation of the human brain through the incorporation of temporal coding mechanisms, SNN offer greater adaptability and efficiency in information processing, providing significant advantages in the representation of temporal information in robotic arm control compared to conventional neural networks. Exploring specific implementations of SNN in robot control, this study analyzes neuron models and learning mechanisms inherent to SNN. Based on the principles of the Neural Engineering Framework (NEF), a novel spiking PID controller is designed and simulated for a 3-DoF robotic arm using Nengo and MATLAB R2022b. The controller demonstrated good accuracy and efficiency in following designated trajectories, showing minimal deviations, overshoots, or oscillations. A thorough quantitative assessment, utilizing performance metrics like root mean square error (RMSE) and the integral of the absolute value of the time-weighted error (ITAE), provides additional validation for the efficacy of the SNN-based controller. Competitive performance was observed, surpassing a fuzzy controller by 5% in terms of the ITAE index and a conventional PID controller by 6% in the ITAE index and 30% in RMSE performance. This work highlights the utility of NEF and SNN in developing effective robotic controllers, laying the groundwork for future research focused on SNN adaptability in dynamic environments and advanced robotic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Kern
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Av. Víctor Jara 3519, Estación Central, Santiago 9170124, Chile; (D.M.); (C.U.)
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Wang MY, Zhang SS, An MF, Xia YF, Fan MS, Sun ZR, Zhang LJ, Zhao YL, Sheng J, Wang XJ. Neferine ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through regulating AMPK pathway. Phytomedicine 2023; 114:154798. [PMID: 37031639 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), peculiarly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become the main cause of liver transplantation and liver-related death. However, the US Food and Drug Administration has not approved a specific medication for treating NASH. Neferine (NEF), a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid separated from the traditional Chinese medicine Nelumbinis plumula, has a variety of pharmacological properties, especially on metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the anti-NASH effect and mechanisms of NEF remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the amelioration of NEF on NASH and the potential mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN HepG2 cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and high-fat diet (HFD)+carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced C57BL/6 mice were used to observe the effect of NEF against NASH and investigate the engaged mechanism. METHODS HSCs and HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid (OA) were treated with NEF. C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD+CCl4 to induce NASH mouse model and treated with or without NEF (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, once daily, i.p) for 4 weeks. RESULTS NEF significantly attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets, intracellular triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatocytes apoptosis in OA-exposed HepG2 cells. NEF not only enhanced the AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in OA-stimulated HepG2 cells, but also reduced inflammatory response and fibrosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HepG2 and in LX-2, respectively. In HFD+CCl4-induced NASH mice, pathological staining confirmed NEF treatment mitigated hepatic lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration as well as hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, the liver weight, serum and hepatic TG and total cholesterol (TC) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were decreased compared with the model group. HFD+CCl4 also induced the upregulation of specific proteins and genes associated to inflammation (ILs, TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, CCL2 and CXCL10) and hepatic fibrosis (collagens, α-SMA, TGF-β and TIPM1), which were also suppressed by NEF treatment. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that NEF played a protective role in hepatic steatosis via the regulation of AMPK pathways, which may serve as an attractive candidate for a potential novel strategy on prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Shi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fei An
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Si Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Chinese, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming 650224, P. R. China.
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; Yunnan Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural and Industry, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China.
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Wang J, Hu Y, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Alahmadi TA, Ali Alharbi S, Zhuang Z, Wu F. Chemomodulatory effect of neferine on DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinogenesis: Biochemical and molecular approach. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:460-471. [PMID: 33156559 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine (NEF) is nontoxic, bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid is derived from the seed embryo of lotus, a familiar medicinal plant. Although several mechanisms have been planned, an evident antitumor action pathway of NEF on the oral tumor is still not known. In the current study, we aimed at investigating the protecting effect of NEF against experimental oral carcinoma and clarify its possible mechanism through the induction of apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. METHODS The experimental hamsters were divided into four groups (I-IV) containing six hamsters each. The group I was control group, group II and III hamsters treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) (0.5%) alone, thrice in a week for 10 weeks, and group III and IV hamsters received oral supplementation of NEF at a concentration of 15 mg/kg bw. All the hamsters were sacrificed after 16 weeks. RESULTS Our results revealed that DMBA treated hamsters exhibited 100% oral tumor cell formation with high-tumor incidence (TI), tumor number (TN), tumor volume (TV), decreased levels of antioxidants, increased status of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and modulated the activities of liver marker agents as well as NF-kB, cell proliferation (PCNA), and p53 proteins. NEF supplementation in DMBA treated hamsters, resulted in delayed lesion synthesis, and brought back the levels of the biochemical parameters. In addition, immunostaining of NF-kB, PCNA, and p53 showed that they were inhibited by NEF. CONCLUSION Thus, NEF might be considered a better chemopreventive drug in an experimental model of home-based primary care (HBPC). More research is necessary to study other pathways implicated in oral carcinomas and their modulation by NEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- The Second Department of Stomatology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Jieying Yuan
- The Second Department of Stomatology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second Department of Stomatology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Yingshun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhizheng Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
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Kaw S, Ananth S, Tsopoulidis N, Morath K, Coban BM, Hohenberger R, Bulut OC, Klein F, Stolp B, Fackler OT. HIV-1 infection of CD4 T cells impairs antigen-specific B cell function. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105594. [PMID: 33146906 PMCID: PMC7737609 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Failures to produce neutralizing antibodies upon HIV‐1 infection result in part from B‐cell dysfunction due to unspecific B‐cell activation. How HIV‐1 affects antigen‐specific B‐cell functions remains elusive. Using an adoptive transfer mouse model and ex vivo HIV infection of human tonsil tissue, we found that expression of the HIV‐1 pathogenesis factor NEF in CD4 T cells undermines their helper function and impairs cognate B‐cell functions including mounting of efficient specific IgG responses. NEF interfered with T cell help via a specific protein interaction motif that prevents polarized cytokine secretion at the T‐cell–B‐cell immune synapse. This interference reduced B‐cell activation and proliferation and thus disrupted germinal center formation and affinity maturation. These results identify NEF as a key component for HIV‐mediated dysfunction of antigen‐specific B cells. Therapeutic targeting of the identified molecular surface in NEF will facilitate host control of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kaw
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Swetha Ananth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tsopoulidis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Morath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahar M Coban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Hohenberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olcay C Bulut
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, SLK Klinikum Am Gesundbrunnen, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Bettina Stolp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
The Protein Data Bank (PDB)--the single global repository of experimentally determined 3D structures of biological macromolecules and their complexes--was established in 1971, becoming the first open-access digital resource in the biological sciences. The PDB archive currently houses ~130,000 entries (May 2017). It is managed by the Worldwide Protein Data Bank organization (wwPDB; wwpdb.org), which includes the RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB; rcsb.org), the Protein Data Bank Japan (PDBj; pdbj.org), the Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe; pdbe.org), and BioMagResBank (BMRB; www.bmrb.wisc.edu). The four wwPDB partners operate a unified global software system that enforces community-agreed data standards and supports data Deposition, Biocuration, and Validation of ~11,000 new PDB entries annually (deposit.wwpdb.org). The RCSB PDB currently acts as the archive keeper, ensuring disaster recovery of PDB data and coordinating weekly updates. wwPDB partners disseminate the same archival data from multiple FTP sites, while operating complementary websites that provide their own views of PDB data with selected value-added information and links to related data resources. At present, the PDB archives experimental data, associated metadata, and 3D-atomic level structural models derived from three well-established methods: crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and electron microscopy (3DEM). wwPDB partners are working closely with experts in related experimental areas (small-angle scattering, chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry, Forster energy resonance transfer or FRET, etc.) to establish a federation of data resources that will support sustainable archiving and validation of 3D structural models and experimental data derived from integrative or hybrid methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Burley
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Center for Integrative Proteomics, Research, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Helen M Berman
- Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, Center for Integrative Proteomics, Research, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gerard J Kleywegt
- Protein Data Bank in Europe, European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - John L Markley
- BioMagResBank, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Haruki Nakamura
- Protein Data Bank Japan, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sameer Velankar
- Protein Data Bank in Europe, European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
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Abstract
The discovery that the 70 kD “uncoating ATPase,” which removes clathrin coats from vesicles after endocytosis, is the constitutively expressed Hsc70 chaperone was a surprise. Subsequent work, however, revealed that uncoating is an archetypal Hsp70 reaction: the cochaperone auxilin, which contains a clathrin binding domain and an Hsc70 binding J domain, recruits Hsc70*ATP to the coat and, concomitant with ATP hydrolysis, transfers it to a hydrophobic Hsc70-binding element found on a flexible tail at the C-terminus of the clathrin heavy chain. Release of clathrin in association with Hsc70*ADP follows, and the subsequent, persistent association of clathrin with Hsc70 is important to prevent aberrant clathrin polymerization. Thus, the two canonical functions of Hsp70—dissociation of existing protein complexes or aggregates, and binding to a protein to inhibit its inappropriate aggregation—are recapitulated in uncoating. Association of clathrin with Hsc70 in vivo is regulated by Hsp110, an Hsp70 NEF that is itself a member of the Hsp70 family. How Hsp110 activity is itself regulated to make Hsc70-free clathrin available for endocytosis is unclear, though at synapses it's possible that the influx of calcium that accompanies depolarization activates the Ca++/calmodulin dependent calcineurin phosphatase which then dephosphorylates and activates Hsp110 to stimulate ADP/ATP exchange and release clathrin from Hsc70*ADP:clathrin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eileen M Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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