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Lawal B, Wang YC, Wu ATH, Huang HS. Pro-Oncogenic c-Met/EGFR, Biomarker Signatures of the Tumor Microenvironment are Clinical and Therapy Response Prognosticators in Colorectal Cancer, and Therapeutic Targets of 3-Phenyl-2H-benzo[e][1,3]-Oxazine-2,4(3H)-Dione Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:691234. [PMID: 34512327 PMCID: PMC8429938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.691234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play important roles in cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Herein, we used a multiomics data analysis to evaluate the predictive and prognostic roles of genetic and epigenetic modulation of c-MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer (CRC). First, we found that overexpressions of c-MET/EGFR were associated with the infiltration of tumor immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, and were of prognostic relevance in CRC cohorts. We also observed that genetic alterations of c-MET/EGFR in CRC co-occurred with other gene alterations and were associated with overexpression of messenger (m)RNA of some cancer hallmark proteins. More specifically, DNA-methylation and somatic copy number alterations of c-MET/EGFR were associated with immune infiltration, dysfunctional T-cell phenotypes, and poor prognoses of the cohorts. Moreover, we describe two novel gefitinib-inspired small molecules derivatives of 3-phenyl-2H-benzo[e] [1,3]-oxazine-2,4(3H)-dione, NSC777205 and NSC777207, which exhibited wide-spectrum antiproliferative activities and selective cytotoxic preference for drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant melanoma, renal, central nervous system, colon, and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. We further provided in silico mechanistic evidence implicating c-MET/EGFR/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition in anticancer activities of those compounds. Our overall structure-activity relationship study revealed that the addition of an –OCH3 group to salicylic core of NSC777207 was not favorable, as the added moiety led to overall less-favorable drug properties as well as weaker anticancer activities compared to the properties and activities demonstrated by NSC777205 that has no –OCH3 substituent group. Further in vitro and in vivo analyses in tumor-bearing mice are ongoing in our lab to support this claim and to unravel the full therapeutic efficacies of NSC777205 and NSC777207 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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