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Seong MS, Jang EA, Kim J, Kim WJ, Cheong J. A single amino acid variation of NV protein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus increases protein stability and decreases immune gene expression. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 116:84-90. [PMID: 34214656 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) causes severe mortality among more than 90 fish species. The 11 kb viral genome encodes six proteins including nonvirion protein (NV). In previous study, we reported that NV gene variations of VHSV decrease cellular energy metabolism. Among several NV mutant proteins, NV-S56L showed the highest cellular energy deprivation. Based on this finding, we further examined a molecular mechanism of one amino acid (S56L) change on differential cellular dysregulation. In the fish cells, the NV-S56L protein showed an increased level of cellular expression than normal and other mutant NV proteins without change of mRNA expression. Using cycloheximide treatment for exclude de novo NV protein expression, NV-S56L had an extensive half-life of intracellular protein. The proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, treatment recovered the all NV protein levels. The ubiquitination of NV was increased in the treatment of MG132 via inhibition of the ubiquitin/proteasome system process. Finally, increased protein stability of NV-S56L led to downregulation of NF-κB response immune gene expression. These results indicate that the prolonged protein stabilization of NV protein variant (NV-S56L) increases its pathological duration and might eventually lead to high virulence activity in the host fish cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi So Seong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ah Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Julan Kim
- Fish Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, 53334, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung, 25435, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Y, Wang L, Guo T, Jiang Y, Qiao X, Sun L, Liu M, Tang L, Xu Y, Li Y. Identification of amino acid residues in infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) NV protein necessary for viral replication and pathogenicity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 79:294-302. [PMID: 29782916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that the nonstructural NV protein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was essential for efficient viral replication and pathogenicity, and that the amino acid residues 32EGDL35 of the NV protein were responsible for nuclear localization, and played important roles in suppressing IFN and inhibiting NF-κB activity. However, little is known about the influence of 32EGDL35 on IHNV replication and pathogenicity. In the present study, two recombinant IHNV strains with deletions of NV 32EGDL35 were generated and the effect on IHNV replication and pathogenicity was explored. Our results showed that both mutants stably replicated in Chinook salmon embryo cells for 15 consecutive passages, and had similar host-tropism as wild-type (wt) IHNV; however, titers of the mutants were lower than those of wt IHNV in CHSE-214 cells. Infection of rainbow trout showed wt IHNV produced 90% cumulative mortality, while the mutants produced 55% and 60% cumulative mortality, respectively. Histopathological evaluation showed that tissues from the liver, brain, kidney, and heart of fish infected with wt IHNV exhibited pathological changes, but significant lesions were found only in the liver and heart of fish infected with the recombinant viruses. In addition, the recombinant viruses induced higher expression levels of IFN1, Mx-1, and IL-6 compared with those induced by wt IHNV. These results indicated that the 32EGDL35 residues were essential for the efficient anti-IFN and NF-κB-inhibiting activity of NV. Our results provide a basis for understanding the roles of 32EGDL35 in IHNV replication and pathogenicity, and may prove beneficial in the prevention and control of IHNV infections of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China; Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China.
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Guo M, Shi W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Li D, Ren X, Hua X, Tang L, Li Y, Liu M. Recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus expressing infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 protein induces immunity against both pathogens. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 78:187-194. [PMID: 29684608 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) are typical pathogens of rainbow trout. Their co-infection is also common, which causes great economic loss in juvenile salmon species. Although vaccines against IHNV and IPNV have been commercialized in many countries, the prevalence of IHNV and IPNV is still widespread in modern aquaculture. In the present study, two IHNV recombinant viruses displaying IPNV VP2 protein (rIHNV-IPNV VP2 and rIHNV-IPNV VP2COE) were generated using the RNA polymerase Ⅱ system to explore the immunogenicity of IHNV and IPNV. The recombinant IHNV viruses were stable, which was confirmed by sequencing, indirect immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy and viral growth curve assay. IHNV and IPNV challenge showed that the recombinant viruses had high protection rates against IHNV and IPNV with approximately 65% relative percent survival rates. Rainbow trout (mean weight 20 g) vaccinated with these two recombinant viruses showed a high level of antibodies against IHNV and IPNV infection. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that rIHNV-IPNV VP2 and rIHNV-IPNV VP2COE might be promising vaccine candidates against IHNV and IPNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyu Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Y, Guo M, Hua X, Duan K, Lian G, Sun L, Tang L, Xu Y, Liu M, Li Y. The role of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) proteins in the modulation of NF-κB pathway during IHNV infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 63:500-506. [PMID: 28245988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections frequently lead to the activation of host innate immune signaling pathways involved in the defense against invading pathogens. To ensure their survival, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to overcome the host immune responses. The present study demonstrated for the first time that infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) activated NF-κB pathway in fish cells. We further identified that the IHNV L protein could activate the NF-κB signaling pathway and that IHNV NV functioned as an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Further results demonstrated that the NV protein blocked the degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and suppressed the SeV-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. In conclusion, our study explored the functions of different IHNV proteins on NF-κB activation, and revealed a potential mechanism by which IHNV evades innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kexin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gaihong Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yijing Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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