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Liu Y, Wu M, Ren M, Bao H, Wang Q, Wang N, Sun S, Xu J, Yang X, Zhao X, Bao Y, He G, Xu W. From Medical Herb to Functional Food: Development of a Fermented Milk Containing Silybin and Protein from Milk Thistle. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061308. [PMID: 36981234 PMCID: PMC10048290 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk thistle is a traditional medicinal herb. Silybin is a medicinal component found in the seed coat of milk thistle, which has liver-protective and anti-cancer properties. Conventional studies have focused on the extraction of silybin with organic reagents, which was inapplicable to the food industry. This study aims to develop a fermented milk containing silybin and protein from the milk thistle seeds. A three step procedure was developed, comprising homogenization of milk thistle seeds, NaHCO3 heat treatment, and microbial fermentation. The silybin was characterized by high performance liquid chromatography, and the protein was quantified and electrophorized. It was found that the homogenization step was essential for the preparation of protein, and the NaHCO3 heat treatment was the crucial step in obtaining silybin. The optimal NaHCO3 treatment settings were 1% NaHCO3, 60°C, and 3 h, and the optimal strains for microbial fermentation were L131 (Rummeliibacillus stabekisii) and RS72 (Lactobacillus plantarum). The silybin yield in the fermented milk reached 11.24-12.14 mg/g seeds, accounting for 72.6-78.4% of the total silybin in the milk thistle seeds, and the protein yield reached 121.8-129.6 mg/g seeds. The fermented milk had a slightly sweet yoghurt-like flavor and could be used as a dietary supplement for silybin and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Minghuo Wu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Miaomiao Ren
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Haijun Bao
- Yingkou Chenguang Extraction Equipment Co., Ltd., Yingkou 115000, China
| | - Qing'an Wang
- Yingkou Chenguang Extraction Equipment Co., Ltd., Yingkou 115000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Yingkou Chenguang Extraction Equipment Co., Ltd., Yingkou 115000, China
| | - Shibo Sun
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yongming Bao
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin 124221, China
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