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Thönnißen V, Atodiresei IL, Patureau FW. Atroposelective Nenitzescu Indole Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300279. [PMID: 36725685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, compounds bearing a stereogenic C-N axis have gained significant attention in fields ranging from ligand to drug design. Yet, the atroposelective synthesis of these molecules remains a considerable challenge. In contrast to recent methods using more advanced chiral catalysts, a very simply accessed Jacobsen-type chromium(III)-salen complex was used here as a chiral enantiopure Lewis acid catalyst for a highly atroposelective Nenitzescu indole synthesis. Mild reaction conditions afforded various 5-hydroxybenzo[g]indoles in up to 97 % yield. Moreover, through a simple work-up, very high enantiomeric excesses of up to 99 % could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Thönnißen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iuliana L Atodiresei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederic W Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Sharapov AD, Fatykhov RF, Khalymbadzha IA, Valieva MI, Nikonov IL, Taniya OS, Kopchuk DS, Zyryanov GV, Potapova AP, Novikov AS, Sharutin VV, Chupakhin ON. Fluorescent Pyranoindole Congeners: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Pyrano[3,2- f], [2,3- g], [2,3- f], and [2,3- e]Indoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248867. [PMID: 36557999 PMCID: PMC9783255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of four types of annulated pyranoindole congeners: pyrano[3,2-f]indole, pyrano[2,3-g]indole, pyrano[2,3-f]indole, and pyrano[2,3-e]indole and photophysical studies in this series. The synthesis of pyrano[3,2-f], [2,3-g], and [2,3-e]indoles involve a tandem of Bischler-Möhlau reaction of 3-aminophenol with benzoin to form 6-hydroxy- or 4-hydroxyindole followed by Pechmann condensation of these hydroxyindoles with β-ketoesters. Pyrano[2,3-f]indoles were synthesized through the Nenitzescu reaction of p-benzoquinone and ethyl aminocrotonates and subsequent Pechmann condensation of the obtained 5-hydroxyindole derivatives. Among the pyranoindoles studied, the most promising were pyrano[3,2-f] and [2,3-g]indoles. These compounds were characterized by moderate to high quantum yields (30-89%) and a large (9000-15,000 cm-1) Stokes shift. More detailed photophysical studies were carried out for a series of the most promising derivatives of pyrano[3,2-f] and [2,3-g]indoles to demonstrate their positive solvatochromism, and the data collected was analyzed using Lippert-Mataga equation. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to deepen the knowledge of the absorption and emission properties of pyrano[3,2-f] and [2,3-g]indoles as well as to explain their unusual geometries and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainur D. Sharapov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ramil F. Fatykhov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor A. Khalymbadzha
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria I. Valieva
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevskoy Street 22, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor L. Nikonov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevskoy Street 22, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Olga S. Taniya
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevskoy Street 22, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevskoy Street 22, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-343-375-45-01
| | - Anastasya P. Potapova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Sharutin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, South Ural State University (National Research University), Lenin Avenue 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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