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Fuhrimann S, Farnham A, Staudacher P, Atuhaire A, Manfioletti T, Niwagaba CB, Namirembe S, Mugweri J, Winkler MS, Portengen L, Kromhout H, Mora AM. Exposure to multiple pesticides and neurobehavioral outcomes among smallholder farmers in Uganda. Environ Int 2021; 152:106477. [PMID: 33756429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to single pesticide active ingredients or chemical groups is associated with adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in farmers. In agriculture, exposure to multiple pesticide active ingredients is the rule, rather than exception. Therefore, occupational studies on neurobehavioral effects of pesticides should account for potential co-exposure confounding. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 288 Ugandan smallholder farmers between September and December 2017. We collected data on self-reported use of pesticide products during the 12 months prior to survey and estimated yearly exposure-intensity scores for 14 pesticide active ingredients using a semi-quantitative exposure algorithm. We administered 11 neurobehavioral tests to assess five neurobehavioral domains. We implemented a Bayesian Model-Averaging (BMA) approach to examine the association between exposure to multiple pesticides and neurobehavioral outcomes, while accounting for multiple testing. We applied two levels of inference to determine (1) which neurobehavioral outcomes were associated with overall pesticide exposure (marginal inclusion probability (MIP) for covariate-only models <0.5) and (2) which specific pesticide active ingredients were associated with these outcomes (MIP for models where active ingredient was included >0.5). RESULTS Seventy-two percent of farmers reported use of pesticide products that contained at least one of 14 active ingredients, while the applicators used in median three different active ingredients (interquartile range (IQR) 4) in the 12 months prior to the study. The most widely used active ingredients were glyphosate (79%), cypermethrin (60%), and mancozeb (55%). We found that overall pesticide exposure was associated with impaired visual memory (Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT)), language (semantic verbal fluency test), perceptual-motor function (Finger tapping test), and complex attention problems (Trail making A test and digit symbol test). However, when we looked at the associations for individual active ingredients, we only observed a positive association between glyphosate exposure and impaired visual memory (-0.103 [95% Bayesian Credible Interval (BCI)] [-0.24, 0] units in BVRT scores per interquartile range (IQR) increase in annual exposure to glyphosate, relative to a median [IQR] of 6 [3] units in BVRT across the entire study population). CONCLUSIONS We found that overall pesticide exposure was associated with several neurobehavioral outcome variables. However, when we examined individual pesticide active ingredients, we observed predominantly null associations, except for a positive association between glyphosate exposure and impaired visual memory. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to evaluate glyphosate's neurotoxicity, while accounting for co-pollutant confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Farnham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Staudacher
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tiziana Manfioletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles B Niwagaba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Namirembe
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Mugweri
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana M Mora
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Amirkhosravi L, Khaksari M, Soltani Z, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Asadi Karam G, Hoseini M. E2-BSA and G1 exert neuroprotective effects and improve behavioral abnormalities following traumatic brain injury: The role of classic and non-classic estrogen receptors. Brain Res 2020; 1750:147168. [PMID: 33096091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) in mediating the neuroprotective effects of this hormone on brain edema and long-term behavioral disorders was evaluated after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ovariectomized rats were divided as follows: E2 (17 β-estradiol), E2-BSA (E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin), G1 [G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist (GPER)] or their vehicle was injected following TBI, whereas ICI (classical estrogen receptor antagonist), G15 (GPER antagonist), ICI + G15, and their vehicle were injected before the induction of TBI and the injection of E2 and E2-BSA. Brain water (BWC) and Evans blue (EB) contents were measured 24 h and 5 h after TBI, respectively. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were measured before and at different times after TBI. Locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and spatial memory were assessed on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after injury. E2, E2-BSA, and G1 prevented the increase of BWC and EB content after TBI, and these effects were inhibited by ICI and G15. ICI and G15 also inhibited the beneficial effects of E2, E2-BSA on ICP, as well as CPP, after trauma. E2, E2-BSA, and G1 prevented the cognitive deficiency and behavioral abnormalities induced by TBI. Similar to the above parameters, ICI and G15 also reversed this E2 and E2-BSA effects on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Our findings indicated that the beneficial effects of E2-BSA and E2 were inhibited by both ICI and G15, suggesting that GPER and classic ERs were involved in mediating the long-term effects of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Amirkhosravi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscience and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadi Karam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hoseini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Khan KM, Weigel MM, Yonts S, Rohlman D, Armijos R. Residential exposure to urban traffic is associated with the poorer neurobehavioral health of Ecuadorian schoolchildren. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:31-39. [PMID: 30826345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether chronic traffic-generated air pollution containing fine and ultrafine particulate matter is associated with reduced neurobehavioral performance and behavioral dysfunction in urban Ecuadorian schoolchildren. Also, we examined the effect of child hemoglobin and sociodemographic risk factors on these neurocognitive outcomes. METHODS A convenience sample of healthy children aged 8-14 years attending public schools were recruited in Quito, Ecuador. Child residential proximity to the nearest heavily trafficked road was used as a proxy for traffic-related pollutant exposure. These included high exposure (<100 m), medium exposure (100-199 m) and low exposure (≥ 200 m) from the nearest heavily trafficked road. The Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS), a computerized test battery assessing attention, memory, learning and motor function was used to evaluate child neurobehavioral performance. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18) was used to assess child behavioral dysfunction as reported by mothers. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Children with the highest residential exposure to traffic pollutants (< 100 m) had significantly longer latencies as measured by match to sample (b = 410.27; p = 0.01) and continuous performance (b = 37.90; p = 0.02) compared to those living ≥ 200 m away. A similar but non-significant association was observed for reaction time latency. Children living within 100 m of heavy traffic also demonstrated higher scores across all CBCL subscales although only the relationship with thought problems (p = 0.05) was statistically significant in the adjusted model. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that children living within 100 m of heavy traffic appear to experience subtle neurobehavioral deficits that may result from fine and ultrafine particulate matter exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Khan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA.
| | - M Margaret Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA; Global Environmental Health Research Laboratory, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA
| | - Sarah Yonts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA
| | - Diane Rohlman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Rodrigo Armijos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA; Global Environmental Health Research Laboratory, School of Public Health, Indiana University-Bloomington, USA
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Toffol E, Rantalainen V, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Girchenko P, Lahti J, Tuovinen S, Lipsanen J, Villa PM, Laivuori H, Hämäläinen E, Kajantie E, Pesonen AK, Räikkönen K. Infant regulatory behavior problems during first month of life and neurobehavioral outcomes in early childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:847-859. [PMID: 30392118 PMCID: PMC6555774 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Whether infant regulatory behavior problems already in the first month of life indicate an increased risk of childhood neurobehavioral problems, and whether maternal depression in the postpartum and early childhood underpins these associations remain unclear. Altogether, 2049-2364 mothers from the Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) study completed the Neonatal Perception Inventory on regulatory behavior problems at the infant's age of 15.6 days (SD 3.2, range 1-30), the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised on temperament at 6.5 months (SD 0.9, range 4.2-12.4), and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 on developmental milestones and the Child Behavior Checklist on behavioral problems at 3.5 years (SD 0.7, range 1.9-6.0). Maternal depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (infancy follow-ups) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (childhood follow-up). Father-rated infant temperament and paternal depressive symptoms were also available (n = 1474). Higher levels of infant regulatory behavior problems predicted higher levels of mother- and father-rated negative affectivity temperament (0.13 SD units per SD unit, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.17; and 0.09, 0.04-0.14, respectively), lower levels of mother-rated orienting/regulation temperament (- 0.09, - 0.13 to - 0.05) and problem-solving skills (- 0.12, - 0.21 to - 0.04), and higher levels of Externalizing (0.07, 0.03-0.11) and Total behavioral problems (0.07, 0.03-0.11). Regulatory behaviors partially mediated the effect of maternal depressive symptoms. Regulatory behavior problems already during the first month of life predict neurobehavioral outcomes, and partially mediate the effect of maternal depressive symptoms. Our study may inform design of interventions aimed at timely prevention in children at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Toffol
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Rantalainen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. .,University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Polina Girchenko
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland ,Helsinki Collegium for Advance Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soile Tuovinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia M. Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland/Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland ,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- HUSLAB and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland ,Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, PO Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that adversities at critical periods in early life, both pre- and postnatal, can lead to neuroendocrine perturbations, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and inflammation persisting up to adulthood. This process, commonly referred to as biological embedding, may cause abnormal cognitive and behavioral functioning, including impaired learning, memory, and depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as neuropsychiatric outcomes in later life. Currently, the regulation of gene activity by epigenetic mechanisms is suggested to be a key player in mediating the link between adverse early-life events and adult neurobehavioral outcomes. Role of particular genes, including those encoding glucocorticoid receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as arginine vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor, has been demonstrated in triggering early adversity-associated pathological conditions. This review is focused on the results from human studies highlighting the causal role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the link between the adversity during early development, from prenatal stages through infancy, and adult neuropsychiatric outcomes. The modulation of epigenetic pathways involved in biological embedding may provide promising direction toward novel therapeutic strategies against neurological and cognitive dysfunctions in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kiev, 04114, Ukraine.
| | - Alexander K Koliada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Gerontology, Vyshgorodskaya st. 67, Kiev, 04114, Ukraine
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Haslbeck FB, Bucher HU, Bassler D, Hagmann C. Creative music therapy to promote brain structure, function, and neurobehavioral outcomes in preterm infants: a randomized controlled pilot trial protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2017; 3:36. [PMID: 28975039 PMCID: PMC5613472 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of neurological impairment and deficits in cognition, motor function, and behavioral problems. Limited studies indicate that multi-sensory experiences support brain development in preterm infants. Music appears to promote neurobiological processes and neuronal learning in the human brain. Creative music therapy (CMT) is an individualized, interactive therapeutic approach based on the theory and methods of Nordoff and Robbins. CMT may promote brain development in preterm infants via concurrent interaction and meaningful auditory stimulation. We hypothesize that preterm infants who receive creative music therapy during neonatal intensive care admission will have developmental benefits short- and long-term brain function. METHODS/DESIGN A prospective, randomized controlled single-center pilot trial involving 60 clinically stable preterm infants under 32 weeks of gestational age is conducted in preparation for a multi-center trial. Thirty infants each are randomized to either standard neonatal intensive care or standard care with CMT. Music therapy intervention is approximately 20 min in duration three times per week. A trained music therapist sings for the infants in lullaby style, individually entrained and adjusted to the infant's rhythm and affect. Primary objectives of this study are feasibility of protocol implementation and investigating the potential mechanism of efficacy for this new intervention. To examine the effect of this new intervention, non-invasive, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods at corrected age and standardized neurodevelopmental assessments using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition at a corrected age of 24 months and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children at 5 years will be performed. All assessments will be performed and analyzed by blinded experts. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled clinical trial to systematically examine possible effects of creative music therapy on short- and long-term brain development in preterm infants. This project lies at the interface of music therapy, neuroscience, and medical imaging. New insights into the potential role and impact of music on brain function and development may be elucidated. If such a low-cost, low-risk intervention is demonstrated in a future multi-center trial to be effective in supporting brain development in preterm neonates, findings could have broad clinical implications for this vulnerable patient population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02434224.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Hagmann
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cong X, Wu J, Vittner D, Xu W, Hussain N, Galvin S, Fitzsimons M, McGrath JM, Henderson WA. The impact of cumulative pain/stress on neurobehavioral development of preterm infants in the NICU. Early Hum Dev 2017; 108:9-16. [PMID: 28343092 PMCID: PMC5444300 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerable preterm infants experience repeated and prolonged pain/stress stimulation during a critical period in their development while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The contribution of cumulative pain/stressors to altered neurodevelopment remains unclear. The study purpose was to investigate the impact of early life painful/stressful experiences on neurobehavioral outcomes of preterm infants in the NICU. METHODS A prospective exploratory study was conducted with fifty preterm infants (28 0/7-32 6/7weeks gestational age) recruited at birth and followed for four weeks. Cumulative pain/stressors (NICU Infant Stressor Scale) were measured daily and neurodevelopmental outcomes (NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale) were examined at 36-37weeks post-menstrual age. Data analyses were conducted on the distribution of pain/stressors experienced over time and the linkages among pain/stressors and neurobehavioral outcomes. RESULTS Preterm infants experienced a high degree of pain/stressors in the NICU, both in numbers of daily acute events (22.97±2.30 procedures) and cumulative times of chronic/stressful exposure (42.59±15.02h). Both acute and chronic pain/stress experienced during early life significantly contributed to the neurobehavioral outcomes, particularly in stress/abstinence (p<0.05) and habituation responses (p<0.01), meanwhile, direct breastfeeding and skin-to-skin holding were also significantly associated with habituation (p<0.01-0.05). CONCLUSION Understanding mechanisms by which early life experience alters neurodevelopment will assist clinicians in developing targeted neuroprotective strategies and individualized interventions to improve infant developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cong
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States; School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Dorothy Vittner
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Connecticut Department of Developmental Services, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Wanli Xu
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Naveed Hussain
- School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States; Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Shari Galvin
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Megan Fitzsimons
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Jacqueline M McGrath
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Wendy A Henderson
- Digestive Disorders Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Treble-Barna A, Zang H, Zhang N, Martin LJ, Yeates KO, Taylor HG, Wade SL, Kurowski BG. Does Apolipoprotein e4 Status Moderate the Association of Family Environment with Long-Term Child Functioning following Early Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury? A Preliminary Study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:859-64. [PMID: 27480909 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617716000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether apolipoprotein e4 (APOE) status moderates the association of family environment with child functioning following early traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS Sixty-five children with moderate to severe TBI and 70 children with orthopedic injury (OI) completed assessments 6, 12, 18 months, and 3.5 and 6.8 years post injury. DNA was extracted from saliva samples and genotyped for APOE e4 status. Linear mixed models examined moderating effects of APOE e4 status on associations between two family environment factors (parenting style, home environment) and three child outcomes (executive functioning, behavioral adjustment, adaptive functioning). RESULTS Children with TBI who were carriers of the e4 allele showed poorer adaptive functioning relative to non-carriers with TBI and children with OI in the context of low authoritarianism. At high levels of authoritarianism, non-carriers with TBI showed the poorest adaptive functioning among groups. There were no main effects or interactions involving APOE and executive functioning or behavioral adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The APOE e4 allele was detrimental for long-term adaptive functioning in the context of positive parenting, whereas in less optimal parenting contexts, being a non-carrier was detrimental. We provide preliminary evidence for an interaction of APOE e4 status and parenting style in predicting long-term outcomes following early TBI. (JINS, 2016, 22, 859-864).
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Stroustrup A, Hsu HH, Svensson K, Schnaas L, Cantoral A, Solano González M, Torres-Calapiz M, Amarasiriwardena C, Bellinger DC, Coull BA, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Toddler temperament and prenatal exposure to lead and maternal depression. Environ Health 2016; 15:71. [PMID: 27312840 PMCID: PMC4910201 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament is a psychological construct that reflects both personality and an infant's reaction to social stimuli. It can be assessed early in life and is stable over time Temperament predicts many later life behaviors and illnesses, including impulsivity, emotional regulation and obesity. Early life exposure to neurotoxicants often results in developmental deficits in attention, social function, and IQ, but environmental predictors of infant temperament are largely unknown. We propose that prenatal exposure to both chemical and non-chemical environmental toxicants impacts the development of temperament, which can itself be used as a marker of risk for maladaptive neurobehavior in later life. In this study, we assessed associations among prenatal and early life exposure to lead, mercury, poverty, maternal depression and toddler temperament. METHODS A prospective cohort of women living in the Mexico City area were followed longitudinally beginning in the second trimester of pregnancy. Prenatal exposure to lead (blood, bone), mercury, and maternal depression were assessed repeatedly and the Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS) was completed when the child was 24 months old. The association between each measure of prenatal exposure and performance on individual TTS subscales was evaluated by multivariable linear regression. Latent profile analysis was used to classify subjects by TTS performance. Multinomial regression models were used to estimate the prospective association between prenatal exposures and TTS performance. RESULTS 500 mother-child pairs completed the TTS and had complete data on exposures and covariates. Three latent profiles were identified and categorized as predominantly difficult, intermediate, or easy temperament. Prenatal exposure to maternal depression predicted increasing probability of difficult toddler temperament. Maternal bone lead, a marker of cumulative exposure, also predicted difficult temperament. Prenatal lead exposure modified this association, suggesting that joint exposure in pregnancy to both was most toxic. CONCLUSIONS Maternal depression predicts difficult temperament and concurrent prenatal exposure to maternal depression and lead predicts a more difficult temperament phenotype in 2 year olds. The role of temperament as an intermediate variable in the path from prenatal exposures to neurobehavioral deficits and other health effects deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Stroustrup
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1508, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano González
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mariana Torres-Calapiz
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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