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Kling T, Ferrarese R, Ó hAilín D, Johansson P, Heiland DH, Dai F, Vasilikos I, Weyerbrock A, Jörnsten R, Carro MS, Nelander S. Integrative Modeling Reveals Annexin A2-mediated Epigenetic Control of Mesenchymal Glioblastoma. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:72-85. [PMID: 27667176 PMCID: PMC5078587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by transcriptionally distinct subtypes, but despite possible clinical relevance, their regulation remains poorly understood. The commonly used molecular classification systems for GBM all identify a subtype with high expression of mesenchymal marker transcripts, strongly associated with invasive growth. We used a comprehensive data-driven network modeling technique (augmented sparse inverse covariance selection, aSICS) to define separate genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional regulators of glioblastoma subtypes. Our model identified Annexin A2 (ANXA2) as a novel methylation-controlled positive regulator of the mesenchymal subtype. Subsequent evaluation in two independent cohorts established ANXA2 expression as a prognostic factor that is dependent on ANXA2 promoter methylation. ANXA2 knockdown in primary glioblastoma stem cell-like cultures suppressed known mesenchymal master regulators, and abrogated cell proliferation and invasion. Our results place ANXA2 at the apex of a regulatory cascade that determines glioblastoma mesenchymal transformation and validate aSICS as a general methodology to uncover regulators of cancer subtypes. Glioblastoma, a form of brain cancer, is characterised by distinct molecular subtypes: proneural, classical and mesenchymal. We used a comprehensive data-driven strategy, aSICS, to elucidate the cellular mechanisms behind the subtypes. Epigenetic control of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) was predicted and confirmed to determine the invasive mesenchymal subtype.
Most cancers have distinct and clinically relevant transcriptional subtypes, but the underlying cellular mechanism behind such subtypes is often hard to resolve. We show that joint analysis across several layers of genomics data can uncover subtype regulators with good accuracy. Our method is applied to the brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), revealing that the invasive mesenchymal subtype is driven by epigenetic modulation of the expression of Annexin A2 (ANXA2). Our analysis adds significantly to our understanding of brain cancer subtypes and open for new potential treatment options. The proposed computational technique can be applied to other cancers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresia Kling
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Darren Ó hAilín
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Schnzlestrasse 1, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Dept of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dieter Henrik Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fangping Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Vasilikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Weyerbrock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rebecka Jörnsten
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Stella Carro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sven Nelander
- Dept of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbecklaboratoriet, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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