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Karbian N, Eshed-Eisenbach Y, Zeibak M, Tabib A, Sukhanov N, Vainshtein A, Morgan BP, Fellig Y, Peles E, Mevorach D. Complement-membrane regulatory proteins are absent from the nodes of Ranvier in the peripheral nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:245. [PMID: 37875972 PMCID: PMC10594684 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygous CD59-deficient patients manifest with recurrent peripheral neuropathy resembling Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), hemolytic anemia and recurrent strokes. Variable mutations in CD59 leading to loss of function have been described and, overall, 17/18 of patients with any mutation presented with recurrent GBS. Here we determine the localization and possible role of membrane-bound complement regulators, including CD59, in the peripheral nervous systems (PNS) of mice and humans. METHODS We examined the localization of membrane-bound complement regulators in the peripheral nerves of healthy humans and a CD59-deficient patient, as well as in wild-type (WT) and CD59a-deficient mice. Cross sections of teased sciatic nerves and myelinating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron/Schwann cell cultures were examined by confocal and electron microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that CD59a-deficient mice display normal peripheral nerve morphology but develop myelin abnormalities in older age. They normally express myelin protein zero (P0), ankyrin G (AnkG), Caspr, dystroglycan, and neurofascin. Immunolabeling of WT nerves using antibodies to CD59 and myelin basic protein (MBP), P0, and AnkG revealed that CD59 was localized along the internode but was absent from the nodes of Ranvier. CD59 was also detected in blood vessels within the nerve. Finally, we show that the nodes of Ranvier lack other complement-membrane regulatory proteins, including CD46, CD55, CD35, and CR1-related gene-y (Crry), rendering this area highly exposed to complement attack. CONCLUSION The Nodes of Ranvier lack CD59 and are hence not protected from complement terminal attack. The myelin unit in human PNS is protected by CD59 and CD55, but not by CD46 or CD35. This renders the nodes and myelin in the PNS vulnerable to complement attack and demyelination in autoinflammatory Guillain-Barré syndrome, as seen in CD59 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Karbian
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Eshed-Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marian Zeibak
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Tabib
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Natasha Sukhanov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anya Vainshtein
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Institute of Rheumatology-Immunology-Allergology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School of Medicine, POB 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Margeta M. Neuromuscular disease: 2023 update. Free Neuropathol 2023; 4:4-2. [PMID: 37283936 PMCID: PMC10209858 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2023-4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights ten important advances in the neuromuscular disease field that were reported in 2022. As with prior updates in this article series, the overarching topics include (i) advances in understanding of fundamental neuromuscular biology; (ii) new / emerging diseases; (iii) advances in understanding of disease etiology and pathogenesis; (iv) diagnostic advances; and (v) therapeutic advances. Within this general framework, the individual disease entities that are discussed in more detail include neuromuscular complications of COVID-19 (another look at the topic first covered in the 2021 and 2022 reviews), DNAJB4-associated myopathy, NMNAT2-deficient hereditary axonal neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, sporadic inclusion body myositis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, the review highlights a few other advances (including new insights into mechanisms of fiber maturation during muscle regeneration and fiber rebuilding following reinnervation, improved genetic testing methods for facioscapulohumeral and myotonic muscular dystrophies, and the use of SARM1 inhibitors to block Wallerian degeneration) that will be of significant interest for clinicians and researchers who specialize in neuromuscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Margeta
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Krishnaswamy VR, Benbenishty A, Blinder P, Sagi I. Demystifying the extracellular matrix and its proteolytic remodeling in the brain: structural and functional insights. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3229-48. [PMID: 31197404 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays diverse roles in several physiological and pathological conditions. In the brain, the ECM is unique both in its composition and in functions. Furthermore, almost all the cells in the central nervous system contribute to different aspects of this intricate structure. Brain ECM, enriched with proteoglycans and other small proteins, aggregate into distinct structures around neurons and oligodendrocytes. These special structures have cardinal functions in the normal functioning of the brain, such as learning, memory, and synapse regulation. In this review, we have compiled the current knowledge about the structure and function of important ECM molecules in the brain and their proteolytic remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases and other enzymes, highlighting the special structures they form. In particular, the proteoglycans in brain ECM, which are essential for several vital functions, are emphasized in detail.
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Segura-Anaya E, Flores-Miranda R, Martínez-Gómez A, Dent MAR. A novel histochemical method of simultaneous detection by a single- or double-immunofluorescence and Bielschowsky's silver staining in teased rat sciatic nerves. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 304:46-51. [PMID: 29596858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Golgi silver method has been widely used in neuroscience for the study of normal and pathological morphology of neurons. The method has been steadily improved and Bielschowsky's silver staining method (BSSM) is widely used in various pathological conditions, like Alzheimer's disease. NEW METHOD In this work, teased sciatic nerves were silver impregnated using BSSM. We also developed simultaneous staining by silver impregnation and single- or double-immunofluorescence of the same section in teased nerve preparations. We immunostained against non-myelinating Schwann cells and different myelinating Schwann cell domains. RESULTS BSSM teased nerves show a strong staining of axons (black) and a gold-brown staining of myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells. We were also able to stain by immunofluorescence these BSSM teased nerves with specific molecular markers against non-myelinating Schwann cells, also against non-compact myelin such as the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures or paranodal regions and compact myelin, but not axons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS AND CONCLUSIONS In peripheral nerves, several silver impregnation methods have been used to stain nerves in paraffin sections, but not in teased nerves to enable the assessment of isolated nerve fibers. In conclusion, BSSM gives accurate information of nerve morphology and combining the procedure with immunofluorescence it would be very useful to study the molecular nerve domain organization of the nerve fibers, and to study the molecular pathology of axon degeneration, or myelin disorders, or of any peripheral neuropathy, also to study demyelination diseases in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Segura-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México, CP 50180, Mexico.
| | - Rommel Flores-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México, CP 50180, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México, CP 50180, Mexico.
| | - Myrna A R Dent
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza, Toluca, Edo. de México, CP 50180, Mexico.
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Delmont E. Review of the literature: Articles published in the last five years that have changed my daily practice. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:785-7. [PMID: 27866733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last five years, the management of peripheral neuropathies has become structured by the publication of recognized diagnostic criteria for inflammatory neuropathies and the elaboration of a function score, the R-ODS, used to evaluate the progression of these neuropathies. The concept of nodo-paranodopathy has enriched the concept of peripheral neuropathies, over-riding the classical mechanisms of axonal and demyelinating mechanisms. The structures of the nodes of Ranvier, gangliosides, contractin and neurofascin are preferential targets for auto-antibodies responsible for dysimmune neuropathies. Concerning treatments, immunosuppressors have demonstrated their efficacy for the treatment of anti-MAG neuropathies. Corticosteroid treatments are also in the limelight, demonstrating a different response profile than intravenous immunoglobulins for CIDP. But the most remarkable therapeutic progress has been made in the domain of hereditary neuropathies. The first trial versus placebo produced positive results in CMT1a. Finally, the era of genetic therapy appears to have come to fruition with the interfering RNA trial for familial amyloid neuropathies.
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Abstract
Voltage-gated Na(+) channels (VGSCs) isolated from mammalian neurons are heterotrimeric complexes containing one pore-forming α subunit and two non-pore-forming β subunits. In excitable cells, VGSCs are responsible for the initiation of action potentials. VGSC β subunits are type I topology glycoproteins, containing an extracellular amino-terminal immunoglobulin (Ig) domain with homology to many neural cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), a single transmembrane segment, and an intracellular carboxyl-terminal domain. VGSC β subunits are encoded by a gene family that is distinct from the α subunits. While α subunits are expressed in prokaryotes, β subunit orthologs did not arise until after the emergence of vertebrates. β subunits regulate the cell surface expression, subcellular localization, and gating properties of their associated α subunits. In addition, like many other Ig-CAMs, β subunits are involved in cell migration, neurite outgrowth, and axon pathfinding and may function in these roles in the absence of associated α subunits. In sum, these multifunctional proteins are critical for both channel regulation and central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Winters
- University of Michigan Neuroscience Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - L L Isom
- University of Michigan Neuroscience Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Jones JM, Dionne L, Dell'Orco J, Parent R, Krueger JN, Cheng X, Dib-Hajj SD, Bunton-Stasyshyn RK, Sharkey LM, Dowling JJ, Murphy GG, Shakkottai VG, Shrager P, Meisler MH. Single amino acid deletion in transmembrane segment D4S6 of sodium channel Scn8a (Nav1.6) in a mouse mutant with a chronic movement disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:36-45. [PMID: 26807988 PMCID: PMC4991781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the neuronal sodium channel gene SCN8A are associated with lethal movement disorders in the mouse and with human epileptic encephalopathy. We describe a spontaneous mouse mutation, Scn8a(9J), that is associated with a chronic movement disorder with early onset tremor and adult onset dystonia. Scn8a(9J) homozygotes have a shortened lifespan, with only 50% of mutants surviving beyond 6 months of age. The 3 bp in-frame deletion removes 1 of the 3 adjacent isoleucine residues in transmembrane segment DIVS6 of Nav1.6 (p.Ile1750del). The altered helical orientation of the transmembrane segment displaces pore-lining amino acids with important roles in channel activation and inactivation. The predicted impact on channel activity was confirmed by analysis of cerebellar Purkinje neurons from mutant mice, which lack spontaneous and induced repetitive firing. In a heterologous expression system, the activity of the mutant channel was below the threshold for detection. Observations of decreased nerve conduction velocity and impaired behavior in an open field are also consistent with reduced activity of Nav1.6. The Nav1.6Δ1750 protein is only partially glycosylated. The abundance of mutant Nav1.6 is reduced at nodes of Ranvier and is not detectable at the axon initial segment. Despite a severe reduction in channel activity, the lifespan and motor function of Scn8a(9J/9J) mice are significantly better than null mutants lacking channel protein. The clinical phenotype of this severe hypomorphic mutant expands the spectrum of Scn8a disease to include a recessively inherited, chronic and progressive movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Jones
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Louise Dionne
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
| | - James Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rachel Parent
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jamie N Krueger
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, United States.
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | | | - Lisa M Sharkey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Peter Shrager
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Takagishi Y, Katanosaka K, Mizoguchi H, Murata Y. Disrupted axon-glia interactions at the paranode in myelinated nerves cause axonal degeneration and neuronal cell death in the aged Caspr mutant mouse shambling. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:34-46. [PMID: 27255813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that axonal degeneration is a disease mechanism in various neurodegenerative diseases and that the paranodes at the nodes of Ranvier may be the initial site of pathogenesis. We investigated the pathophysiology of the disease process in the central and peripheral nervous systems of a Caspr mutant mouse, shambling (shm), which is affected by disrupted paranodal structures and impaired nerve conduction of myelinated nerves. The shm mice manifest a progressive neurological phenotype as mice age. We found extensive axonal degeneration and a loss of neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in aged shm mice. Axonal alteration of myelinated nerves was defined by abnormal distribution and expression of neurofilaments and derangements in the status of phosphorylated and non/de-phosphorylated neurofilaments. Autophagy-related structures were also accumulated in degenerated axons and neurons. In conclusion, our results suggest that disrupted axon-glia interactions at the paranode cause the cytoskeletal alteration in myelinated axons leading to neuronal cell death, and the process involves detrimental autophagy and aging as factors that promote the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takagishi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kimiaki Katanosaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
- Research Center for Next-Generation Drug Development, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Murata
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Yan W, Nguyen T, Yuki N, Ji Q, Yiannikas C, Pollard JD, Mathey EK. Antibodies to neurofascin exacerbate adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 277:13-7. [PMID: 25262157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy are autoimmune disorders of the peripheral nervous system in which autoantibodies are implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Recent work has focused on the nodal regions of the myelinated axon as potential autoantibody targets. Here we screened patient sera for autoantibodies to neurofascin and assessed the pathophysiological relevance of anti-neurofascin antibodies in vivo. Levels of anti-neurofascin antibodies were higher in sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy when compared with those of controls. Anti-neurofascin antibodies exacerbated and prolonged adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune neuritis and caused conduction defects when injected intraneurally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Yan
- Neuroinflammation Group, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toan Nguyen
- Neuroinflammation Group, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- Departments of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Con Yiannikas
- Neuroinflammation Group, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John D Pollard
- Neuroinflammation Group, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily K Mathey
- Neuroinflammation Group, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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