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Chang YK, Lin YJ, Cheng CY, Tsai PC, Wang CY, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BEFV M protein-modulated by lamin A/C and chromosome maintenance region 1 through a transcription-, carrier- and energy-dependent pathway. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:110026. [PMID: 38364467 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates for the first time that the matrix (M) protein of BEFV is a nuclear targeting protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a transcription-, carrier-, and energy-dependent manner. Experiments performed in both intact cells and digitonin-permeabilized cells revealed that M protein targets the nucleolus and requires carrier, cytosolic factors or energy input. By employing sequence and mutagenesis analyses, we have determined both nuclear localization signal (NLS) 6KKGKSK11 and nuclear export signal (NES) 98LIITSYL TI106 of M protein that are important for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of M protein. Furthermore, we found that both lamin A/C and chromosome maintenance region 1 (CRM-1) proteins could be coimmunoprecipitated and colocalized with the BEFV M protein. Knockdown of lamin A/C by shRNA and inhibition of CRM-1 by leptomycin B significantly reduced virus yield. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the BEFV M protein modulated by lamin A/C and CRM-1 and by a transcription- and carrier- and energy-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Depertment of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Jyum Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Young Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Brent L Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ramakrishnan M, Zhou MB, Pan CF, Hänninen H, Tang DQ, Vinod KK. Nuclear export signal (NES) of transposases affects the transposition activity of mariner-like elements Ppmar1 and Ppmar2 of moso bamboo. Mob DNA 2019; 10:35. [PMID: 31452694 PMCID: PMC6699137 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ppmar1 and Ppmar2 are two active mariner-like elements (MLEs) cloned from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz) genome possessing transposases that harbour nuclear export signal (NES) domain, but not any nuclear localization signal (NLS) domain. To understand the functions of NES in transposon activity, we have conducted two experiments, fluorescence and excision frequency assays in the yeast system. For this, by site-directed mutagenesis, three NES mutants were developed from each of the MLE. In the fluorescence assay, the mutants, NES-1, 2 and 3 along with the wild types (NES-0) were fused with fluorescent proteins, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) were co-transformed into yeast system. To differentiate protein localisation under the NES influence, ECFP alone was fused to wild and mutant NES domains either on N- or C-terminal and not to EYFP. Fluorescence assay revealed that blue fluorescence of ECFP was more intense than the red fluorescence of the EYFP in the yeast cell matrix. Further, ECFP had a wider localisation in the cellular matrix, but EYFP was largely located in the nucleus. The NES-1 domain was related to the comparatively high spread of ECFP, while NES-2 and NES-3 indicated a low spread, implying that NES activity on nuclear export increased when the NES is made leucine-rich, while the signalling activity was reduced when the leucine content was lowered in the NES domain. In the transposon excision assay, the mutant and wild type NES of both the Ppmar elements were integrated into an Ade2 vector, and within the Ade2 gene. Co-transformation of the vector together with non-autonomous Ppmar transposons and NES-lacking transposases was used to assess the differential excision frequencies of the mutants NES domains. In both the MLEs, NES-1 had the highest excision suppression, which was less than half of the excision frequency of the wild type. NES-2 and NES-3 elements showed, up to three times increase in transposon excision than the wild types. The results suggested that NES is an important regulator of nuclear export of transposase in Ppmar elements and the mutation of the NES domains can either increase or decrease the export signalling. We speculate that in moso bamboo, NESs regulates the transposition activity of MLEs to maintain the genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Fang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-Qin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod
- Division of Genetics, Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu 612101 India
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Li M, Chen T, Zou X, Xu Z, Wang Y, Wang P, Ou X, Li Y, Chen D, Peng T, Wang Y, Cai M. Characterization of the Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr Virus BFLF2. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 51:1500-1517. [PMID: 30497081 DOI: 10.1159/000495641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BFLF2, the homologue of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL31, is crucial for the efficient viral DNA packaging and primary egress across the nuclear membrane. However, we still do not know its subcellular transport mechanisms. METHODS Interspecies heterokaryon assays were utilized to detect the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BFLF2, and mutation analysis, plasmid transfection and fluorescence microscopy assays were performed to identify the functional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and nuclear export sequence (NES) of BFLF2 in live cells. Furthermore, the nuclear import and export of BFLF2 were assessed by confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays. RESULTS BFLF2 was confirmed to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Two predicted NESs were shown to be nonfunctional, yet we proved that the nuclear export of BFLF2 was mediated through transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), but not chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) dependent pathway. Furthermore, one functional NLS, 22RRLMHPHHRNYTASKASAH40, was identified, and the aa22-23, aa22-25, aa28-30 and aa37-40 had an important role in the nuclear localization of BFLF2. Besides, the nuclear import of BFLF2 was demonstrated through Ran-, importin α7-, importin β1- and transportin-1-dependent mechanism that does not require importin α1, α3 and α5. CONCLUSION These works are of significance for the further study of the functions of BFLF2 during EBV infection, as well as for further insights into the design of new antiviral drug target and vaccine development against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town,
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Singh G, Sarkar NK, Grover A. Mapping of domains of heat stress transcription factor OsHsfA6a responsible for its transactivation activity. Plant Sci 2018; 274:80-90. [PMID: 30080644 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures affect the growth and reproduction of crop plants and thus have become concern worldwide. Hsp101/ClpB protein is a major molecular chaperone, performing dis-aggregation of protein aggregates formed during heat stress. In rice, OsHsfA6a binds to the promoter of OsHsp101/ClpB-C and regulates its expression. In this study, analysis of C-terminal domains of ClassA OsHsfs revealed the presence of aromatic, hydrophobic, acidic (AHA) and nuclear export signal (NES) motifs in all the members. Using deletion constructs, we show that the activation potential of OsHsfA6a is confined in the C-terminal activation domain comprising of AHA and NES sequences. The results obtained in yeast were complemented with transient expression of reporter in protoplast (TERP) based assay. Detailed analysis of OsHsfA6a splice variants shows the presence of one full version and a DBD truncated smaller version whose existence needs experimental evidences. Phylogeny analysis revealed that OsHsfA6a has diverged from A6a/A6b forms of Arabidopsis and tomato and has no expressologs. OsHsfA6a in-silico network was enriched in MAP kinases along with Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins. Thus, it appears that regulation of OsClpB-C by HsfA6a is unique in rice and activation potential of OsHsfA6a resides in the single AHA motif located in the C-terminal domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Neelam K Sarkar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Ferri G, Storti B, Bizzarri R. Nucleocytoplasmic transport in cells with progerin-induced defective nuclear lamina. Biophys Chem 2017; 229:77-83. [PMID: 28712764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent data indicate that nuclear lamina (NL) plays a relevant role in many fundamental cellular functions. The peculiar role of NL in cells is dramatically demonstrated by the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), an inherited laminopathy that causes premature, rapid aging shortly after birth. In HGPS, a mutant form of Lamin A (progeria) leads to a dysmorphic NL structure, but how this perturbation is transduced into cellular changes is still largely unknown. Owing to the close structural relationship between NL and the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC), in this work we test whether HGPS affects passive and active nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of cargoes by means of an established model based of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Our findings clearly demonstrate that dysmorphic NL is decoupled from the dynamic characteristics of passive and active transport towards and from the nucleus, as well as from the binding affinity of transport protein mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferri
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @ NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Storti
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ranieri Bizzarri
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Li M, Jiang S, Wang J, Mo C, Zeng Z, Yang Y, Chen C, Li X, Cui W, Huang J, Peng T, Cai M. Characterization of the nuclear import and export signals of pseudorabies virus UL31. Arch Virol 2015. [PMID: 26195191 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL31 protein (pUL31) is a homologue of the herpes simplex virus 1 pUL31, which is a multifunctional protein that is important for HSV-1 infection. However, little is known concerning the subcellular localization signal of PRV UL31. Here, by transfection with a series of PRV UL31 deletion mutants fused to an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) gene, a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a PY motif NLS of UL31 were identified and mapped to amino acids (aa) 4 to 20 (RRRLLRRKSSAARRKTL) and aa 21 to 34 (TRAARDRYAPYFAY), respectively. Additionally, the predicted nuclear export signal (NES) was shown to be nonfunctional. Taken together, this information opens up new avenues for investigating the biological functions of UL31 during PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuncong Mo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancheng Zeng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjia Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunke Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlu Huang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, School of Basic Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Mao D, Ma G, Cui L, Tao H, Zhou H, Liang W, Zhao B, Li K. Nuclear export of VP19C is not essential for replication of herpes simplex virus type 1. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:55. [PMID: 25302111 PMCID: PMC4190327 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 has a 152 kb double-stranded DNA genome that may encode more than 80 gene products, many of which remain uncharacterized. The HSV-1 triplex is a complex of three protein subunits, VP19C and a dimer of VP23 that is essential for capsid assembly. Previous studies have demonstrated that HSV-1 VP19C contains an atypical nuclear localization signal and a functional nuclear export signal (NES), which are both important for the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of VP19C. However, whether the VP19C NES is required for efficient HSV-1 production is unknown. Findings In the present study, a VP19C NES-mutated recombinant virus was generated by using bacterial artificial chromosome recombineering technology to investigate the role of VP19C nuclear export in HSV-1 replication. Our results demonstrate that the growth curves, plaque areas, subcellular localization and viral gene expression are indistinguishable between the VP19C NES-mutated virus and the wild-type virus. Conclusions Our findings reported herein indicate abrogation of the nuclear export of VP19C did not affect HSV-1 replication and viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital, of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China ; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071 China
| | - Dongwei Mao
- Gynaecological and obstetrical department of the fourth affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital, of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital, of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China
| | - Hua Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China
| | - Wandong Liang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital, of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China ; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital, of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001 China
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Wang N, Wang XL, Yang CG, Chen SL. Molecular cloning, subcelluar location and expression profile of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:1200-1208. [PMID: 23933433 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is an important molecule involved in the type I interferon signalling pathway. To date, little STAT2 homologue is available in fish except Atlantic salmon and goldfish. In this paper, STAT2 was firstly cloned and characterized from turbot, a marine flatfish with high economic value. Briefly, turbot STAT2 cDNA is 3206 bp in length encoding a predicted protein of 793 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree shows that turbot STAT2 protein shared the closest relationship with Atlantic salmon. Analysis of subcellular distribution indicates that STAT2 is mainly present in the cytoplasm of TK cells. Stat2 mRNA is constitutively expressed in widespread tissues and induced by several folds in turbot tissues and TK cells after stimulation with Vibrio anguillarum and lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV). Unlike the higher vertebrate STAT2, turbot STAT2 nuclear export signal (NES) exists not in the C-terminal 79 amino acids but in N-terminal 137-312 amino acids (STAT_alpha domain). The nuclear translocation of turbot STAT2 after Poly(I:C) treatment proved its transcription activity in TK cells. All these results suggested that STAT2 may be involved in the immune response in turbot as a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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