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Muratovic D, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM. Is RANKL a potential molecular target in osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:493-500. [PMID: 38160744 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of joints, in which the bone under the articular cartilage undergoes increased remodelling activity. The question is whether a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of bone remodelling can predict disease-modifying treatments. DESIGN This review summarises the current understanding of the aetiology of OA, with an emphasis on events in the subchondral bone (SCB), and the cells and cytokines involved, to seek an answer to this question. RESULTS SCB remodelling across OA changes the microstructure of the SCB, which alters the load-bearing properties of the joint and seems to have an important role in the initiation and progression of OA. Bone remodelling is tightly controlled by numerous cytokines, of which Receptor Activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin are central factors in almost all known bone conditions. In terms of finding therapeutic options for OA, an important question is whether controlling the rate of SCB remodelling would be beneficial. The role of RANKL in the pathogenesis and progression of OA and the effect of its neutralisation remain to be clarified. CONCLUSIONS This review further makes the case for SCB remodelling as important in OA and for additional study of RANKL in OA, both its pathophysiological role and its potential as an OA disease target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzenita Muratovic
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | - David M Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Shaheen MA, Baraka NM, Fantoukh OI, Alqahtani A, Salama AE, Mahmoud YK. Secukinumab and Black Garlic Downregulate OPG/RANK/RANKL Axis and Devitalize Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis Induced by Sunitinib in Experimental Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020308. [PMID: 36836664 PMCID: PMC9962443 DOI: 10.3390/life13020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib has been associated with several cardiotoxic effects such as cardiac fibrosis. The present study was designed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in sunitinib-induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats and whether its neutralization and/or administration of black garlic (BG), a form of fermented raw garlic (Allium sativum L.), could extenuate this adverse effect. Male Wistar albino rats received sunitinib (25 mg/kg three times a week, orally) and were co-treated with secukinumab (3 mg/kg, subcutaneously, three times total) and/or BG (300 mg/kg/day, orally) for four weeks. Administration of sunitinib induced significant increase in cardiac index, cardiac inflammatory markers, and cardiac dysfunction that were ameliorated by both secukinumab and BG, and to a preferable extent, with the combined treatment. Histological examination revealed disruption in the myocardial architecture and interstitial fibrosis in cardiac sections of the sunitinib group, which were reversed by both secukinumab and BG treatments. Both drugs and their co-administration restored normal cardiac functions, downregulated cardiac inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-17 and NF-κB, along with increasing the MMP1/TIMP1 ratio. Additionally, they attenuated sunitinib-induced upregulation of the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis. These findings highlight another new mechanism through which sunitinib can induce interstitial MF. The current results propose that neutralizing IL-17 by secukinumab and/or supplementation with BG can be a promising therapeutic approach for ameliorating sunitinib-induced MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E. Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-2799-4483
| | - Mervat E. Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M. Baraka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Omer I. Fantoukh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa E. Salama
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Ni X, Wu B, Li S, Zhu W, Xu Z, Zhang G, Cui H, Bai Q, Wang J. Equol exerts a protective effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis by upregulating OPG/RANKL pathway. Phytomedicine 2023; 108:154509. [PMID: 36288653 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Estrogen deficiency is the leading cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP) and phytoestrogens soy isoflavones (SI) have been shown to improve PMOP. Equol (Eq), an in vivo metabolite of phytoestrogens soy isoflavones (SI), has a more stable structure and stronger biological activity than its parent compound and has the greatest estrogenic activity. However, there are few studies on the therapeutic effect of Eq on PMOP. PURPOSE To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of Eq on POMP. METHODS Osteoblast-like cells ROS1728 were cultured with different doses of Eq, estradiol (E2), separately. The effect of Eq on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle of osteoblasts were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, and the expression of OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway of osteoblasts was detected by Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB), and RNA silencing technology were carried out to explore the receptors through which Eq plays a role. Then PMOP rat model was established and treated by Eq or E2 to further verification of the effect and mechanism of Eq on PMOP. RESULT Eq promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of osteoblasts and increased the proportion of osteoblasts in the S phase and G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Eq treatment upregulated the expression of OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio in osteoblasts and this regulatory effect was mainly mediated through the ERβ receptor. Furthermore, in vivo study, Eq improved microstructure and BMD of the femur of PMOP rat model, which imitated the osteoprotective effect of E2. Moreover, the Eq or E2 treatment increased serum levels of Ca, 1,25(OH)2D3, bone Gla-protein(BGP), and Type I procollagen (PC1), and reduced serum levels of phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone(PTH), pyridinol (PYD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and urinary level of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) in the treatment OVX group compared with the untreated OVX group. Meanwhile, Eq or E2 markedly induced the mRNA and protein expression of OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio. CONCLUSION Eq can combine with ERβ and exert a protective effect on PMOP by upregulating OPG/RANKL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Ni
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Bin Wu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, The sixth medical center of PLA General Hospital, 100142 Beijing
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Hanqiang Cui
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing.
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Li EQ, Zhang JL. Therapeutic effects of triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. on interleukin-1-beta-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173341. [PMID: 32634440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common yet destructive disease affecting the articular cartilage, and is a major cause of immense suffering and disability for millions of people. Previous studies have shown that triptolide (TPL), an active compound derived from Tripterygium wilfordii, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities useful for treating chronic diseases. However, whether TPL has immunosuppressive activity against OA is not known. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effects of TPL on interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β)-induced OA in rats. Histological and protein analyses revealed that TPL not only could inhibit interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein expression in cells and disrupt inflammation, but it also reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and 13. Our results also supported the ability of TPL to suppress the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (OPG/RANK/RANKL) and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by IL-1β. Together these data suggest that TPL may be a potentially valuable treatment for OA, regulating associated inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Qi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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Fu D, Qin K, Yang S, Lu J, Lian H, Zhao D. Proper mechanical stress promotes femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:281. [PMID: 32359349 PMCID: PMC7196225 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term use of steroid may lead to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Mechanical stress may help bone formation and remodeling. This study aimed to probe the role of mechanical stress in the femoral head recovery in rats. Methods Rat models with ONFH were induced by steroid. Rats were subjected to different levels of mechanical stress (weight-bearing training), and then the morphology and bone density of femoral head of rats were measured. The mRNA and protein levels of the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis in rat femoral head were assessed. Gain- and loss-of function experiments of OPG were performed to identify its role in femoral head recovery following stress implement. The ex vivo cells were extracted and the effects of stress and OPG on osteogenesis in vitro were explored. Results Steroid-induced ONFH rats showed decreased bone density and increased bone spaces, as well as necrotic cell colonies and many cavities in the cortical bones and trabeculars. Proper mechanical stress or upregulation of OPG led to decreased RANK/RANKL expression and promoted femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis. However, excessive mechanical stress might impose too much load on the femurs thus leading even retard femoral head recovery process. In addition, the in vitro experimental results supported that proper stress and overexpression of OPG increased the osteogenesis of ex vivo cells of femoral head. Conclusion This study provided evidence that proper mechanical stress promoted femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system, while overload might inhibit the recovery process. This study may offer novel insights for ONFH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Fu
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyi Lian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Zeng JZ, Ma LF, Meng H, Yu HM, Zhang YK, Guo A. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) prevents collagen-induced arthritis through OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3101-3106. [PMID: 27882124 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
(5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8) extracts from Tripterygium have anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and immunity adjustment functions. The present study used a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model to evaluate whether LLDT-8 prevents collagen-induced arthritis, and investigated the signaling underlying this. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to generate CIA, mimicking rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The presence of arthritis was determined using RA progression scores. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nuclear factor-κB were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-13 protein expression were measured using western blot analysis. Lastly, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) gene expression. LLDT-8 improved RA progression scores and reduced the incidence and severity of CIA. Furthermore, LLDT-8 administration inhibited collagen-induced inflammation and iNOS protein expression in arthritic rats. The current data indicated that MMP-13 production was suppressed and OPG/RANKL expression was increased by LLDT-8 treatment in the arthritic rat. The present results suggest that LLDT-8 attenuates CIA through OPG/RANK/RANK ligand signaling in a rat model of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhou Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China; Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hai Meng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Miao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Kui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, P.R. China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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