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Garcés-Fiallos FR, de Quadros FM, Ferreira C, de Borba MC, Bouzon ZL, Barcelos-Oliveira JL, Stadnik MJ. Changes in xylem morphology and activity of defense-related enzymes are associated with bean resistance during Fusarium oxysporum colonization. Protoplasma 2022; 259:717-729. [PMID: 34406473 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genetic resistance is the main strategy to control Fusarium wilt in common bean. Despite this, few studies have focused on defense mechanisms involved in bean resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in xylem morphology and involvement of phenylpropanoid compounds and their biosynthetic enzymes in bean resistance against Fop. Uirapuru and UFSC-01 genotypes characterized, respectively, as susceptible and resistant were used. In roots and hypocotyls, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were determined at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after inoculation (dai), and flavonoids, total phenolics, and lignin content were quantified at 0, 3, and 6 dai. Cross sections of taproots and hypocotyls were examined under epifluorescence (at 1, 3, and 6 dai) and transmission electron (at 6 dai) microscopic to analyze the morphology of xylem cell walls. Overall, there was an increase in the activity of all studied enzymes in resistant bean plants, mainly during advanced colonization stages. Modifications in xylem morphology were more intense in roots of resistant genotype resulting in an increase of occluded cells, organelles, and cell wall strengthening. This study provides evidence that bean resistance is associated with increased phenylpropanoid enzymatic activity and cell wall reinforcement of some xylem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R Garcés-Fiallos
- Faculty of Agronomic Engineering, Technical University of Manabí, Experimental Campus La Teodomira, Km 13, Santa Ana, Manabí, Ecuador.
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil.
| | - Felipe M de Quadros
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil.
| | - Chirle Ferreira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Marlon C de Borba
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Barcelos-Oliveira
- Rural Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Marciel J Stadnik
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-001, Brazil.
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